基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育研究
|
摘要
改革开放以来,我国经济转轨、社会转型,加之多元文化及市场经济的负面影响,由突发事件所引发的一系列问题,正从思想、行为等多方面对大学生产生重大影响。胡锦涛总书记在庆祝建党九十周年大会上指出：“青年是祖国的未来、民族的希望,也是我们党的未来和希望”。处于成长关键阶段的青年大学生,在心理素质和政治素质方面属于尚不太成熟的群体,对突发事件的关注往往具有一定的盲目性,容易被一些负面言论和反动势力煽动利用,如不及时加以防范、引导和教育,对学校管理乃至社会稳定容易引发严重的后果。高校肩负着培育祖国建设者、接班人的重任,突发事件的产生凸显了高校思想政治教育工作所面临的新任务与新挑战。由此,考察新时期基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的理论与实践,研究得失、总结经验、分析问题、探究原因、提出建构策略,在突发事件与大学生思想政治教育的理论与实践有机结合的基础上,为实际工作提供有益的借鉴和可操作性的指导,为今后应对突发事件的思想政治教育工作提供更多的理论指导与丰富的案例支持,提升思想政治教育工作的预见性与有效性,维护社会与校园的安全稳定。
本研究将从基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的理论与现实两个维度展开,具体探明目前高校应对突发事件开展思想政治教育的现状与问题,从问题出发,明确基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的本质内涵、嬗变发展、借鉴启示、现状问题、构成要素、目标设定、内容形式、方法创新、运行过程、实施途径,并从国外经验、历史回溯和实践探索中总结经验与思考,构建了基于突发事件的高校应急教育体系。本文首先从突发事件及大学生思想政治教育的相关理论进行系统深入研究入手,根据马克思主义的相关理论、危机管理理论、心理学、思想政治教育学等多学科理论作为研究的理论基础,分析了突发事件与大学生思想政治教育的相互关系。然后在理论研究的基础上进行实际调研,选取了武汉地区高校作为样本区域进行小范围的调查,通过调查了解当代大学生的对于社会热点焦点问题的了解认识情况,分析其世界观、社会观、人生观和价值观的变化和在高校应对突发事件中及存在的问题,在历史研究与国际比较的基础上得出了相关结论。在理论研究及现状分析的基础上本文提出高校应急教育体系,最后提出了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育模式及实现的路径。
整篇文章分为八章来讨论上述问题,具体内容可以概括如下。
第一章导论。阐述了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育研究这一课题的选题来源、选题目的和研究意义,以及国内外研究现状与存在的不足,研究内容,研究重点、难点及创新之处,为后续论述做好铺垫。本文选题来源主要是源自对博士生承担的两项中国科协科研项目内容的思考与深化研究。本研究的理论意义在于通过基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育研究,试图完善突发事件与思想政治教育的理论体系,进一步推动思想政治教育学的理论创新与发展。本研究的实践意义主要表现在：第一,帮助高校科学应对当前各类突发事件,加强我国公共危机管理；第二,加强和改进党的思想政治工作,构建社会主义和谐社会；第三,了解剖析突发事件对大学生意识形态的影响,改进与加强大学生思想政治教育实践。
第二章突发事件与大学生思想政治教育概论。首先,从突发事件的概念分析入手,总结突发事件的一般特征与新时期突发事件的新特征。一般来说,突发事件具有突然发生、难以预料、复杂关联、普遍关注、处理紧急、严重危害、影响滞后的特征,新时期突发事件又呈现出数量多、传播快,紧扣民生问题,伴随谣言,危机政府信誉等新特征。目前,我国突发事件呈现出了高发频发的趋势,灾害疫情,事故灾难,食品安全等问题尤为突出,突发事件造成的重大的人员伤亡、巨大的社会损耗、严重的心理影响、政府形象的损耗和对社会稳定的影响是无法估量的,同时也危及到大学生的政治信仰、价值观念以及心理健康状况。随后,本文分析了形成的背景、原因,同时对社会突发事件与高校校园突发事件进行了分类归纳。在体制改革与杜会转型带来的冲击,网络媒体时代带来的全新变革,多元文化与西方强势文化的影响的大背景下,突发事件的形成原因是多方面的,外部原因主要表现在自然环境变化加剧,经济社会发展不平衡,价值观呈现出多元化,法制与监管相对滞后；内部原因主要表现在不科学的改造自然,公民科学素质低下,封建迷信思想,崇尚伪权威,网络平台的谣言散播,社会心理演变与媒体不实报道等。与此同时,国外敌对势力的渗透与破坏,社会热点焦点问题,改革发展探索作中的失误与困难,大学生自身的利益受到侵犯以及青年学生自身的弱点被利用等都是导致突发事件对大学生思想行为造成影响的原因。在突发事件的背景下,大学生思想政治教育是我们党的思想政治工作的重要组成部分,我党一贯重视从思想上、政治上教育引导大学生健康成长,新时期大学生呈现出了矛盾性、多元性、功利性、自主性交融的新特点,全球化、市场化、信息化的挑战,传统教育观念与手段落后都对突发事件背景下大学生思想政治教育提出了新的挑战。
第三章突发事件与大学生思想政治教育的联系。本章主要试图在分析思想政治教育介入突发事件的理论基础的前提下,分析突发事件与大学生思想政治教育二者之间的关系。马克思主义哲学中的必然性与偶然性关系原理和质量互变规律、人的本质的学说、物质与意识辩证关系原理、社会存在决定社会意识原理为大学生思想政治教育介入突发事件研究提供了科学的世界观和方法论基础,马克思主义政治经济学理论、科学社会主义理论同样提供了相关的理论指导。同时,西方国家具有代表性的理论,如心理危机干预理论与危机管理学理论,思想政治教育学中的的教育环境论、社会适应理论、人格自律理论,以及我国的突发事件应急工作体系也为本研究提供了相应的心理学、管理学、思想政治教育及法律上理论支持。通过分析突发事件与大学生思想政治教育的关系得出,大学生思想政治教育可以有效的维护社会稳定、发挥社会动员、为大学生提供精神支持,是化解突发事件的有效手段；同时,突发事件为大学生思想政治教育提供适宜环境、事件性契机与丰富素材,能够有效的促进大学生思想政治教育效果的提升,为大学生思想政治教育方法论研究提供新思路,二者是一种互促互进的关系。
第四章基于突发事件开展大学生思想政治教育的现状与经验。首先通过问卷调查,了解大学生关注社会热点焦点问题的类型及途径,对社会热点焦点问题的基本看法。接着对高校应对突发事件的基本状况进行分析,总的来说目前高校应对突发事件的危机意识有所增强,应急预案设立普遍增多,制度逐步完善,普遍组建临时应对突发事件的处理机构,且注重阻隔不良信息的传播,但同时也存在许多问题,如重应对轻预防、缺乏迅速及时的信息沟通渠道、未建立系统的应急教育体系等,尤其是思想政治教育在突发事件应对过程中的教育内容缺失尤为明显。随后,通过分析了我党在基于突发事件开展思想政治教育的经验与教训和美国高校应急管理的相关经验后,得出对我国高校应对突发事件改进大学生思想政治教育的启示与借鉴。
第五章基于突发事件的高校应急教育。首先,分析了开展基于突发事件的高校应急教育的紧迫性,主要源自多元文化对大学生核心价值观塑造产生冲击,真相不明与媒介恐慌对大学生科学认知产生阻碍,社会负面影响对大学生政治认同感产生动摇,突发事件易引发大规模学生群体性事件,高等教育大众化背景下大学生自我认同感下降,亟需从思想上、科学普及上、政治上、管理上对大学生进行疏导与教育,发挥大学生在公众中的表率与积极作用。其次,根据社会现状与马斯洛的需求层次理论,本文将针对突发事件开展的高校应急教育的内容划分为了应急生命教育、应急科普教育、应急心理健康教育、应急思想政治教育和奉献教育这五个层次,通过提高预见性、体系常态化、应对多样化、培养后备军的策略进行实施。随后,通过分析大确立了大学生思想政治教育应贯穿高校应急教育全过程的定位。
第六章基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育体系。本章集中论述了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的目标、内容、方法、制度等的问题,针对基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的特殊性,对其体系构建进行较深入的理论分析。具体分析了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的总体目标与过程性目标,在实施过程中遵循人本性、差异性、务实性、效率性、科学性的基本原则,以社会主义核心价值体系、心理健康教育、法律法规教育、安全教育、网络思想政治教育为主要教育内容,通过理论教育、案例强化、心理辅导、榜样激励、实践体验等多样的教育方法,促进思想政治教育在突发事件背景中的效果实施。
第七章基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育路径分析。根据前面六章的理论与实践分析,本章从学校层面与社会层面提出了路径建设的思路。就高校而言,第一,继续加强和谐校园建设,建立应急预案；第二,发挥课堂主渠道的作用,加强案例的补充更新；第三,根据高校自身特点与学科优势,积极运用党团组织、学生社团等活动载体开展体验学习;第四,加强网络舆论的监控与引导,增强学生对反动、虚假、煽动信息的识别与阻断能力；第五,深化大学生心理健康教育,加强阶段式的心理干预；第六,搭建基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育资源共享平台,完善资源利用、更新与评估机制；第七,加强思想政治教育队伍建设,提高理论水平,创新工作的方法与手段。就社会而言,应当发挥政府管理、大众传媒、法规建设以及社会力量在基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育中的合力,提高公民科学素养,营造良好的舆论氛围,维护政府形象,促进社会和谐。
第八章是结语。本章对全文的观点、创新点及研究的局限性作出总结。
Since reform and opening up, our country has entered the new transforming period of economy and society. At the same time, the market economy and multiculturalism also brought some passive influence. The problems caused by emergency give great influence on college students in many aspects such as thoughts and behaviors. General secretary Hu Jintao pointed out in the convention for celebrating the90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China:"Young people represent the future of both China and its people. They also represent the future and hope of our Party." The young college students in the crucial stage of growth belong to immature group on the psychological quality and political quality. They have certain blindness in focusing on emergency, and have a tendency to allow themselves to be used by the reactionary forces. The young college students without timely education and guide easily lead to very serious consequences for school management and social stability. Universities shoulder the task to train the builders and successor of motherland, and emergencies have highlighted the new tasks and new challenges of university ideological and political education work. Thus, this research investigated the new period of college ideological and political education theory and practice based on emergencies, summed up the experience, analyzed the problems, explored the reasons, and proposed the construction strategy, based on the combination of emergencies and the theory and practice of college ideological and political education, to provide some useful reference for the practical work and operational guidance, to provide more direct and abundant case support for the theory of ideological and political education to respond to emergencies in the future, to enhance the predictability and effectiveness of ideological and political education work, and to maintain social and campus security and stability.
This research will be undertaken from the theory and practice aspects, focusing on the investigating the present situation and problems of the ideological and political education to deal with emergencies in colleges, making clear the connotation, development, enlightenments, present situation, problems, element, goal setting, content, form, method innovation, the process of running and implementing ways of the college ideological and political education based on emergencies. Based on the domestic and international experience, it constructed the emergency education system in colleges and universities. This paper will take further research on the emergency and theory of college ideological and political education, according to the related Marxism theory, the crisis management theory, psychology, and ideological and political education, it analyzed the relationship between emergency and college ideological and political education, then on the basis of practical research, selected the sample area in universities in Wuhan to survey of a small scale. Through investigation to understand contemporary college students' awareness of social hot issues, analyzed the change of their world view, society outlook, view of life, values and the problems in dealing with emergencies in colleges. The relevant conclusions are drawn on the basis of historical study and international comparison. On the basis of theoretical research and the present situation analysis, this paper has presented the emergency education system, and finally puts forward the mode and realization path of the ideological and political education based on the emergency.
The whole article is divided into eight chapters to discuss the above issues, the specific content can be summarized as follows:
The first chapter introduces the topic source, purpose and significance of this article, the current situation and existing problems in the foreign research, the research content, the key points and difficulties and innovative points, in order to pave the way for the subsequent research. The selected topic source of this article mainly comes from the thinking and deepening of two projects initiated by China association for science and technology research for PhD students. The theoretical significance of this study is based on emergency ideological and political education research, trying to perfect emergency and the theoretical system of ideological and political education, and to promote the theoretical innovation and development of ideological and political education. The practical significance of this study mainly lies in:first, help colleges and universities deal with the current of all kinds of emergencies, and strengthen the public crisis management in our country; Second, improve the party's ideological and political work and build a harmonious socialist society; Third, analyze the influence of college students'ideological caused by emergency, and strengthen ideological and political education practice.
The second chapter introduces the emergency and the college students' ideological and political education. First of all, from the analysis on the concept of emergency, the general characteristics of emergency and new characteristics of unexpected events in the new period are summarized. In general, the emergency has the features of sudden, unpredictable, complex associated, common concerned, urgent, damaging, lagged effect, in new period, the emergency also presents the new features of having a large number, spreading rapidly, closely linking to people's livelihood problem, accompanying rumors, jeopardizing the prestige and authority of the local government. At present, the emergency reveals a trend of high frequency, especially the outbreak of disasters, accidents disasters, food safety issues, etc. The great casualties, huge social loss, serious psychological impact, and government image damage caused by emergency have serious impact on social stability, which also endanger the college students' political beliefs, values, and mental health. Then, this article analyzes the background and reasons of emergency, at the same time, the social events and campus emergencies are classified. Under the background of the impact of system reform and social transformation, the new changes brought by the network media, the influence of multi-culture and western dominant culture, the formation reason of the emergency are various. The external reasons are the changes in the natural environment, the imbalance of economic development, the diversification of value views, the relative backwardness of law supervision; The internal reasons are the unscientific transforming nature, the low citizens scientific quality, the feudal superstition, the advocating false authority, rumor spread in network platform, the evolution of social psychology and media inaccurate reports, etc. At the same time, the penetration and destruction of foreign hostile forces, the social hot issues, the failures and difficulties in reform and development, the violation of college students'interests, and the students own vulnerabilities are all the cause of leading emergency to affect college students thoughts and actions. Under the background of the emergency, the ideological and political education is an important part of ideological and political work of our party. Our party has always attached great importance to educating and guiding the college students to grow healthy from ideological and political aspects. In the new period, college students present the contradiction, diversity, utilitarian, and autonomy blend. The challenges of globalization, marketization, informationization, and the lags of traditional education ideas and methods all put forward new challenges for college students'ideological and political education based on emergency.
The third chapter expounds the relationship between the emergency and the college students'ideological and political education. This chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between emergencies and college students' ideological and political education. In Marxist philosophy, the principle of relationship between inevitability and contingency, the law of mutual change of quality and quantity, the theory on nature of human beings, the principle of dialectical relationship between material and consciousness, and the principle of social existence determines social consciousness provide the scientific world outlook and methodology foundation for the research of college students'ideological and political education intervened in emergency, Marxist political economics theory and scientific socialism theory also provide the related theoretical guidance. Meanwhile, the representative theories in western countries are the psychological crisis intervention theory, the crisis management theory, the theory of education environmental, social adaptability, self-discipline personality in the pedagogic of ideological politics. In addition, the work of emergency system in our country also provides the theory support to this research in psychology, management, ideological and political education, and law. By analyzing the relationship between the emergency and the college students' ideological and political education, the college students' ideological and political education can stabilize society, mobilize the social strength, provide the spirit support for undergraduates. It is the effective means to resolve the emergency. In the meantime, emergency provides the suitable environment, opportunity and rich material for college students' ideological and political education. It could effectively promote the upgrade of the effect of the ideological and political education, and provide new insights.
The fourth chapter introduces the history and present situation and the problems of the college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. First, the type of social hot issues, the way to spread, and the basic views of social hot issues are found out through the questionnaire survey. Then the basic situation of responding to emergencies in colleges and universities are analyzed. In general, the urgency sense of colleges to respond to emergencies is enhanced. The emergency program is generally increased. The temporary emergency disposal organization usually be set up, and colleges pay attention to cut off the spread of bad information. At the same time there are also many problems, such as the tendency towards conflict resolution rather than prevention, lack of the fast and timely information communication system, the systematic emergency education system has not been established, especially the lack of education content for ideological and political education in the process of emergency response. Then, this chapter analyzes the experiences and lessons of our party to carry out the ideological and political education based on emergency, and the relevant experience of campus emergency management in the United States, providing some inspirations and references for the improvement of our college students'ideological and political education to respond to the emergency incidents.
The fifth chapter focus on the emergency education in colleges. First of all, the urgency of carrying out the emergency education in colleges is analyzed in the following aspects: multicultural impact on college students' core values, unknown truth and media panic impede college students' science cognition, social negative influence shake college students' political identity, emergency easy to cause the group incidents of college students, and the college students'sense of self-identity is decreased under the background of popularization of higher education. The college students need to be guided and educated from ideology, politics, and management, giving full play to the students' leading and active role in the public. Second, according to the social reality and The Demand Theory by Maslow, this article divides the contents of emergency education in colleges into five categories:emergency life education, emergency science education, emergency mental health education, emergency ideological and political education, and dedication education. The emergency education is carried out by improving the predictability, normalizing system, coping in many ways, cultivating the reserve force. The position of ideological and political education which should be throughout the whole process of emergency education in colleges is established by analyzing the function of ideological and political education in colleges emergency education system.
The sixth chapter expounds the system of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. This chapter focuses on the target, content, and method system of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency, for the particularity of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency, an more in-depth theoretical analysis of its system construction is adopted. This chapter analyzes the overall objectives and the process-oriented targets of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. The college students'ideological and political education follows the principles of human nature, striving for realism, efficiency, science, and coordination during the process. The main contents of education are the socialist core value system education, mental health education, laws and regulations education, safety education, network ideological and political education, and the main educational methods are the theory education method, case-study method, psychological counseling method, example inspired method, practical experience method, promoting the implementation effect of college students' ideological and political education in the background of emergency.
The seventh chapter focus on the path analysis of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. According to the theory and practice analysis of front six chapters, this chapter from the school level and social level proposes the train of thought for path construction. In terms of colleges, first, continue to strengthen the construction of harmonious campus, and to establish contingency plans; Second, give full play to the role of classroom teaching as a main avenue, and strengthen the complementary case updates; Third, according to the characteristics of colleges and scientific advantage, actively use Party and League organization, and student groups to carry out the experiential learning; Fourth, strengthen the monitor and guide of the network public opinion, and strengthen students'recognition and block ability to the false, inciting, and reactionary information; Fifth, deepen college students'mental health education, and strengthen the staged psychological intervention; Sixth, construct sharing platform for college students'ideological and political education resources, and improve the resource utilization, update and evaluation mechanism; Seventh, strengthen the team construction of ideological and political education, and improve the level of theory, innovative work methods and means. In terms of society, give play to the role of the government management, mass media, laws and regulations construction, and social forces in the college students'ideological and political education based on emergency to improve the citizens' scientific literacy, create a good public opinion atmosphere, protect government image, and promote social harmony.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion.This chapter makes a summary for the main point,the innovations and the limitations of this paper.
本研究将从基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的理论与现实两个维度展开,具体探明目前高校应对突发事件开展思想政治教育的现状与问题,从问题出发,明确基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的本质内涵、嬗变发展、借鉴启示、现状问题、构成要素、目标设定、内容形式、方法创新、运行过程、实施途径,并从国外经验、历史回溯和实践探索中总结经验与思考,构建了基于突发事件的高校应急教育体系。本文首先从突发事件及大学生思想政治教育的相关理论进行系统深入研究入手,根据马克思主义的相关理论、危机管理理论、心理学、思想政治教育学等多学科理论作为研究的理论基础,分析了突发事件与大学生思想政治教育的相互关系。然后在理论研究的基础上进行实际调研,选取了武汉地区高校作为样本区域进行小范围的调查,通过调查了解当代大学生的对于社会热点焦点问题的了解认识情况,分析其世界观、社会观、人生观和价值观的变化和在高校应对突发事件中及存在的问题,在历史研究与国际比较的基础上得出了相关结论。在理论研究及现状分析的基础上本文提出高校应急教育体系,最后提出了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育模式及实现的路径。
整篇文章分为八章来讨论上述问题,具体内容可以概括如下。
第一章导论。阐述了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育研究这一课题的选题来源、选题目的和研究意义,以及国内外研究现状与存在的不足,研究内容,研究重点、难点及创新之处,为后续论述做好铺垫。本文选题来源主要是源自对博士生承担的两项中国科协科研项目内容的思考与深化研究。本研究的理论意义在于通过基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育研究,试图完善突发事件与思想政治教育的理论体系,进一步推动思想政治教育学的理论创新与发展。本研究的实践意义主要表现在：第一,帮助高校科学应对当前各类突发事件,加强我国公共危机管理；第二,加强和改进党的思想政治工作,构建社会主义和谐社会；第三,了解剖析突发事件对大学生意识形态的影响,改进与加强大学生思想政治教育实践。
第二章突发事件与大学生思想政治教育概论。首先,从突发事件的概念分析入手,总结突发事件的一般特征与新时期突发事件的新特征。一般来说,突发事件具有突然发生、难以预料、复杂关联、普遍关注、处理紧急、严重危害、影响滞后的特征,新时期突发事件又呈现出数量多、传播快,紧扣民生问题,伴随谣言,危机政府信誉等新特征。目前,我国突发事件呈现出了高发频发的趋势,灾害疫情,事故灾难,食品安全等问题尤为突出,突发事件造成的重大的人员伤亡、巨大的社会损耗、严重的心理影响、政府形象的损耗和对社会稳定的影响是无法估量的,同时也危及到大学生的政治信仰、价值观念以及心理健康状况。随后,本文分析了形成的背景、原因,同时对社会突发事件与高校校园突发事件进行了分类归纳。在体制改革与杜会转型带来的冲击,网络媒体时代带来的全新变革,多元文化与西方强势文化的影响的大背景下,突发事件的形成原因是多方面的,外部原因主要表现在自然环境变化加剧,经济社会发展不平衡,价值观呈现出多元化,法制与监管相对滞后；内部原因主要表现在不科学的改造自然,公民科学素质低下,封建迷信思想,崇尚伪权威,网络平台的谣言散播,社会心理演变与媒体不实报道等。与此同时,国外敌对势力的渗透与破坏,社会热点焦点问题,改革发展探索作中的失误与困难,大学生自身的利益受到侵犯以及青年学生自身的弱点被利用等都是导致突发事件对大学生思想行为造成影响的原因。在突发事件的背景下,大学生思想政治教育是我们党的思想政治工作的重要组成部分,我党一贯重视从思想上、政治上教育引导大学生健康成长,新时期大学生呈现出了矛盾性、多元性、功利性、自主性交融的新特点,全球化、市场化、信息化的挑战,传统教育观念与手段落后都对突发事件背景下大学生思想政治教育提出了新的挑战。
第三章突发事件与大学生思想政治教育的联系。本章主要试图在分析思想政治教育介入突发事件的理论基础的前提下,分析突发事件与大学生思想政治教育二者之间的关系。马克思主义哲学中的必然性与偶然性关系原理和质量互变规律、人的本质的学说、物质与意识辩证关系原理、社会存在决定社会意识原理为大学生思想政治教育介入突发事件研究提供了科学的世界观和方法论基础,马克思主义政治经济学理论、科学社会主义理论同样提供了相关的理论指导。同时,西方国家具有代表性的理论,如心理危机干预理论与危机管理学理论,思想政治教育学中的的教育环境论、社会适应理论、人格自律理论,以及我国的突发事件应急工作体系也为本研究提供了相应的心理学、管理学、思想政治教育及法律上理论支持。通过分析突发事件与大学生思想政治教育的关系得出,大学生思想政治教育可以有效的维护社会稳定、发挥社会动员、为大学生提供精神支持,是化解突发事件的有效手段；同时,突发事件为大学生思想政治教育提供适宜环境、事件性契机与丰富素材,能够有效的促进大学生思想政治教育效果的提升,为大学生思想政治教育方法论研究提供新思路,二者是一种互促互进的关系。
第四章基于突发事件开展大学生思想政治教育的现状与经验。首先通过问卷调查,了解大学生关注社会热点焦点问题的类型及途径,对社会热点焦点问题的基本看法。接着对高校应对突发事件的基本状况进行分析,总的来说目前高校应对突发事件的危机意识有所增强,应急预案设立普遍增多,制度逐步完善,普遍组建临时应对突发事件的处理机构,且注重阻隔不良信息的传播,但同时也存在许多问题,如重应对轻预防、缺乏迅速及时的信息沟通渠道、未建立系统的应急教育体系等,尤其是思想政治教育在突发事件应对过程中的教育内容缺失尤为明显。随后,通过分析了我党在基于突发事件开展思想政治教育的经验与教训和美国高校应急管理的相关经验后,得出对我国高校应对突发事件改进大学生思想政治教育的启示与借鉴。
第五章基于突发事件的高校应急教育。首先,分析了开展基于突发事件的高校应急教育的紧迫性,主要源自多元文化对大学生核心价值观塑造产生冲击,真相不明与媒介恐慌对大学生科学认知产生阻碍,社会负面影响对大学生政治认同感产生动摇,突发事件易引发大规模学生群体性事件,高等教育大众化背景下大学生自我认同感下降,亟需从思想上、科学普及上、政治上、管理上对大学生进行疏导与教育,发挥大学生在公众中的表率与积极作用。其次,根据社会现状与马斯洛的需求层次理论,本文将针对突发事件开展的高校应急教育的内容划分为了应急生命教育、应急科普教育、应急心理健康教育、应急思想政治教育和奉献教育这五个层次,通过提高预见性、体系常态化、应对多样化、培养后备军的策略进行实施。随后,通过分析大确立了大学生思想政治教育应贯穿高校应急教育全过程的定位。
第六章基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育体系。本章集中论述了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的目标、内容、方法、制度等的问题,针对基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的特殊性,对其体系构建进行较深入的理论分析。具体分析了基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育的总体目标与过程性目标,在实施过程中遵循人本性、差异性、务实性、效率性、科学性的基本原则,以社会主义核心价值体系、心理健康教育、法律法规教育、安全教育、网络思想政治教育为主要教育内容,通过理论教育、案例强化、心理辅导、榜样激励、实践体验等多样的教育方法,促进思想政治教育在突发事件背景中的效果实施。
第七章基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育路径分析。根据前面六章的理论与实践分析,本章从学校层面与社会层面提出了路径建设的思路。就高校而言,第一,继续加强和谐校园建设,建立应急预案；第二,发挥课堂主渠道的作用,加强案例的补充更新；第三,根据高校自身特点与学科优势,积极运用党团组织、学生社团等活动载体开展体验学习;第四,加强网络舆论的监控与引导,增强学生对反动、虚假、煽动信息的识别与阻断能力；第五,深化大学生心理健康教育,加强阶段式的心理干预；第六,搭建基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育资源共享平台,完善资源利用、更新与评估机制；第七,加强思想政治教育队伍建设,提高理论水平,创新工作的方法与手段。就社会而言,应当发挥政府管理、大众传媒、法规建设以及社会力量在基于突发事件的大学生思想政治教育中的合力,提高公民科学素养,营造良好的舆论氛围,维护政府形象,促进社会和谐。
第八章是结语。本章对全文的观点、创新点及研究的局限性作出总结。
Since reform and opening up, our country has entered the new transforming period of economy and society. At the same time, the market economy and multiculturalism also brought some passive influence. The problems caused by emergency give great influence on college students in many aspects such as thoughts and behaviors. General secretary Hu Jintao pointed out in the convention for celebrating the90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China:"Young people represent the future of both China and its people. They also represent the future and hope of our Party." The young college students in the crucial stage of growth belong to immature group on the psychological quality and political quality. They have certain blindness in focusing on emergency, and have a tendency to allow themselves to be used by the reactionary forces. The young college students without timely education and guide easily lead to very serious consequences for school management and social stability. Universities shoulder the task to train the builders and successor of motherland, and emergencies have highlighted the new tasks and new challenges of university ideological and political education work. Thus, this research investigated the new period of college ideological and political education theory and practice based on emergencies, summed up the experience, analyzed the problems, explored the reasons, and proposed the construction strategy, based on the combination of emergencies and the theory and practice of college ideological and political education, to provide some useful reference for the practical work and operational guidance, to provide more direct and abundant case support for the theory of ideological and political education to respond to emergencies in the future, to enhance the predictability and effectiveness of ideological and political education work, and to maintain social and campus security and stability.
This research will be undertaken from the theory and practice aspects, focusing on the investigating the present situation and problems of the ideological and political education to deal with emergencies in colleges, making clear the connotation, development, enlightenments, present situation, problems, element, goal setting, content, form, method innovation, the process of running and implementing ways of the college ideological and political education based on emergencies. Based on the domestic and international experience, it constructed the emergency education system in colleges and universities. This paper will take further research on the emergency and theory of college ideological and political education, according to the related Marxism theory, the crisis management theory, psychology, and ideological and political education, it analyzed the relationship between emergency and college ideological and political education, then on the basis of practical research, selected the sample area in universities in Wuhan to survey of a small scale. Through investigation to understand contemporary college students' awareness of social hot issues, analyzed the change of their world view, society outlook, view of life, values and the problems in dealing with emergencies in colleges. The relevant conclusions are drawn on the basis of historical study and international comparison. On the basis of theoretical research and the present situation analysis, this paper has presented the emergency education system, and finally puts forward the mode and realization path of the ideological and political education based on the emergency.
The whole article is divided into eight chapters to discuss the above issues, the specific content can be summarized as follows:
The first chapter introduces the topic source, purpose and significance of this article, the current situation and existing problems in the foreign research, the research content, the key points and difficulties and innovative points, in order to pave the way for the subsequent research. The selected topic source of this article mainly comes from the thinking and deepening of two projects initiated by China association for science and technology research for PhD students. The theoretical significance of this study is based on emergency ideological and political education research, trying to perfect emergency and the theoretical system of ideological and political education, and to promote the theoretical innovation and development of ideological and political education. The practical significance of this study mainly lies in:first, help colleges and universities deal with the current of all kinds of emergencies, and strengthen the public crisis management in our country; Second, improve the party's ideological and political work and build a harmonious socialist society; Third, analyze the influence of college students'ideological caused by emergency, and strengthen ideological and political education practice.
The second chapter introduces the emergency and the college students' ideological and political education. First of all, from the analysis on the concept of emergency, the general characteristics of emergency and new characteristics of unexpected events in the new period are summarized. In general, the emergency has the features of sudden, unpredictable, complex associated, common concerned, urgent, damaging, lagged effect, in new period, the emergency also presents the new features of having a large number, spreading rapidly, closely linking to people's livelihood problem, accompanying rumors, jeopardizing the prestige and authority of the local government. At present, the emergency reveals a trend of high frequency, especially the outbreak of disasters, accidents disasters, food safety issues, etc. The great casualties, huge social loss, serious psychological impact, and government image damage caused by emergency have serious impact on social stability, which also endanger the college students' political beliefs, values, and mental health. Then, this article analyzes the background and reasons of emergency, at the same time, the social events and campus emergencies are classified. Under the background of the impact of system reform and social transformation, the new changes brought by the network media, the influence of multi-culture and western dominant culture, the formation reason of the emergency are various. The external reasons are the changes in the natural environment, the imbalance of economic development, the diversification of value views, the relative backwardness of law supervision; The internal reasons are the unscientific transforming nature, the low citizens scientific quality, the feudal superstition, the advocating false authority, rumor spread in network platform, the evolution of social psychology and media inaccurate reports, etc. At the same time, the penetration and destruction of foreign hostile forces, the social hot issues, the failures and difficulties in reform and development, the violation of college students'interests, and the students own vulnerabilities are all the cause of leading emergency to affect college students thoughts and actions. Under the background of the emergency, the ideological and political education is an important part of ideological and political work of our party. Our party has always attached great importance to educating and guiding the college students to grow healthy from ideological and political aspects. In the new period, college students present the contradiction, diversity, utilitarian, and autonomy blend. The challenges of globalization, marketization, informationization, and the lags of traditional education ideas and methods all put forward new challenges for college students'ideological and political education based on emergency.
The third chapter expounds the relationship between the emergency and the college students'ideological and political education. This chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between emergencies and college students' ideological and political education. In Marxist philosophy, the principle of relationship between inevitability and contingency, the law of mutual change of quality and quantity, the theory on nature of human beings, the principle of dialectical relationship between material and consciousness, and the principle of social existence determines social consciousness provide the scientific world outlook and methodology foundation for the research of college students'ideological and political education intervened in emergency, Marxist political economics theory and scientific socialism theory also provide the related theoretical guidance. Meanwhile, the representative theories in western countries are the psychological crisis intervention theory, the crisis management theory, the theory of education environmental, social adaptability, self-discipline personality in the pedagogic of ideological politics. In addition, the work of emergency system in our country also provides the theory support to this research in psychology, management, ideological and political education, and law. By analyzing the relationship between the emergency and the college students' ideological and political education, the college students' ideological and political education can stabilize society, mobilize the social strength, provide the spirit support for undergraduates. It is the effective means to resolve the emergency. In the meantime, emergency provides the suitable environment, opportunity and rich material for college students' ideological and political education. It could effectively promote the upgrade of the effect of the ideological and political education, and provide new insights.
The fourth chapter introduces the history and present situation and the problems of the college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. First, the type of social hot issues, the way to spread, and the basic views of social hot issues are found out through the questionnaire survey. Then the basic situation of responding to emergencies in colleges and universities are analyzed. In general, the urgency sense of colleges to respond to emergencies is enhanced. The emergency program is generally increased. The temporary emergency disposal organization usually be set up, and colleges pay attention to cut off the spread of bad information. At the same time there are also many problems, such as the tendency towards conflict resolution rather than prevention, lack of the fast and timely information communication system, the systematic emergency education system has not been established, especially the lack of education content for ideological and political education in the process of emergency response. Then, this chapter analyzes the experiences and lessons of our party to carry out the ideological and political education based on emergency, and the relevant experience of campus emergency management in the United States, providing some inspirations and references for the improvement of our college students'ideological and political education to respond to the emergency incidents.
The fifth chapter focus on the emergency education in colleges. First of all, the urgency of carrying out the emergency education in colleges is analyzed in the following aspects: multicultural impact on college students' core values, unknown truth and media panic impede college students' science cognition, social negative influence shake college students' political identity, emergency easy to cause the group incidents of college students, and the college students'sense of self-identity is decreased under the background of popularization of higher education. The college students need to be guided and educated from ideology, politics, and management, giving full play to the students' leading and active role in the public. Second, according to the social reality and The Demand Theory by Maslow, this article divides the contents of emergency education in colleges into five categories:emergency life education, emergency science education, emergency mental health education, emergency ideological and political education, and dedication education. The emergency education is carried out by improving the predictability, normalizing system, coping in many ways, cultivating the reserve force. The position of ideological and political education which should be throughout the whole process of emergency education in colleges is established by analyzing the function of ideological and political education in colleges emergency education system.
The sixth chapter expounds the system of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. This chapter focuses on the target, content, and method system of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency, for the particularity of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency, an more in-depth theoretical analysis of its system construction is adopted. This chapter analyzes the overall objectives and the process-oriented targets of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. The college students'ideological and political education follows the principles of human nature, striving for realism, efficiency, science, and coordination during the process. The main contents of education are the socialist core value system education, mental health education, laws and regulations education, safety education, network ideological and political education, and the main educational methods are the theory education method, case-study method, psychological counseling method, example inspired method, practical experience method, promoting the implementation effect of college students' ideological and political education in the background of emergency.
The seventh chapter focus on the path analysis of college students'ideological and political education based on emergency. According to the theory and practice analysis of front six chapters, this chapter from the school level and social level proposes the train of thought for path construction. In terms of colleges, first, continue to strengthen the construction of harmonious campus, and to establish contingency plans; Second, give full play to the role of classroom teaching as a main avenue, and strengthen the complementary case updates; Third, according to the characteristics of colleges and scientific advantage, actively use Party and League organization, and student groups to carry out the experiential learning; Fourth, strengthen the monitor and guide of the network public opinion, and strengthen students'recognition and block ability to the false, inciting, and reactionary information; Fifth, deepen college students'mental health education, and strengthen the staged psychological intervention; Sixth, construct sharing platform for college students'ideological and political education resources, and improve the resource utilization, update and evaluation mechanism; Seventh, strengthen the team construction of ideological and political education, and improve the level of theory, innovative work methods and means. In terms of society, give play to the role of the government management, mass media, laws and regulations construction, and social forces in the college students'ideological and political education based on emergency to improve the citizens' scientific literacy, create a good public opinion atmosphere, protect government image, and promote social harmony.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion.This chapter makes a summary for the main point,the innovations and the limitations of this paper.
引文
① 纪宝成.从“非典”防控看高校的危机管理[J].中国高教研究,2003,(8)：3-6.
① 任皓,吴排平,叶秀芬.基于知识管理系统的应急管理研究[J].西南石油大学学报(社会科学版),2011(4)：80-83.
② 孙浩森.突发事件应急机制问题研究[J].山东工商学院学报,2009(2)：62-64.
③ 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg/2007-08/30/content_732593.htm, 2007-8-30.
① 国家突发公共事件总体应急预案[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/yjgl/2005-08/07/content_21048.htm,2005-8-7.
① 张爱萍.突发事件对大学生心理健康影响状况研究[J].中国青年研究,2011(4)：114-116.
② 刘泽奖,赵楷,刘妍君.网络条件下突发事件对大学生心理的影响及其对策[J].思想教育研究,2010(11)：102-105.
① 任兆璋,贾肖明.突发事件中网络对大学生的影响[J].新闻爱好者,2003(10)：26-27.
② 韩秋莹.重大突发事件大学生心理危机干预研究[J].中国成人教育,2010(16)：62-63.
③ 陈燕.新传播环境下高校突发事件的舆情传播与舆论引导[J].新闻知识,2011(5)：35-37.
④ 陈光.提升高校应对突发事件能力的十大路径[J].教育研究,2010(7)：104-111.
⑤ 姜飞燕,刘淑华,杨宏.关于高校应对突发事件的法律思考[J].教育与职业,2010(7)：39-41.
① 陈光.论高校突发事件预警机制的建构[J].教育研究,2011(3)：106-109.
② 禹竹蕊.论高校突发事件应急预案核心价值的实现[J].黑龙江高教研究,2011(7)：68-70.
③ 檀传宝.学校道德教育原理[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000：
④ 郑永廷.现代思想道德教育理论与方法[M].广州：广东高等教育出版社,2000：105,109
⑤ 万美容.试论主体性道德教育模式的基本特征[J].学校党建与思想教育,2001(10)：16-18.
⑥ 李伯黍,岑国桢.道德发展与德育模式[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,1999.
⑦ 黄松鹤.道德教育过程模式论[M].北京：华龄出版社,2000.
⑧ 万美容.思想政治教育方法发展研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2007.
① 刘伟.突发事件背景下应急思想政治教育研究[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2010(1)：45-48.
① 李成学.邓小平稳定思想对高校应对突发事件的启示[J].毛泽东思想研究,2010(7)：122-125.
② 杨建义.大学生思想政治教育路径研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社’2009.
③ 刘建军,朱喜坤、思想政治教育在应对突发事件中的作用[J].学校党建与思想教育,2003(6)：9-12.
④ 马丽.思政工作在突发事件中的功能和作为[J].思想教育研究,2003(6)：8-10.
⑤ 饶武元,程样国.社会转型期思想政治工作预防突发事件的方法探析[J].求实,2011(2)：74-76
⑥ 杜旭宇.应对突发事件的思想政治教育动员机制分析[J].求实,2010(9)：74-77.
⑦ 辛向阳.重大突发事件与改革开放新时期马克思主义中国化理论创新[J].马克思主义研究’2009,(7)：99-106.
⑧ 卢岚.论后突发事件的思想政治教育[J].武汉理工大学学报(社科版),2010,(4)：475-481.
⑨ 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011.
① 崔小璐,陈小琼.大学生思想政治教育应对突发公共事件有效性研究[J].思想理论教育导刊,2010,(10)：84-89.
② 李晓玉,张程.新时期高等学校预防与处理突发事件刍议[J].理论月刊,2010,(11)：120-123.
③ 董伟武,胡玲.高校突发事件中思想政治教育的干预路径[J].教育评论,2011,(3)：55-57.
④ 白书祥应对突发事件的思想政治教育舆论导向机制建设探析[J]探索,2010,(3)：134-137.
⑤ 刘优良.从“9.11”恐怖袭击谈突发事件的报道[J].湖南大众传媒职业技术学院学报2002,(2)：68-70.
⑥ 参正言.抗击非典对做好重大突发事件思想政治工作的有益启示[J].思想政治工作研究,2003,(10)：9-11.
⑦ 程洪宝.突发事件应急处置的思想政治教育保证机制探析[J]求实,2010,(6)：80-83.
⑧ 林佩云.钟向阳,杨利江.高校辅导员应对突发事件的思路与方法探析[J].教育与职业,2009,(12)：166-167
⑨ 员智凯,余明远.国际突发事件与大学生思想政治教育应对[J].教育评论,2011,(5)：57-59.
① 周立军.思想政治教育价值与高校突发事件善后治理机制研究[J].思想教育研究,2011,(2)：108-111.
② 杜旭宇.应对突发事件的思想政治教育动员机制分析[J]求实,010,(9)：74-77.
③ 王鸿.高校突发事件应对中的思想政治教育机制构建——以高校社会性突发事件为例[J].教育学术月刊,2011,(5)：61-64.
④ 王成平,周德贵,魏巍.论高校公共突发事件防控及处置工作中的思想政治工作接受机制的构建[J].教育探索,2007,(10)：106-107.
⑤ (美)诺曼·R.奥古斯丁等.危机管理.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001.
⑥ (澳)罗伯特·希斯.危机管理.王成,宋炳辉,金瑛译.北京：中信出版社,2004.
① C.F.Herman. International Crises:Insights from Behavioral Research [M]. New York:FreePress. Morse,E.L.,1972
② Richard Shultz,Jr.Stephen Sloan,et al. Responding to the Terrorist Threat:Security and Crisis Management[M]. NewYork:Paragon Press,1980,134-173
③ JohnJ.Burnett,A strategica approach to crisis[J].Public Relations Review,1998,24 (4):457-488
④ Robert Heath.Dealing with the complete crisis:management shell strueture[J].SafetyScience,1998, (30):139-150
⑤ Franeis J.Marra.Crisis communication plan:Poor predictors of exeellent crisis public relations[J].Pubilic Relaitons Review.1998,24 (4):461-474
⑥ Birch,J. New Factors in crisis planning and restonse[J].Public Relations Quarterly,1994,39:31-34.
⑦ GuthD.W.Organizational experience and public relations [J].Publie Relations Review,1995,21 (2):123-136.
① Robert Heath.Crisis Management for Managers and Executives[M]. Financial Times Professional Limited,1997.
② W.Timothy Coombs. Ongoing Crisis Communication Planning,Managing and responding[M].New York:Saga Publication, Inc,1999.
③ StevenFlnk.Crisis Management:Planning for the Invisible [M]. New York:Ameriean Management Association, 1986,15.
④ Mitroff.L. Crisis Management and Environmentalism:A Natural Confliet[J].California Management Review, 1994,36(2):101-113.
⑤ 诺曼.R,奥克斯丁等.危机管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,哈佛商学院出版社,2001.
⑥ Lenneal J. Henderson. Public Organization Review[J]. A Global Journal,2004,4:103-119.
① 辞源(第一部)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1979：121.
② 现代汉语词典[M]..北京：商务印书馆,2002,
③ 国家突发公共事件总体应急预案.2006-01-08.
④ UK Government Advice on Definition of an Emergency.Retrieved on 2007-05-30.
① 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法.2007-08-30.
② 郭研实.国家公务员应对突发事件的能力[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005：1
③ 任生德等.哲学[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1991：190-191.
④ 中国新闻网：2003-6-24.
⑤ 赵伟鹏,戴元祥.政府公共关系理论与实践[M].天津：天津人民出版社,2001：402.
① 新浪网.南京《周末》：北京上海广州重庆南京非典舆情调查[EB/OL].http://www.sina.com.cn.2003-05-15
① 2010年全国各类自然灾害共造成4.3亿人次受灾[EB/OL].http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/201107/22/t20110722_22557032.shtml,2012-07-22.
② 姬璨瓅.绷紧安全驾驶这根生命之弦[J].交通世界(运输.车辆).2011,(7).
① 菅强.中国突发事件报告[M].北京：中国时代经济出版社,2009：8-9.
② 叶皓.突发事件的舆论引导[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2009.03：22-23.
① 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009.05：27.
② 熊光清.当前中国社会风险形成的原因及其基本对策[J].教学与研究,2006,(7)：17-22
① 中共中央文献研究室.江泽民论有中国特色社会主义[M].北京：中央文献出版社出版,2002.
② [英]拉尔夫·达尔道夫.现代社会冲突[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2000：3.
① 新华网.中国青年报：82.4%的人认为洪灾肆虐缘于自然环境遭破坏[EB/OL]. www.news.cn,2010-07-27.
① 中央政府门户网站.卫生部举行《首次中国居民健康素养调查》发布会[EB/OL].www.gov.cn,2009-12-18.
① 古斯塔夫·勒庞.乌合之众：大众心理研究[M].南昌：江西人民出版社,2010.9：14-23.
① 郭研实.国家公务员应对突发事件能力[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005：4.
② 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法.2007-08-30.
③ 朱力.走出社会矛盾冲突的漩涡[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2012：11
① 李聚山.新时期思想政治工作[M].北京：中国方正出版社.2009：6.
② 张蔚萍.面向新世纪的思想政治工作『M].北京：中共党史出版社,2003：145.
③ 张宝君.90后大学生教育管理探微[J].学校党建与思想教育,2009(7)：75-76.
① 陈光.高校突发事件应对策略论[M].北京：光明日报出版社,2011：123.
① 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009.05：36.
② 李秀林等.辩证唯物主义历史唯物主义原理(第五版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004：175.
③ 李秀林等.辩证唯物主义历史唯物主义原理(第五版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004：175.
① 马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：251.
② 马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1956：82.
③ 马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：254
④ 马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1957：103.
⑤ 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009：37.
① 李寒梅.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究的理论基础[J].山东理工大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(11).
② 沙莲香.社会心理学[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001：314.
③ Gilliland, R.K.James著,肖水源等译：危机干预策略[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2000：26.
④ Gilliland, R.K.James著,肖水源等译：危机干预策略[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2000：26-27.
⑤ Gilliland, R.K.James著,肖水源等译：危机干预策略[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2000：27.
① 刘新民.重大灾难性事件的心理救助：突发事件心理救援与心理干预手册[M]..北京：人民卫生出版社,2008：3-4.
② 刘新民.重大灾难性事件的心理救助：突发事件心理救援与心理干预手册[M]..北京：人民卫生出版社,2008：3-4.
③ 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社2009：11.
① 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社2009：14.
② 刘伟.突发事件应急法制中的思想政治教育设置评析[J].湖北社会科学,2012(9)：167-170.
① 叶皓.突发事件的舆论引导[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2009：24.
② 叶皓.突发事件的舆论引导[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2009：25-26.
① 孙其昂.思想政治工作基本原理[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2002：48.
② 高志青.大学生思想政治教育危机动员探析[J].教育导刊.2012,(1)：42-45
① 李萍.对思想政治教育走出困境的理性审视[J].中国高等教育,2005(17)：19-21.
② 孟子.告子(下)
③ 王曙光.中国经济时报：“非典时代”十大反思[DB/OL].新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/comments/2003-05/19/content_875132.htm,2003-05-19.
① 杨建义.大学生思想政治教育路径研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009：189-190.
② 张梅娟等.情感效应：摆脱思想政治教育困境的新视界[J].思想教育研究,2007(7)：42-45.
① 杨建义.大学生思想政治教育路径研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009：189.
① 李蔚然,丁振国.关于社会热点焦点问题及其科普需求的调研报告[J].科普研究,2013(1)：18-24.
① 崔小璐,陈小琼.大学生思想政治教育应对突发公共事件有效性研究[J].思想理论教育导刊,2010,(10)：84-89.
① 马克思恩格斯全集(第十五卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1963：545.
② 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史上重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011,3：15-16
③ 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史上重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：131.
① 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史上重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：287.
① 程美东主编.透视当代中国重大突发事件1949-2005[M].北京：中共党史出版社,2008：131-133.
② 程美东主编.透视当代中国重大突发事件1949-2005[M].北京：中共党史出版社,2008：134-136.
③ 振作奋斗意志,抚平精神创伤[N].人民日报,2008-6-13.
① 教育部思想政治工作司组编.走进美国高校学生事务管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2011.
① 杨明生.公众应急教育亟待与时俱进[N].光明日报,2011-03-22：02.
① 敖洁,邓治文等.大学生自我认同的状况与特征研究[J].教育研究与实验,2009,(3)：93-96.
② 张晨.女大学生成了媒体追逐的噱头[N].中国青年报,2006-12-07：05.
① 计雷,池宏,陈安等.突发事件应急管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：8.
② 李蔚然.基于社会热点焦点问题的高校应急教育探析[J].湖北社会科学.2012,(11)：179-182.
① 我国公民科学素质与欧美相比排名垫底[N].中国青年报’2010-9-28.
② 中国科协主席韩启德呼吁面对社会焦点热点问题科技工作者不能选择沉默或者逃避[M.中国青年报,2010-11-02：07.
③ 韩启德.转变与创新中的科普工作[J].科技导报,2010,(23)：3.
① 胡锦涛在庆祝清华大学建校100周年大会上的讲话[N].人民日报,2011-04-25：01.
① 刘建军.论思想政治教育的十八个转变[J].思想政治教育研究,2010,(4)：13-19.
① 邓小平文选(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993：300.
② 邓小平文选(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993：212.
① 漆小萍.大学生危机事件管理[M].广州：中山大学出版社2009：55.
① 熊永华,周贵忠,杨卫军.浅谈预防和处置高校突发事件[J].党史文苑.2005(6)：67-68.
① 廖小明.浅谈思想政治教育对突发事件的介入[J].求实,2003(6)：51-53.
② 蔡晓星,司晓博,许斌.维护高校安全稳定综合防控体系建设研究——基于高校突发事件的应对与处置研究[J].法律与社会,2009,(11).
① 列宁选集(第1卷)[M]..北京：人民出版社,1960：247.
① 郑永廷.思想政治教育学科研究重点与难点辨析[J].思想教育研究,2007,(5):3-7.
① 邓小平文选(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993：267.
① 陈飞.论体验式思想政治教育[J].教育评论,2010,(3)：64-66.
② 长江日报.中国地质大学教授：50亿年后才可能有世界末日[EB/OL].人民网http://hb.people.com.cn/. 2012-12-17.
① 王茂涛.浅析突发事件中思想政治工作开展的方法[J].法制与社会,2009,(1).
① 毕文章,法制日报：净化网络世界需要网络红军[EB/OL].广东白云学院http://www.bvtc.edu.cn/.2013-03-12.
② 崔小璐,陈小琼.大学生思想政治教育应对突发公共事件有效性研究[J].思想理论教育导刊,2010(10)：84-89.
① 代玉启.思想政治教育应对群体性事件的微观机制[J].学校党建与思想教育.2012(11)：15-17
① 程宝洪.应对突发事件的思想政治教育直接处置机制探析[J].理论导刊,2010,(3).
② 中国人民武装警察部队学院管理系课题组.应对突发事件的思想政治教育机制设计[J].思想教育研究,2010,(5).
① 中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定,第六条第三点,2004年9月.
② 姚刚.公共危机管理中的思想政治教育模式探析[J]河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,(7)：55-57.
③ 骆明.我市开始安装应急科普宣教和预警信息发布系统[N].贵阳日报.2011-12-23.
① 刘伟.危机管理体系中的思想政治教育：现状反思与进路[J].理论与改革,2012,(9).
② 刘伟.危机管理体系中的思想政治教育[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2012,(6)：46-50.
① 刘滢.他们是怎样“粉碎”核辐射谣言的——民间科普组织“科学松鼠会”的启示[J].中国记者,2011,(4).
① 任皓,吴排平,叶秀芬.基于知识管理系统的应急管理研究[J].西南石油大学学报(社会科学版),2011(4)：80-83.
② 孙浩森.突发事件应急机制问题研究[J].山东工商学院学报,2009(2)：62-64.
③ 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法[EB/OL]. http://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg/2007-08/30/content_732593.htm, 2007-8-30.
① 国家突发公共事件总体应急预案[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/yjgl/2005-08/07/content_21048.htm,2005-8-7.
① 张爱萍.突发事件对大学生心理健康影响状况研究[J].中国青年研究,2011(4)：114-116.
② 刘泽奖,赵楷,刘妍君.网络条件下突发事件对大学生心理的影响及其对策[J].思想教育研究,2010(11)：102-105.
① 任兆璋,贾肖明.突发事件中网络对大学生的影响[J].新闻爱好者,2003(10)：26-27.
② 韩秋莹.重大突发事件大学生心理危机干预研究[J].中国成人教育,2010(16)：62-63.
③ 陈燕.新传播环境下高校突发事件的舆情传播与舆论引导[J].新闻知识,2011(5)：35-37.
④ 陈光.提升高校应对突发事件能力的十大路径[J].教育研究,2010(7)：104-111.
⑤ 姜飞燕,刘淑华,杨宏.关于高校应对突发事件的法律思考[J].教育与职业,2010(7)：39-41.
① 陈光.论高校突发事件预警机制的建构[J].教育研究,2011(3)：106-109.
② 禹竹蕊.论高校突发事件应急预案核心价值的实现[J].黑龙江高教研究,2011(7)：68-70.
③ 檀传宝.学校道德教育原理[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2000：
④ 郑永廷.现代思想道德教育理论与方法[M].广州：广东高等教育出版社,2000：105,109
⑤ 万美容.试论主体性道德教育模式的基本特征[J].学校党建与思想教育,2001(10)：16-18.
⑥ 李伯黍,岑国桢.道德发展与德育模式[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,1999.
⑦ 黄松鹤.道德教育过程模式论[M].北京：华龄出版社,2000.
⑧ 万美容.思想政治教育方法发展研究[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2007.
① 刘伟.突发事件背景下应急思想政治教育研究[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2010(1)：45-48.
① 李成学.邓小平稳定思想对高校应对突发事件的启示[J].毛泽东思想研究,2010(7)：122-125.
② 杨建义.大学生思想政治教育路径研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社’2009.
③ 刘建军,朱喜坤、思想政治教育在应对突发事件中的作用[J].学校党建与思想教育,2003(6)：9-12.
④ 马丽.思政工作在突发事件中的功能和作为[J].思想教育研究,2003(6)：8-10.
⑤ 饶武元,程样国.社会转型期思想政治工作预防突发事件的方法探析[J].求实,2011(2)：74-76
⑥ 杜旭宇.应对突发事件的思想政治教育动员机制分析[J].求实,2010(9)：74-77.
⑦ 辛向阳.重大突发事件与改革开放新时期马克思主义中国化理论创新[J].马克思主义研究’2009,(7)：99-106.
⑧ 卢岚.论后突发事件的思想政治教育[J].武汉理工大学学报(社科版),2010,(4)：475-481.
⑨ 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011.
① 崔小璐,陈小琼.大学生思想政治教育应对突发公共事件有效性研究[J].思想理论教育导刊,2010,(10)：84-89.
② 李晓玉,张程.新时期高等学校预防与处理突发事件刍议[J].理论月刊,2010,(11)：120-123.
③ 董伟武,胡玲.高校突发事件中思想政治教育的干预路径[J].教育评论,2011,(3)：55-57.
④ 白书祥应对突发事件的思想政治教育舆论导向机制建设探析[J]探索,2010,(3)：134-137.
⑤ 刘优良.从“9.11”恐怖袭击谈突发事件的报道[J].湖南大众传媒职业技术学院学报2002,(2)：68-70.
⑥ 参正言.抗击非典对做好重大突发事件思想政治工作的有益启示[J].思想政治工作研究,2003,(10)：9-11.
⑦ 程洪宝.突发事件应急处置的思想政治教育保证机制探析[J]求实,2010,(6)：80-83.
⑧ 林佩云.钟向阳,杨利江.高校辅导员应对突发事件的思路与方法探析[J].教育与职业,2009,(12)：166-167
⑨ 员智凯,余明远.国际突发事件与大学生思想政治教育应对[J].教育评论,2011,(5)：57-59.
① 周立军.思想政治教育价值与高校突发事件善后治理机制研究[J].思想教育研究,2011,(2)：108-111.
② 杜旭宇.应对突发事件的思想政治教育动员机制分析[J]求实,010,(9)：74-77.
③ 王鸿.高校突发事件应对中的思想政治教育机制构建——以高校社会性突发事件为例[J].教育学术月刊,2011,(5)：61-64.
④ 王成平,周德贵,魏巍.论高校公共突发事件防控及处置工作中的思想政治工作接受机制的构建[J].教育探索,2007,(10)：106-107.
⑤ (美)诺曼·R.奥古斯丁等.危机管理.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001.
⑥ (澳)罗伯特·希斯.危机管理.王成,宋炳辉,金瑛译.北京：中信出版社,2004.
① C.F.Herman. International Crises:Insights from Behavioral Research [M]. New York:FreePress. Morse,E.L.,1972
② Richard Shultz,Jr.Stephen Sloan,et al. Responding to the Terrorist Threat:Security and Crisis Management[M]. NewYork:Paragon Press,1980,134-173
③ JohnJ.Burnett,A strategica approach to crisis[J].Public Relations Review,1998,24 (4):457-488
④ Robert Heath.Dealing with the complete crisis:management shell strueture[J].SafetyScience,1998, (30):139-150
⑤ Franeis J.Marra.Crisis communication plan:Poor predictors of exeellent crisis public relations[J].Pubilic Relaitons Review.1998,24 (4):461-474
⑥ Birch,J. New Factors in crisis planning and restonse[J].Public Relations Quarterly,1994,39:31-34.
⑦ GuthD.W.Organizational experience and public relations [J].Publie Relations Review,1995,21 (2):123-136.
① Robert Heath.Crisis Management for Managers and Executives[M]. Financial Times Professional Limited,1997.
② W.Timothy Coombs. Ongoing Crisis Communication Planning,Managing and responding[M].New York:Saga Publication, Inc,1999.
③ StevenFlnk.Crisis Management:Planning for the Invisible [M]. New York:Ameriean Management Association, 1986,15.
④ Mitroff.L. Crisis Management and Environmentalism:A Natural Confliet[J].California Management Review, 1994,36(2):101-113.
⑤ 诺曼.R,奥克斯丁等.危机管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,哈佛商学院出版社,2001.
⑥ Lenneal J. Henderson. Public Organization Review[J]. A Global Journal,2004,4:103-119.
① 辞源(第一部)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1979：121.
② 现代汉语词典[M]..北京：商务印书馆,2002,
③ 国家突发公共事件总体应急预案.2006-01-08.
④ UK Government Advice on Definition of an Emergency.Retrieved on 2007-05-30.
① 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法.2007-08-30.
② 郭研实.国家公务员应对突发事件的能力[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005：1
③ 任生德等.哲学[M].北京：经济科学出版社,1991：190-191.
④ 中国新闻网：2003-6-24.
⑤ 赵伟鹏,戴元祥.政府公共关系理论与实践[M].天津：天津人民出版社,2001：402.
① 新浪网.南京《周末》：北京上海广州重庆南京非典舆情调查[EB/OL].http://www.sina.com.cn.2003-05-15
① 2010年全国各类自然灾害共造成4.3亿人次受灾[EB/OL].http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/201107/22/t20110722_22557032.shtml,2012-07-22.
② 姬璨瓅.绷紧安全驾驶这根生命之弦[J].交通世界(运输.车辆).2011,(7).
① 菅强.中国突发事件报告[M].北京：中国时代经济出版社,2009：8-9.
② 叶皓.突发事件的舆论引导[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2009.03：22-23.
① 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009.05：27.
② 熊光清.当前中国社会风险形成的原因及其基本对策[J].教学与研究,2006,(7)：17-22
① 中共中央文献研究室.江泽民论有中国特色社会主义[M].北京：中央文献出版社出版,2002.
② [英]拉尔夫·达尔道夫.现代社会冲突[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2000：3.
① 新华网.中国青年报：82.4%的人认为洪灾肆虐缘于自然环境遭破坏[EB/OL]. www.news.cn,2010-07-27.
① 中央政府门户网站.卫生部举行《首次中国居民健康素养调查》发布会[EB/OL].www.gov.cn,2009-12-18.
① 古斯塔夫·勒庞.乌合之众：大众心理研究[M].南昌：江西人民出版社,2010.9：14-23.
① 郭研实.国家公务员应对突发事件能力[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005：4.
② 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法.2007-08-30.
③ 朱力.走出社会矛盾冲突的漩涡[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2012：11
① 李聚山.新时期思想政治工作[M].北京：中国方正出版社.2009：6.
② 张蔚萍.面向新世纪的思想政治工作『M].北京：中共党史出版社,2003：145.
③ 张宝君.90后大学生教育管理探微[J].学校党建与思想教育,2009(7)：75-76.
① 陈光.高校突发事件应对策略论[M].北京：光明日报出版社,2011：123.
① 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009.05：36.
② 李秀林等.辩证唯物主义历史唯物主义原理(第五版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004：175.
③ 李秀林等.辩证唯物主义历史唯物主义原理(第五版)[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2004：175.
① 马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：251.
② 马克思恩格斯全集(第一卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1956：82.
③ 马克思恩格斯全集(第四卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1995：254
④ 马克思恩格斯全集(第二卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1957：103.
⑤ 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2009：37.
① 李寒梅.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究的理论基础[J].山东理工大学学报(社会科学版),2008,(11).
② 沙莲香.社会心理学[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2001：314.
③ Gilliland, R.K.James著,肖水源等译：危机干预策略[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2000：26.
④ Gilliland, R.K.James著,肖水源等译：危机干预策略[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2000：26-27.
⑤ Gilliland, R.K.James著,肖水源等译：危机干预策略[M].北京：中国轻工业出版社,2000：27.
① 刘新民.重大灾难性事件的心理救助：突发事件心理救援与心理干预手册[M]..北京：人民卫生出版社,2008：3-4.
② 刘新民.重大灾难性事件的心理救助：突发事件心理救援与心理干预手册[M]..北京：人民卫生出版社,2008：3-4.
③ 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社2009：11.
① 刘川生.大学生日常思想政治教育实效性研究[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社2009：14.
② 刘伟.突发事件应急法制中的思想政治教育设置评析[J].湖北社会科学,2012(9)：167-170.
① 叶皓.突发事件的舆论引导[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2009：24.
② 叶皓.突发事件的舆论引导[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2009：25-26.
① 孙其昂.思想政治工作基本原理[M].南京：江苏人民出版社,2002：48.
② 高志青.大学生思想政治教育危机动员探析[J].教育导刊.2012,(1)：42-45
① 李萍.对思想政治教育走出困境的理性审视[J].中国高等教育,2005(17)：19-21.
② 孟子.告子(下)
③ 王曙光.中国经济时报：“非典时代”十大反思[DB/OL].新华网,http://news.xinhuanet.com/comments/2003-05/19/content_875132.htm,2003-05-19.
① 杨建义.大学生思想政治教育路径研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009：189-190.
② 张梅娟等.情感效应：摆脱思想政治教育困境的新视界[J].思想教育研究,2007(7)：42-45.
① 杨建义.大学生思想政治教育路径研究[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2009：189.
① 李蔚然,丁振国.关于社会热点焦点问题及其科普需求的调研报告[J].科普研究,2013(1)：18-24.
① 崔小璐,陈小琼.大学生思想政治教育应对突发公共事件有效性研究[J].思想理论教育导刊,2010,(10)：84-89.
① 马克思恩格斯全集(第十五卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1963：545.
② 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史上重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011,3：15-16
③ 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史上重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：131.
① 周凯,祝国超.近现代中国历史上重大事件中的思想政治教育研究[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2011：287.
① 程美东主编.透视当代中国重大突发事件1949-2005[M].北京：中共党史出版社,2008：131-133.
② 程美东主编.透视当代中国重大突发事件1949-2005[M].北京：中共党史出版社,2008：134-136.
③ 振作奋斗意志,抚平精神创伤[N].人民日报,2008-6-13.
① 教育部思想政治工作司组编.走进美国高校学生事务管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2011.
① 杨明生.公众应急教育亟待与时俱进[N].光明日报,2011-03-22：02.
① 敖洁,邓治文等.大学生自我认同的状况与特征研究[J].教育研究与实验,2009,(3)：93-96.
② 张晨.女大学生成了媒体追逐的噱头[N].中国青年报,2006-12-07：05.
① 计雷,池宏,陈安等.突发事件应急管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：8.
② 李蔚然.基于社会热点焦点问题的高校应急教育探析[J].湖北社会科学.2012,(11)：179-182.
① 我国公民科学素质与欧美相比排名垫底[N].中国青年报’2010-9-28.
② 中国科协主席韩启德呼吁面对社会焦点热点问题科技工作者不能选择沉默或者逃避[M.中国青年报,2010-11-02：07.
③ 韩启德.转变与创新中的科普工作[J].科技导报,2010,(23)：3.
① 胡锦涛在庆祝清华大学建校100周年大会上的讲话[N].人民日报,2011-04-25：01.
① 刘建军.论思想政治教育的十八个转变[J].思想政治教育研究,2010,(4)：13-19.
① 邓小平文选(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993：300.
② 邓小平文选(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993：212.
① 漆小萍.大学生危机事件管理[M].广州：中山大学出版社2009：55.
① 熊永华,周贵忠,杨卫军.浅谈预防和处置高校突发事件[J].党史文苑.2005(6)：67-68.
① 廖小明.浅谈思想政治教育对突发事件的介入[J].求实,2003(6)：51-53.
② 蔡晓星,司晓博,许斌.维护高校安全稳定综合防控体系建设研究——基于高校突发事件的应对与处置研究[J].法律与社会,2009,(11).
① 列宁选集(第1卷)[M]..北京：人民出版社,1960：247.
① 郑永廷.思想政治教育学科研究重点与难点辨析[J].思想教育研究,2007,(5):3-7.
① 邓小平文选(第3卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1993：267.
① 陈飞.论体验式思想政治教育[J].教育评论,2010,(3)：64-66.
② 长江日报.中国地质大学教授：50亿年后才可能有世界末日[EB/OL].人民网http://hb.people.com.cn/. 2012-12-17.
① 王茂涛.浅析突发事件中思想政治工作开展的方法[J].法制与社会,2009,(1).
① 毕文章,法制日报：净化网络世界需要网络红军[EB/OL].广东白云学院http://www.bvtc.edu.cn/.2013-03-12.
② 崔小璐,陈小琼.大学生思想政治教育应对突发公共事件有效性研究[J].思想理论教育导刊,2010(10)：84-89.
① 代玉启.思想政治教育应对群体性事件的微观机制[J].学校党建与思想教育.2012(11)：15-17
① 程宝洪.应对突发事件的思想政治教育直接处置机制探析[J].理论导刊,2010,(3).
② 中国人民武装警察部队学院管理系课题组.应对突发事件的思想政治教育机制设计[J].思想教育研究,2010,(5).
① 中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定,第六条第三点,2004年9月.
② 姚刚.公共危机管理中的思想政治教育模式探析[J]河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,(7)：55-57.
③ 骆明.我市开始安装应急科普宣教和预警信息发布系统[N].贵阳日报.2011-12-23.
① 刘伟.危机管理体系中的思想政治教育：现状反思与进路[J].理论与改革,2012,(9).
② 刘伟.危机管理体系中的思想政治教育[J].中国青年政治学院学报,2012,(6)：46-50.
① 刘滢.他们是怎样“粉碎”核辐射谣言的——民间科普组织“科学松鼠会”的启示[J].中国记者,2011,(4).