青少年网络成瘾的标准设定及网络成瘾对青少年社会性发展的影响
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摘要
本研究试图探索网络成瘾的标准设定及网络成瘾对青少年社会性发展的影响，研究在多个方面进行了探讨，重点在网络成瘾的标准设定并探讨了网络成瘾青少年在自我和谐、生活事件、网络使用时间、幸福感、社会支持、无序感等社会和人格因素的特征。同时本研究也对网络成瘾的青少年社会发展状况做了一定理论探讨，并对网络成瘾的预防和矫治提出了相应的建议!
在研究中，采用了问卷调查和个案访谈的方式，对网络成瘾青少年的主观幸福感、自我和谐、无序感、攻击性等方面进行了探究。研究结果表明：1．成瘾青少年与非成瘾青少年在社会交往上，比如社会退缩、回避等方面没有显著性差异!2．成瘾青少年与非成瘾青少年在生活事件、网络使用时间、幸福感、社会支持、无序感、上都存在显著性差异。成瘾青少年的主观幸福感显著低于不成瘾青少年!3．成瘾青少年的攻击性得分显著高于非成瘾青少年。主要表现在身体攻击和敌意上。攻击成为他们面对压力的宣泄方式。4．研究发现，网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在自我和谐因素上有显著性差异，差异来源主要是由自我与经验的不和谐产生的。它反映的是自我与经验之间的关系，包含对能力和情感的自我评价、自我一致性、无助感等，它所产生的症状更多地反映了对经验的不合理期望，对自己的不自信!
根据上述研究结果，本研究提出如下建议：1帮助青少年认清网络成瘾，针对个人情况进行引导；2减少暴力游戏的出现，教育工作者应该培养孩子的成熟个性，对其进行认知方式的引导。3对中西方传统文化精髓的教育应该加强，培养青少年多方面兴趣；4．帮助孩子建立良好的人际关系，减少虚拟网络的人际破坏5．网络成瘾现象值得全社会关注，特别是针对网络成瘾的青少年，社会应该给出有效的矫治措施和相关的家庭-学校-社会支持系统。
This researcli trys to explore the standard selling of internet addiction and the effccls of internet addiction to the development of the adolescent' sociality in many aspects. The main point of this research is to investigate the standard setting of internet addiction and discuss the different characters of internet addiction of adolescent in social and personal factors, including self consistency and congruence, life events, the distance of using computer on line, self well being, the social sustainment, anomy ,and so on. Also in this research I probed theoretically into the impacts of internet addiction to social development of adolescent. At the end of the paper, I give some advice to the prevention and reined}' of the internet addiction.
The research adopted the method of questionnaire inquisition and case study, deeping into some aspects of adolescent in internet addiction such -as self well being, self consistency and congruence, anomy, attack and et. al. The results show that: Firstly, there is significant difference in social intercourse comparing the two kinds of adolescent whether in internet addiction or not. Secondly, there are significant differences in many aspects of adolescent whether in internet addiction or not, such as life events, the distance of using computer on line, self well being, the social sustainment, anomy. It is surprising thai adolescent ' score of self well being in internet addiction is significantly lower than that not in internet addiction. Thirdly, the adolescent ' score of attack in internet addiction is significantly higher than that not in internet addiction, especially in body attack and hostility. They use attack as a way to relieve pressures. Finally, there is significant difference of adolescent' self consistency and congruence whether in internet addiction or not. The source of difference comes from inconsistency in self and experience. This point shows the relationship of self and experience, including self estimate of ability and sensibility, self coherence, helplessness and so on. To look into the result we will see that the adolescent in internet addiction have not reasonable expectation of experience and they arc not sure of themselves.
So, we put forward some suggestion below: 1 We' should help adolescent to see clearly the internet addiction, and guide them according to their different situations; 2 We should reduce violent games, and cultivate them to have a mature personality, and guide them in cognitive aspects; 3 We should enhance their traditional culture knowledge, and foster as many interests as they can; 4 We should help the young to get on well in human relations, and reduce the bad influence of internet; 5 Internet addiction is so worth to pay attention to that social should give some effective steps to help adolescent and offer accordingly family-school-social system to support them.
在研究中，采用了问卷调查和个案访谈的方式，对网络成瘾青少年的主观幸福感、自我和谐、无序感、攻击性等方面进行了探究。研究结果表明：1．成瘾青少年与非成瘾青少年在社会交往上，比如社会退缩、回避等方面没有显著性差异!2．成瘾青少年与非成瘾青少年在生活事件、网络使用时间、幸福感、社会支持、无序感、上都存在显著性差异。成瘾青少年的主观幸福感显著低于不成瘾青少年!3．成瘾青少年的攻击性得分显著高于非成瘾青少年。主要表现在身体攻击和敌意上。攻击成为他们面对压力的宣泄方式。4．研究发现，网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在自我和谐因素上有显著性差异，差异来源主要是由自我与经验的不和谐产生的。它反映的是自我与经验之间的关系，包含对能力和情感的自我评价、自我一致性、无助感等，它所产生的症状更多地反映了对经验的不合理期望，对自己的不自信!
根据上述研究结果，本研究提出如下建议：1帮助青少年认清网络成瘾，针对个人情况进行引导；2减少暴力游戏的出现，教育工作者应该培养孩子的成熟个性，对其进行认知方式的引导。3对中西方传统文化精髓的教育应该加强，培养青少年多方面兴趣；4．帮助孩子建立良好的人际关系，减少虚拟网络的人际破坏5．网络成瘾现象值得全社会关注，特别是针对网络成瘾的青少年，社会应该给出有效的矫治措施和相关的家庭-学校-社会支持系统。
This researcli trys to explore the standard selling of internet addiction and the effccls of internet addiction to the development of the adolescent' sociality in many aspects. The main point of this research is to investigate the standard setting of internet addiction and discuss the different characters of internet addiction of adolescent in social and personal factors, including self consistency and congruence, life events, the distance of using computer on line, self well being, the social sustainment, anomy ,and so on. Also in this research I probed theoretically into the impacts of internet addiction to social development of adolescent. At the end of the paper, I give some advice to the prevention and reined}' of the internet addiction.
The research adopted the method of questionnaire inquisition and case study, deeping into some aspects of adolescent in internet addiction such -as self well being, self consistency and congruence, anomy, attack and et. al. The results show that: Firstly, there is significant difference in social intercourse comparing the two kinds of adolescent whether in internet addiction or not. Secondly, there are significant differences in many aspects of adolescent whether in internet addiction or not, such as life events, the distance of using computer on line, self well being, the social sustainment, anomy. It is surprising thai adolescent ' score of self well being in internet addiction is significantly lower than that not in internet addiction. Thirdly, the adolescent ' score of attack in internet addiction is significantly higher than that not in internet addiction, especially in body attack and hostility. They use attack as a way to relieve pressures. Finally, there is significant difference of adolescent' self consistency and congruence whether in internet addiction or not. The source of difference comes from inconsistency in self and experience. This point shows the relationship of self and experience, including self estimate of ability and sensibility, self coherence, helplessness and so on. To look into the result we will see that the adolescent in internet addiction have not reasonable expectation of experience and they arc not sure of themselves.
So, we put forward some suggestion below: 1 We' should help adolescent to see clearly the internet addiction, and guide them according to their different situations; 2 We should reduce violent games, and cultivate them to have a mature personality, and guide them in cognitive aspects; 3 We should enhance their traditional culture knowledge, and foster as many interests as they can; 4 We should help the young to get on well in human relations, and reduce the bad influence of internet; 5 Internet addiction is so worth to pay attention to that social should give some effective steps to help adolescent and offer accordingly family-school-social system to support them.
引文
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[6] 梁朝云，网络成瘾对学校教育的潜在影响。台湾教育，2001，606：10～16
[7] Jayne Gackenbach Psychology and the Internet Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Transpersona limplications Academic Press. 1998
[8] John Suler Intervention for Pathological and Deviant Behavior within an on-line Community From the http://www.netaddiction.com
[9] R.A. Davis, A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior 17 (2001): 187-195.
[10] Kaiser, Jocelyn, NETWATCH. Science,00368075,09103199,Vol.285,Issue 5433
[11] Hall, Alex S. Parsons, Jeffrey Internet Addiction: College Student Case Study Using Best Practices in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, Oct2001, Vol. 23 Issue 4:312-328
[12] 刘建银 互联网成瘾症研究的新进展 社会心理研究 2001．2：51。
[13] Kaiser, Jocelyn,NETWATCH. Science,00368075,09103199,Vol. 285,Issue 5433
[14] Kiesler S.,Siegal,L,& McGuire,T.W.(1984). Social psychological aspects of computer - mediated communication.American Psychologist, 39 (10), 123～134.
[15] Robert Kraut et al.(1998). Internet Paradox. American Psychologist, September 1998.
[16] Shotton,M.(1991).The cost and benefits of"computer addiction". Behavior and Information Technology
[17] Kimberly S. Young Internet Addiction: Symptoms, Evaluation, And Treatment Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book Vol 17:19-31.
[18] 陈猛．网络成瘾的剖析 from the http：／／www．psychapeo．com
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