水火电短期优化调度模型和算法的研究
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摘要
随着大区域联网和电力市场的实行,电力系统运行的经济性受到了广泛的重视。作为电网运行一项重要工作的水火电联合优化调度,是经济效益显著而计算比较复杂的课题。传统调度模式下,为了使火电厂运行平稳而降低耗煤量,同时使水电厂尽可能多发电,系统安排计划在理论上是以全网耗煤最小为目标,水火电系统被视为一个整体进行优化调度。在电力市场中,发电厂商通过竞价方式获得上网电量份额,因此,电力市场中水火电的联合调度是通过市场机制,利用电价信号的杠杆作用,协调发电厂商的出力,实现电力资源的优化配置。
近年来随着能源短缺的加剧和电力体制改革的不断深化,节能环保理念是调整能源结构和实施可持续发展战略的必然选择。本文针对在电力市场环境中的发电侧能够实现节能环保且高收益的发电目标,对机组出力变化与分时电价波动之间的关系进行了研究,构建了一种新的水火电短期优化调度模型,该模型在实现电力市场下追求发电侧最大发电收益目标,同时综合考虑了峰谷分时电价和环境保护成本对发电侧所带来经济效益的影响。该模型基于节能减排和环境保护的理念,为水火电力系统短期优化调度提供了新的研究思路。
针对电力系统中水火电短期优化调度,这一典型的高维、非凸、非线性优化问题,本文提出一种改进的微分进化算法。该算法将熵的概念引入到共享机制的小生境技术,通过对小生境半径的自适应调整,计算小生境熵有效度量种群多样性,并对控制参数进行自适应调整,进一步增强微分进化算法的全局寻优能力。通过对一水火电混合系统仿真计算,将计算结果与其他智能算法相比较,验证了本文所提出的数学模型和算法的可行性和有效性。
With the large area networking and the implementation of the electricity market, the economic operation of power system is regarded as a wide range of great importance. The joint optimal scheduling of the hydrothermal power system as an important task will bring more economic benefits, but is regarded as complex solution. For traditional scheduling models, in order to enable the smooth operation of thermal power plants to reduce coal consumption, as well as generating as much as possible for hydro plants, the objective of systematic plan in theory is the lest coal consumption, and hydro-thermal system is regarded as a whole. In the electricity market, power generation through competitive bidding by manufacturers is obtained the share of electricity capacity, and the hydrothermal power market through the joint operation of market mechanism applies the leverage of price signals to coordinate the efforts generating companies, to achieve the optimal allocation of power resource.
In recent years, with development of increased energy and power shortage and continuous deepen reform of power system, the concept of energy saving and environmental protection is to adjust the energy structure and strategy of sustainable development as an inevitable choice. In this paper, in term of the objective that the maximal profit, the minimum emission and fuel cost is attained for generating side in electricity spot market, this paper presents a novel optimal model for the problem of short-term scheduling of hydrothermal power system optimization and the link between the unit output change and the time-of-use price fluctuation is studied. It is not only attained the profit the generation side pursues to in the environment of electricity market, but also taken the requirement of minimizing the thermal fuel cost and contaminative gas emission into account. The effect of the economic profit for the generation side is solved in the model with respect to adding to time-of-use price in the electricity market. The model based on energy-saving emission reduction and environmental protection, will provided new ideas for optimal scheduling of short-term study of water and thermal power system.
For short-term optimal scheduling of hydrothermal power system, the typical high-dimensional, non-convex, nonlinear optimization problem, this paper presents an improved differential evolution algorithm. The algorithm will be introduced to the concept of entropy mechanism of niche sharing technology, through the adaptive niche radius adjustment calculated entropy niche to effectively measure the population diversity, and adaptive adjustment of control parameters to further enhance the differential evolution algorithm for global optimization ability. This paper applies the algorithm to a hydro-thermal power system. The results indicate that the optimal model is practical, and the algorithm is available.
近年来随着能源短缺的加剧和电力体制改革的不断深化,节能环保理念是调整能源结构和实施可持续发展战略的必然选择。本文针对在电力市场环境中的发电侧能够实现节能环保且高收益的发电目标,对机组出力变化与分时电价波动之间的关系进行了研究,构建了一种新的水火电短期优化调度模型,该模型在实现电力市场下追求发电侧最大发电收益目标,同时综合考虑了峰谷分时电价和环境保护成本对发电侧所带来经济效益的影响。该模型基于节能减排和环境保护的理念,为水火电力系统短期优化调度提供了新的研究思路。
针对电力系统中水火电短期优化调度,这一典型的高维、非凸、非线性优化问题,本文提出一种改进的微分进化算法。该算法将熵的概念引入到共享机制的小生境技术,通过对小生境半径的自适应调整,计算小生境熵有效度量种群多样性,并对控制参数进行自适应调整,进一步增强微分进化算法的全局寻优能力。通过对一水火电混合系统仿真计算,将计算结果与其他智能算法相比较,验证了本文所提出的数学模型和算法的可行性和有效性。
With the large area networking and the implementation of the electricity market, the economic operation of power system is regarded as a wide range of great importance. The joint optimal scheduling of the hydrothermal power system as an important task will bring more economic benefits, but is regarded as complex solution. For traditional scheduling models, in order to enable the smooth operation of thermal power plants to reduce coal consumption, as well as generating as much as possible for hydro plants, the objective of systematic plan in theory is the lest coal consumption, and hydro-thermal system is regarded as a whole. In the electricity market, power generation through competitive bidding by manufacturers is obtained the share of electricity capacity, and the hydrothermal power market through the joint operation of market mechanism applies the leverage of price signals to coordinate the efforts generating companies, to achieve the optimal allocation of power resource.
In recent years, with development of increased energy and power shortage and continuous deepen reform of power system, the concept of energy saving and environmental protection is to adjust the energy structure and strategy of sustainable development as an inevitable choice. In this paper, in term of the objective that the maximal profit, the minimum emission and fuel cost is attained for generating side in electricity spot market, this paper presents a novel optimal model for the problem of short-term scheduling of hydrothermal power system optimization and the link between the unit output change and the time-of-use price fluctuation is studied. It is not only attained the profit the generation side pursues to in the environment of electricity market, but also taken the requirement of minimizing the thermal fuel cost and contaminative gas emission into account. The effect of the economic profit for the generation side is solved in the model with respect to adding to time-of-use price in the electricity market. The model based on energy-saving emission reduction and environmental protection, will provided new ideas for optimal scheduling of short-term study of water and thermal power system.
For short-term optimal scheduling of hydrothermal power system, the typical high-dimensional, non-convex, nonlinear optimization problem, this paper presents an improved differential evolution algorithm. The algorithm will be introduced to the concept of entropy mechanism of niche sharing technology, through the adaptive niche radius adjustment calculated entropy niche to effectively measure the population diversity, and adaptive adjustment of control parameters to further enhance the differential evolution algorithm for global optimization ability. This paper applies the algorithm to a hydro-thermal power system. The results indicate that the optimal model is practical, and the algorithm is available.
引文
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2罗予如.梯级水电厂群短期经济运行的探讨.水利水电. 2000, (2): 55~58
3吴正佳,周建中,杨俊杰.调峰容量效益最大的梯级电站优化调度.水力发电. 2007, 33(1): 74~76
4 M. R. Piekutowski, T. Litwinowicz. Optimal Short-Term Scheduling for a Large-Scale Cascaded Hydro System. IEEE Transcations on Power System. 1994, 9(2): 805~811
5 Arroyo J M, Conejo A J. Optimal response of a thermal unit to an electricity spot market. IEEE Transactions on Power System. 2000, 15(3): 1098~1104
6谢红胜,吴相林,陈阳.分时电价下梯级水电站间短期优化调度仿真.华中科技大学学报(自然科学版). 2008, 36(3): 114~117
7蔡兴国,林士颖,马平.电力市场中梯级水电站优化运行的研究.电网技术. 2003, 27(9): 6~9
8丁军威,夏清,康重庆.竞价上网中的水电优化运行.电力系统自动化. 2002, 2(10): 19~23
9 R. N. Rodrigues, E. C. Finardi, E. L. da Silva. Optimal Dispatch of Hydro Generation Plants Via Augmentes Lagrangian. IEEE Transcations on Power System, 2005: 1~6
10杭乃善.梯级电站等微增率方程组的分解协调算法.电力系统及其自动化学报. 1995, 9(3): 26~32
11 Antoniol. Jose Manuel, Francisco Apolinar Villamor. Self-Scheduling of a Hydro Producer in a Pool-based Electricity Market. IEEE Transactions on Power System. 2002, 17(4): 1265~1271
12周任军,申文伟.微增动态规划在电力系统火电机组最优组合中的应用.长沙电力学院电力学报. 1997, 5(2): 206~209
13朱继中,徐国禹.用网流法求解水火电力系统有功负荷分配.系统工程理论与实践. 1995, 1(1): 69~73
14蔡兴国,林士颖,马平.现货交易中梯级水电站优化运行的研究.中国电机工程学报. 2003, 23(8): 56~59
15左幸,马光文,过夏明.三角旋回算法求解梯级电站群短期优化调度.电力系统自动化. 2006, 30(13): 28~32
16伍永刚,王定一.基于遗传算法的梯级水电厂自动发电控制算法研究.电网技术. 2000, 24(3): 35~38
17朱敏,王定一.基于人工神经网络的梯级水电厂日优化运行.电力系统自动化. 1999, 23(10): 35~40
18朱凤霞,熊立华,高仕春.改进微粒群算法在梯级电站长期优化调度中的应用.水文. 2007, 27(5): 42~45
19李安强,王丽萍,蔺伟民.免疫粒子群算法在梯级电站短期优化调度中的应用.水利学报. 2008, 39(4): 426~432
20李茂军.人工免疫算法在水电机组优化组合中的应用.电力科学与技术学报. 2007, 22(1): 72~76
21梁伟,陈守伦,何春元.基于混沌优化算法的梯级水电站水库优化调度.水电能源科学. 2008, 26(1): 63~66
22 M.Varadarajan and K.S.Swarup. Volt-Var Optimization Using Differential Evolution Electric Power Components and System. 2008, 36: 387~408
23吴杰康,朱建全.机会约束规划下的梯级水电站短期优化调度策略.中国电机工程学报. 2008, 28(13): 41~45
24 Lingfeng Wang, Chanan Singh. Adequacy-based design of a hybrid generating system including intermittent sources using constrained particle swarm optimization. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. 2007: 1~7
25 Fuentes-Loyola R, Quintana V H. Medium-term hydrothermal coordination by semidefinite programming. Power System Technology. 2004, 18(4): 1515~1522
26 Jabr R A. Robust self-schduling under price uncertainty using conditional value-at-risk. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2005, 20(3): 1852~1858
27刘盛松,邰能灵,侯志俭,等.基于最优潮流与模糊贴近度的电力系统环境保护的研究.中国电机工程学报. 2003, 23(4): 22~26
28费君如,董增川,王德智,等.改进加速遗传算法在梯级水电优化化调度中的应用.水力发电. 2008, 34(8): 8~11
29杨俊杰,周建中,吴玮,刘芳.改进粒子群优化算法在负荷经济分配中的应用.电网技术. 2005, 29(2): 1~4
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