分布式光网络路由和生存性技术研究
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摘要
路由和生存性技术作为实现业务在通信网络中高效传输的两种关键技术,对网络的性能起着至关重要的作用。随着宽带成为未来世界各国发展的主旋律,对宽带网络的研究逐渐增多,在宽带骨干网方面,传统的集中式控制逐渐向分布式控制方向发展,导致了光网络由集中式向分布式的演进,相应地,分布式光网络中的路由和生存性技术成为本文关注的重点,而在宽带接入网方面,随着集中式环境下的光载无线(RoF:Radio over Fiber)网络向分布式环境下的RoF网络发展,分布式RoF网络中的路由和生存性技术成为本文关注的另一方面。综上所述,本论文的工作紧密围绕分布式光网络和RoF网络中的路由和生存性技术展开,分别针对骨干网和接入网的不同特点研究了相应的路由和生存性机制和算法,并取得了若干具有创新性的研究成果,具体包括以下几个方面：
(1)对分布式光网络中基于服务质量(QoS:Quality of Service)的路由算法进行研究。主要分为两个方面：其一针对相同的业务具有多样化的QoS需求进行研究,对应于多约束路由问题；其二针对不同的业务具有不同的QoS需求进行研究,对应于区分业务路由问题。在相同业务具有多样化的需求方面,针对现有多约束路由算法复杂性高或精确性差的缺点,提出了一种可以在算法复杂性和算法精确性之间取得较好折衷的多约束路由算法,该算法在没有增加算法复杂性的同时可以有效地降低网络阻塞率；在不同业务具有不同的需求方面,针对现有业务区分机制没有充分利用业务自身能力导致的资源利用率不高的缺陷,提出了一种适用于光分组交换(OPS:Optical Packet Switching)网络并且能够充分利用业务自身能力的区分业务路由算法,该算法没有占用额外的网络资源,有效地提高了资源利用率
(2)对分布式光网络中最优化网络资源使用的路由算法进行研究。针对现有波长优化路由算法均在算路过程中对波长资源进行优化的现状,创新性地提出了一种在算路前对波长资源进行优化的算法,该算法在算路前构建了新的考虑链路波长使用的权重以减少波长资源占用,同时在算路过程中根据资源占用情况动态更新链路权重以提高网络负载均衡能力,通过这两个步骤,有效提高了网络资源的利用率。
(3)对分布式光网络中快速的恢复机制进行研究。主要分为两个方面：其一是针对单故障情况下的快速恢复机制进行研究；其二是针对多故障情况下的快速恢复机制进行研究。在单故障情况下,针对现有单故障恢复算法恢复时间较慢的问题,提出了一种快速并行的恢复机制,该机制有效减少了连接的建立时间；在多故障情况下,针对现有光组播业务中多故障恢复机制欠缺的现状,提出了一种基于本地节点的多故障快速恢复机制,该机制有效减少了恢复时间,并且提高了恢复率。
(4)对分布式环境下RoF网络中的联合路由算法和具有均衡特性的恢复机制进行研究。针对现有RoF网络中无线部分和有线部分单独算路导致的局部最优问题,提出了一种新颖的无线和有线网络联合算路的方法,应用该方法可以为RoF网络计算出一条全局最优的路径；针对RoF网络中恢复机制资源利用率不高的缺点,提出了一种基于流量分割的生存性机制,该机制有效提高了恢复率。
As the key technologies of achieving the efficient service transmission in communications network, routing and survivability technologies are essential to the network performance. As the broadband becomes the main theme of each country in the future, the researches about broadband network become common. In the aspect of broadband backbone network, the dissertation mainly focused on the routing and survivability technologies in distributed optical networks as the centralized optical networks gradually develop to the distributed optical networks, while in the aspect of broadband access network, the dissertation mainly focused on the routing and survivability technologies in distributed radio over fiber (RoF) networks as the centralized RoF networks gradually develop to the distributed RoF networks. To conclude, the dissertation mainly focused on the routing and survivability technologies in distributed optical networks and RoF networks, and studied corresponding routing and survivability schemes and algorithms aiming to the different characteristics of backbone networks and access networks and gained a number of innovative research achievements, and the concrete research contents are as follows:
(1) Research on quality of service (QoS) based routing algorithm in distributed optical networks. Both aspects are included:the first is researching on multi-constrained routing; the second is researching on differentiated service routing. In the first aspect, a multi-constrained routing algorithm which can achieve a better tradeoff between algorithm complexity and algorithm accuracy is proposed aiming to the drawback of high algorithm complexity or low algorithm accuracy in existing multi-constrained routing algorithms. The proposed algorithm effectively reduces the network blocking probability and in the meantime achieves similar complexity with the others. In the second aspect, a differentiated service routing algorithm which can fully make use of the capacity of services themselves in optical packet switching (OPS) networks is proposed aiming to the drawback of existing service differentiation schemes which can not use the capacity of services themselves. The proposed algorithm does not occupy the additional network resources, thus effectively increasing the resource utilization ratio (RUR).
(2) Research on wavelength optimization routing algorithm in distributed optical networks. An algorithm which is optimized before routing computation is proposed aiming at the current situation of exsiting algorithms which are optimized after each request is computed. The proposed algorithm forms a new link cost of considering the wavelength usage before routing computation and updates the new cost after each request is computed, thus effectively increasing the RUR.
(3) Research on fast restoration scheme in distributed optical networks. Both aspects are included:the first is researching on fast restoration scheme aiming at the case of single failure; the second is researching on fast restoration scheme aiming at the case of multiple failures. In the first aspect, a fast parallel restoration scheme is proposed aiming at the problem of the long restoration time among the existing restoration algorithms. The proposed scheme effectively reduces the connection setup time. In the second aspect, a local node based multi-failure restoration mechanism is proposed aiming at the lack of multi-failure restoration scheme in optical multicast. The proposed restoration mechanism effectively reduces the restoration time and increases the restoration rate.
(4) Research on joint routing algorithm and balanced restoration scheme in distributed RoF networks. A novel joint routing algorithm which simultaneously considers wire networks and wireless networks is proposed aiming at the local optimum problem of single routing computation of wire networks and wireless networks in RoF networks, and the global optimum route is obtained; A traffic partition restoration scheme is proposed aiming at the problem of the low RUR in the existing survivability schemes of RoF networks, and the restoration ratio is increased applying the proposed scheme.
(1)对分布式光网络中基于服务质量(QoS:Quality of Service)的路由算法进行研究。主要分为两个方面：其一针对相同的业务具有多样化的QoS需求进行研究,对应于多约束路由问题；其二针对不同的业务具有不同的QoS需求进行研究,对应于区分业务路由问题。在相同业务具有多样化的需求方面,针对现有多约束路由算法复杂性高或精确性差的缺点,提出了一种可以在算法复杂性和算法精确性之间取得较好折衷的多约束路由算法,该算法在没有增加算法复杂性的同时可以有效地降低网络阻塞率；在不同业务具有不同的需求方面,针对现有业务区分机制没有充分利用业务自身能力导致的资源利用率不高的缺陷,提出了一种适用于光分组交换(OPS:Optical Packet Switching)网络并且能够充分利用业务自身能力的区分业务路由算法,该算法没有占用额外的网络资源,有效地提高了资源利用率
(2)对分布式光网络中最优化网络资源使用的路由算法进行研究。针对现有波长优化路由算法均在算路过程中对波长资源进行优化的现状,创新性地提出了一种在算路前对波长资源进行优化的算法,该算法在算路前构建了新的考虑链路波长使用的权重以减少波长资源占用,同时在算路过程中根据资源占用情况动态更新链路权重以提高网络负载均衡能力,通过这两个步骤,有效提高了网络资源的利用率。
(3)对分布式光网络中快速的恢复机制进行研究。主要分为两个方面：其一是针对单故障情况下的快速恢复机制进行研究；其二是针对多故障情况下的快速恢复机制进行研究。在单故障情况下,针对现有单故障恢复算法恢复时间较慢的问题,提出了一种快速并行的恢复机制,该机制有效减少了连接的建立时间；在多故障情况下,针对现有光组播业务中多故障恢复机制欠缺的现状,提出了一种基于本地节点的多故障快速恢复机制,该机制有效减少了恢复时间,并且提高了恢复率。
(4)对分布式环境下RoF网络中的联合路由算法和具有均衡特性的恢复机制进行研究。针对现有RoF网络中无线部分和有线部分单独算路导致的局部最优问题,提出了一种新颖的无线和有线网络联合算路的方法,应用该方法可以为RoF网络计算出一条全局最优的路径；针对RoF网络中恢复机制资源利用率不高的缺点,提出了一种基于流量分割的生存性机制,该机制有效提高了恢复率。
As the key technologies of achieving the efficient service transmission in communications network, routing and survivability technologies are essential to the network performance. As the broadband becomes the main theme of each country in the future, the researches about broadband network become common. In the aspect of broadband backbone network, the dissertation mainly focused on the routing and survivability technologies in distributed optical networks as the centralized optical networks gradually develop to the distributed optical networks, while in the aspect of broadband access network, the dissertation mainly focused on the routing and survivability technologies in distributed radio over fiber (RoF) networks as the centralized RoF networks gradually develop to the distributed RoF networks. To conclude, the dissertation mainly focused on the routing and survivability technologies in distributed optical networks and RoF networks, and studied corresponding routing and survivability schemes and algorithms aiming to the different characteristics of backbone networks and access networks and gained a number of innovative research achievements, and the concrete research contents are as follows:
(1) Research on quality of service (QoS) based routing algorithm in distributed optical networks. Both aspects are included:the first is researching on multi-constrained routing; the second is researching on differentiated service routing. In the first aspect, a multi-constrained routing algorithm which can achieve a better tradeoff between algorithm complexity and algorithm accuracy is proposed aiming to the drawback of high algorithm complexity or low algorithm accuracy in existing multi-constrained routing algorithms. The proposed algorithm effectively reduces the network blocking probability and in the meantime achieves similar complexity with the others. In the second aspect, a differentiated service routing algorithm which can fully make use of the capacity of services themselves in optical packet switching (OPS) networks is proposed aiming to the drawback of existing service differentiation schemes which can not use the capacity of services themselves. The proposed algorithm does not occupy the additional network resources, thus effectively increasing the resource utilization ratio (RUR).
(2) Research on wavelength optimization routing algorithm in distributed optical networks. An algorithm which is optimized before routing computation is proposed aiming at the current situation of exsiting algorithms which are optimized after each request is computed. The proposed algorithm forms a new link cost of considering the wavelength usage before routing computation and updates the new cost after each request is computed, thus effectively increasing the RUR.
(3) Research on fast restoration scheme in distributed optical networks. Both aspects are included:the first is researching on fast restoration scheme aiming at the case of single failure; the second is researching on fast restoration scheme aiming at the case of multiple failures. In the first aspect, a fast parallel restoration scheme is proposed aiming at the problem of the long restoration time among the existing restoration algorithms. The proposed scheme effectively reduces the connection setup time. In the second aspect, a local node based multi-failure restoration mechanism is proposed aiming at the lack of multi-failure restoration scheme in optical multicast. The proposed restoration mechanism effectively reduces the restoration time and increases the restoration rate.
(4) Research on joint routing algorithm and balanced restoration scheme in distributed RoF networks. A novel joint routing algorithm which simultaneously considers wire networks and wireless networks is proposed aiming at the local optimum problem of single routing computation of wire networks and wireless networks in RoF networks, and the global optimum route is obtained; A traffic partition restoration scheme is proposed aiming at the problem of the low RUR in the existing survivability schemes of RoF networks, and the restoration ratio is increased applying the proposed scheme.
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