员工持股计划（ESOP）动作研究
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摘要
随着我国改革开放的不断深入以及加入WTO后，我国的市场经济也得到了较为充分的发展。市场经济的充分发展必然要求企业进行股份制改造，建立符合市场经济的现代化企业制度。在此前提下，内蒙古粮油食品进出口公司于2000年开始进行了股份制改革。本篇论文的立足点是通过该公司改制过程的介绍以及目前国内其他一些员工持股计划运作现状，分析研究员工持股计划这一新的理念对我国企业改革的意义及其效果。
推行员工持股是当今的一大趋势，这于国家、政府、企业、员工、股东都是很有好处的。实行员工持股首先可以优化劳动者与生产性资源的结合方式。其次，员工持股可以激励员工努力工作，吸引人才，提高企业的核心竞争力；通过长期的利益激励，减少企业人才的流失。
此外，结合中国的实际情况实行员工持股制度，有利于实现国有企业投资主体多元化，有利于从战略上调整国有经济的布局和实现国有企业的战略性改组，有利于逐步弱化政府在企业中的控制与干预、实现政企分开，有利于国有资产的资本运营，有利于建立和完善符合社会主义市场经济条件的社会保障制度，有利于企业的激励与分配体系的变革。
内部员工持股还有利于实现产权关系清晰与投资主体多元化；有助于企业筹资，并且成为公司理财的重要手段之一。
由于我国的经济体制及有关的法律的不完善，企业实行员工持股计划仍然存在一些问题：改制企业的公司形式不规范；员工股权过于分散，缺乏参与公司经营管理的现实可行性；员工持股流于形式，丧失了必要的约束机制等。
As China continuously deepens its reform and opening up and joins WTO. the market economy also develops fast and fully. The fast development of the market economy certainly requires that the company should reform the joint-stock system and establish modernized enterprise system in accordance with market economy. On the premise of this. Inner Mongolia Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Imp./Exp. Corp. began to the reform of the joint-stock system in 2000. The writing purpose of this essay is to analyze the significance and effectiveness of Employee Stock Ownership Plan on our country's corporation reform, the analysis is through the introduction of the process of the company's system changing and the operation situation of Employee Stock Ownership Plan.
Implementing the system that the employee Stock Ownership Plan is big trend now, which is good for country, government, corporation, employees and the stockholder.
Implementing the system that the employees hold the stocks first can optimize the combination way of laborers and production resources.
Second, the system that the employees hold the stocks can stimulate the employees to work hard, attract talents and enhance the company's competition; through the stimulation in benefit for a long time, loss of the talents can be decreased.
In addition, to carry out the system that the employees hold the stocks in combination with Chinese reality is good for realizing the multielement of the corporation investment; good for adjusting the layout of national economy in a strategic way and realize the strategic rest ruction of national corporation; good for weakening the government's control and interference on the corporation, and separating government and the corporation; good for the capital operation of national assets; good for establishing and perfecting the social insurance system under the condition of socialist market economy and good for the reform of the corporation's stimulation and distribution system.
The internal employees holding stocks is also good for realizing the clear
property right and the investment multielement; the employees holding stocks plan is good for the corporation top raise money and is one of the important means for the corporation to manage the money.
Because of the imperfect economy system and relevant laws, the plan of the employees holding stocks still exists some problems: the corporations that changed their system don't have a normalized form; the stock right of the employees is too dispersed, and lack of the feasibility of participating into the corporation management; the employees holding stocks is only a form and don't have necessary restraining system, etc.
推行员工持股是当今的一大趋势，这于国家、政府、企业、员工、股东都是很有好处的。实行员工持股首先可以优化劳动者与生产性资源的结合方式。其次，员工持股可以激励员工努力工作，吸引人才，提高企业的核心竞争力；通过长期的利益激励，减少企业人才的流失。
此外，结合中国的实际情况实行员工持股制度，有利于实现国有企业投资主体多元化，有利于从战略上调整国有经济的布局和实现国有企业的战略性改组，有利于逐步弱化政府在企业中的控制与干预、实现政企分开，有利于国有资产的资本运营，有利于建立和完善符合社会主义市场经济条件的社会保障制度，有利于企业的激励与分配体系的变革。
内部员工持股还有利于实现产权关系清晰与投资主体多元化；有助于企业筹资，并且成为公司理财的重要手段之一。
由于我国的经济体制及有关的法律的不完善，企业实行员工持股计划仍然存在一些问题：改制企业的公司形式不规范；员工股权过于分散，缺乏参与公司经营管理的现实可行性；员工持股流于形式，丧失了必要的约束机制等。
As China continuously deepens its reform and opening up and joins WTO. the market economy also develops fast and fully. The fast development of the market economy certainly requires that the company should reform the joint-stock system and establish modernized enterprise system in accordance with market economy. On the premise of this. Inner Mongolia Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Imp./Exp. Corp. began to the reform of the joint-stock system in 2000. The writing purpose of this essay is to analyze the significance and effectiveness of Employee Stock Ownership Plan on our country's corporation reform, the analysis is through the introduction of the process of the company's system changing and the operation situation of Employee Stock Ownership Plan.
Implementing the system that the employee Stock Ownership Plan is big trend now, which is good for country, government, corporation, employees and the stockholder.
Implementing the system that the employees hold the stocks first can optimize the combination way of laborers and production resources.
Second, the system that the employees hold the stocks can stimulate the employees to work hard, attract talents and enhance the company's competition; through the stimulation in benefit for a long time, loss of the talents can be decreased.
In addition, to carry out the system that the employees hold the stocks in combination with Chinese reality is good for realizing the multielement of the corporation investment; good for adjusting the layout of national economy in a strategic way and realize the strategic rest ruction of national corporation; good for weakening the government's control and interference on the corporation, and separating government and the corporation; good for the capital operation of national assets; good for establishing and perfecting the social insurance system under the condition of socialist market economy and good for the reform of the corporation's stimulation and distribution system.
The internal employees holding stocks is also good for realizing the clear
property right and the investment multielement; the employees holding stocks plan is good for the corporation top raise money and is one of the important means for the corporation to manage the money.
Because of the imperfect economy system and relevant laws, the plan of the employees holding stocks still exists some problems: the corporations that changed their system don't have a normalized form; the stock right of the employees is too dispersed, and lack of the feasibility of participating into the corporation management; the employees holding stocks is only a form and don't have necessary restraining system, etc.
引文
1、迟福林主编：《中国职工持股规范运作与制度设计》，中国经济出版社，2001年版；
2、罗锐韧主编：《股份制操作全书》，企业管理出版社；
3、黄燕芬：《分配的革命—部分劳权向股权的转化》，中国水利水电出版社，2004年版：
4、乔树生：国有企业改制为管理层和职工持股的公司的《股权结构、资金来源和持股形式》，北京市中允律师事务所；
5、唐新林：《美国员工持股计划的理论与实践》，中国(海南)改革发展研究院课题组，发表于
6、吴春波：《企业员工持股方面的思考》，2002年发表于计算机世界报；
7、卢斯·旺得等著，干胜道等译：《公司财务战略》，人民邮电出版社，2003年版：
8、洪兴银：《转向市场经济体制的秩序》，江苏人民出版社，2000年版；
9、许成安：《国企改革中的国有资本退出问题》，财经科学，2000(3)；
10、席彦群，岳松：《企业并购与资源配置》，东北财经大学出版社；
11、王一：《企业并购理论及其在中国的应用》，复旦大学出版社，2000年版。
2、罗锐韧主编：《股份制操作全书》，企业管理出版社；
3、黄燕芬：《分配的革命—部分劳权向股权的转化》，中国水利水电出版社，2004年版：
4、乔树生：国有企业改制为管理层和职工持股的公司的《股权结构、资金来源和持股形式》，北京市中允律师事务所；
5、唐新林：《美国员工持股计划的理论与实践》，中国(海南)改革发展研究院课题组，发表于
6、吴春波：《企业员工持股方面的思考》，2002年发表于计算机世界报；
7、卢斯·旺得等著，干胜道等译：《公司财务战略》，人民邮电出版社，2003年版：
8、洪兴银：《转向市场经济体制的秩序》，江苏人民出版社，2000年版；
9、许成安：《国企改革中的国有资本退出问题》，财经科学，2000(3)；
10、席彦群，岳松：《企业并购与资源配置》，东北财经大学出版社；
11、王一：《企业并购理论及其在中国的应用》，复旦大学出版社，2000年版。