吉林油田地面集输系统节能降耗试验研究
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摘要
吉林油田是一个经过30多年开发建设的老油田,随着油田的开发,油田的集输能耗明显上升,能耗主要表现在:集输工艺落后,集输温度和掺水温度高,对高含水油井集输还停留在开发初期的设计上,钢制管线腐蚀严重等;本文针对这些现象选取了吉林油田的新立采油厂和前大采油厂的部分代表性区块,对其地面集输系统进行了试验研究。通过室内测定凝油黏壁温度试验和现场试验研究确定了新立采油厂和前大采油厂在不同产液量和不同含水率情况下的凝油黏壁温度,结合现场试验研究确定了高含水油井集输时的最低集油温度;针对高压玻璃钢管道材质比重小、耐腐蚀性强、强度高、内表面光滑、摩阻系数低、传热系数小、连接方便等优越的性能特点,将应用高压玻璃钢管道进行输送油水乳状液时的管道摩阻压降与普通无缝钢管输送时的管道摩阻压降进行比较,从亲水性、管壁粗糙度等方面得出了应用高压玻璃钢管道进行集输比应用普通无缝钢管输送时的管道摩阻压降小,节省了大量的能源。本文的研究对吉林油田实际工程中的设计和运行有着重要的意义。
Jilin oil field is an old field that having been developed for more than 30years. With the development, the gathering consumption is increasing obviously, which was incarnated as follows: the gathering technology has fallen behind, gathering temperature and adulterated water temperature are high, constant-temperature-delivery or seasonal constant-temperature-delivery has not been achieved for the high water content wells, and the steel pipe lines are seriously corrupted.
In this paper, aiming at these problems, some typical regions of Xinlicai oil factory and Qiadacai oil factory in Jilin oil field were chosen to carry out the study on surface gathering system. Through the office test and field test, the temperature condensing oil sticking to the pipe's wall according to different fluid production and different water content are established, as well as the minimum gathering temperature of high water cut wells. By comparing the friction pressure drop in the high pressure glassteel pipe that delivers the oil/water emulsion with that in the normal seamless steel pipe, considering the water wettability and pipe wall asperity, it is proved that the former friction is much less than the latter one, much energy has been saved.
Jilin oil field is an old field that having been developed for more than 30years. With the development, the gathering consumption is increasing obviously, which was incarnated as follows: the gathering technology has fallen behind, gathering temperature and adulterated water temperature are high, constant-temperature-delivery or seasonal constant-temperature-delivery has not been achieved for the high water content wells, and the steel pipe lines are seriously corrupted.
In this paper, aiming at these problems, some typical regions of Xinlicai oil factory and Qiadacai oil factory in Jilin oil field were chosen to carry out the study on surface gathering system. Through the office test and field test, the temperature condensing oil sticking to the pipe's wall according to different fluid production and different water content are established, as well as the minimum gathering temperature of high water cut wells. By comparing the friction pressure drop in the high pressure glassteel pipe that delivers the oil/water emulsion with that in the normal seamless steel pipe, considering the water wettability and pipe wall asperity, it is proved that the former friction is much less than the latter one, much energy has been saved.
引文
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[2] 苗承武.高效油气集输与处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,1~56.
[3] 王树立.水平管中油水乳状液流动特性研究[J].管道技术与设备,2005,3:9-11.
[4] 韩洪升,孙琳琳等.流动改进剂降低沿程阻力的实验[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,6:37-39.
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[8] 蔡继勇.水平管内油水乳状液流动特性研究[J].化学工程,1999,27(3):32-35.
[9] 李鸿英,张劲军.蜡对原油流变性的影响[J].油气储运,2002,21(11):6-12.
[10] 李明远,甄鹏.原油乳状液稳定性研究Ⅷ.蜡晶对油水界面膜性质的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),1999,15(5):1-5.
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[12] 刘小燕.特高含水期油气水管道安全混输界限确定及水力热力计算方法研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[13] 刘保君.高含水油井常温集输实验和理论研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[14] 吴明.含水原油流变规流实验研究[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(1):29-31.
[15] 马立国,胡国元.油田高含水期常温集输技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2004,30:119-121.
[16] 毕文平.中高含水油井常温输送工艺初探[J].油气田地面工程,2003,22( 4):25-26.
[17] 张登庆,李新如.石蜡基原油单管常温集输流程研究[J].油气储运,2005,24(4):45-48.
[18] 张国友.大庆外围油田单管环状掺水集油工艺参数试验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2003,22(5):22-23.
[19] 杨淑芹,昊长利,安秉威.单管环状流程“三不”集油集输浅析[J].石油规划设计,1999,10(2):12-13.
[20] Baker.O.“Effect of Hills on Two-Phase Pressure Drop”,Oil and Gas J,1957,11,11.
[21] 喻西崇,冯叔初等.多相流管道温降公式的推导[J].油气储运,2000,19(4):22-25.
[22] 蔡继勇,陈听宽,汤为等.水平关内油水乳状液流动特性研究[J].化学工程,1999,27(3):32-35.
[23] Baker.O.and Swerdloff W,“Finding Surface Tension of Hydrocarbon Liquids”,Oil and Gas J,1956,1,2.
[24] Beal.C,“The Viscosity of Air,Water,Natural Gas,Crude Oil and Its Associated Gases at Oil Field Temperatures and Pressures”,Trans.AIME,1946,94.
[25] 吴国忠.埋地管道传热计算[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2003:130-131.
[26] 李玉星,冯叔初等.多相混输管道温降的计算[J].油气储运,2001,20(9):32-35.
[27] J.J.Xiao&Brill.A Comprehensive Mechanistic Modelfor TwPhase Flowin Pipelines.SPE20631,167-180,1990.
[28] 王弥康.管内单相流体沿程摩阻系数分析[J].油气储运,1998,17(7):22-26.
[29] Y.Taitel&Dukler.A.E.Modelfor Prediction Flow Regime Horizontaland Near Horizontal Gasand LiquidFlow.AICH J.22,147-55,1976.
[30] 陈家琅.石油气液两相管流[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:99-106.
[31] 王海琴.埋地热油管道变厚度保温层的设计[J].油气储运,2002,21(1):17-19,31.
[32] 崔慧.埋地热油管道总传热系数的研究[J].油气储运,2005,24(12):17-21.
[33] 杨军.热油管道不饱和输送工况下总传热系数的取值[J].油气储运,2006,25(3):55-57.
[34] 王喜峰.管道总传热系数和当量管径分析[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(7):10-11.
[35] 张春钢.玻璃钢管道在油气集输行业中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(3):5.
[36] 王亚林,翁玉武.高压玻璃钢管在英—红输油管道上的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2000,1.19(1):24-25.
[37] 杜秋平,李开达.高压玻璃钢管道的性能特点及其应用[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报,2005,7(4):28-30.
[38] 刘声祥.玻璃钢管道在油气集输系统中的应用[J].石油工程建设,2002,28(5):24-30.
[39] 杨斌.玻璃钢管道及容器在油田地面工程中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(2):37-39.
[40] 蔡金刚,刘在阳,孔庆宝等.中高压玻璃钢管道在油田上的应用[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,1995,4:46-47.
[41] 李恩田,石兆东.含水原油水力计算[J].设计与研究,2003,6:1-8.
[42] 张付卿.不可压缩单相流体紊流区沿程阻力计算[J].油气储运,1999,18(2):28-30.
[43] Φ.A.舍维列夫.管内紊流运动主要水力规律的研究[J].建筑工程出版社,1977.
[44] 建筑给水排水设计规范[S].GB50015-2003.中国计划出版社.
[45] 陈显忠.关于塑料给水管道水力计算问题的探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,2004,12:60-61.
[46] 王烽,袁玉梅.UPVC 给水管沿程阻力系数的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(2):78-80.
[47] 谭奕.关于海澄-威廉系数 Ch 的取值问题[J].
[48] 刘乃震等.非牛顿流体的稳定性及其流态判别[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):53-57.
[49] 张修刚,牛冬梅等.水平管内油水两相流动摩擦压降的试验研究[J].油气储运,2003,22(2):47-50.
[50] 牛冬梅,苏新军,王树众等.水平管内油气水三相流动摩擦压降特性的试验研究[J].油气储运,2002,21(1):28-31.
[51] 张友波,李长俊,杨静.油气混输管流中压降和持液率的影响因素分析[J].天然气与石油,2005,23(5):9-11.
[2] 苗承武.高效油气集输与处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,1~56.
[3] 王树立.水平管中油水乳状液流动特性研究[J].管道技术与设备,2005,3:9-11.
[4] 韩洪升,孙琳琳等.流动改进剂降低沿程阻力的实验[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,6:37-39.
[5] GovierGW,SullivanG.A.WoodRK.CONJChemEng,1961,67.
[6] NicolasY,WitterholtEJ.Measurementsofmulti-phaseflow,PaperSPE4023.In:SPEAnnualFall Meeting.SanAntrioTX,1972.8.
[7] HaraldKvandal,etal.Frictionalpressure Loss FoStable Oil-water Emulsionsin Pipeflow,Two-phasflow Modelling And Experimentation.1995.601.
[8] 蔡继勇.水平管内油水乳状液流动特性研究[J].化学工程,1999,27(3):32-35.
[9] 李鸿英,张劲军.蜡对原油流变性的影响[J].油气储运,2002,21(11):6-12.
[10] 李明远,甄鹏.原油乳状液稳定性研究Ⅷ.蜡晶对油水界面膜性质的影响[J].石油学报(石油加工),1999,15(5):1-5.
[11] 李鸿英,张劲军等.蜡晶形态结构与含蜡原油流变性的关系[J].油气储运,2004,23(9):19-23.
[12] 刘小燕.特高含水期油气水管道安全混输界限确定及水力热力计算方法研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[13] 刘保君.高含水油井常温集输实验和理论研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2005.
[14] 吴明.含水原油流变规流实验研究[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2002,17(1):29-31.
[15] 马立国,胡国元.油田高含水期常温集输技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2004,30:119-121.
[16] 毕文平.中高含水油井常温输送工艺初探[J].油气田地面工程,2003,22( 4):25-26.
[17] 张登庆,李新如.石蜡基原油单管常温集输流程研究[J].油气储运,2005,24(4):45-48.
[18] 张国友.大庆外围油田单管环状掺水集油工艺参数试验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2003,22(5):22-23.
[19] 杨淑芹,昊长利,安秉威.单管环状流程“三不”集油集输浅析[J].石油规划设计,1999,10(2):12-13.
[20] Baker.O.“Effect of Hills on Two-Phase Pressure Drop”,Oil and Gas J,1957,11,11.
[21] 喻西崇,冯叔初等.多相流管道温降公式的推导[J].油气储运,2000,19(4):22-25.
[22] 蔡继勇,陈听宽,汤为等.水平关内油水乳状液流动特性研究[J].化学工程,1999,27(3):32-35.
[23] Baker.O.and Swerdloff W,“Finding Surface Tension of Hydrocarbon Liquids”,Oil and Gas J,1956,1,2.
[24] Beal.C,“The Viscosity of Air,Water,Natural Gas,Crude Oil and Its Associated Gases at Oil Field Temperatures and Pressures”,Trans.AIME,1946,94.
[25] 吴国忠.埋地管道传热计算[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2003:130-131.
[26] 李玉星,冯叔初等.多相混输管道温降的计算[J].油气储运,2001,20(9):32-35.
[27] J.J.Xiao&Brill.A Comprehensive Mechanistic Modelfor TwPhase Flowin Pipelines.SPE20631,167-180,1990.
[28] 王弥康.管内单相流体沿程摩阻系数分析[J].油气储运,1998,17(7):22-26.
[29] Y.Taitel&Dukler.A.E.Modelfor Prediction Flow Regime Horizontaland Near Horizontal Gasand LiquidFlow.AICH J.22,147-55,1976.
[30] 陈家琅.石油气液两相管流[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:99-106.
[31] 王海琴.埋地热油管道变厚度保温层的设计[J].油气储运,2002,21(1):17-19,31.
[32] 崔慧.埋地热油管道总传热系数的研究[J].油气储运,2005,24(12):17-21.
[33] 杨军.热油管道不饱和输送工况下总传热系数的取值[J].油气储运,2006,25(3):55-57.
[34] 王喜峰.管道总传热系数和当量管径分析[J].油气田地面工程,2004,23(7):10-11.
[35] 张春钢.玻璃钢管道在油气集输行业中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2002,21(3):5.
[36] 王亚林,翁玉武.高压玻璃钢管在英—红输油管道上的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2000,1.19(1):24-25.
[37] 杜秋平,李开达.高压玻璃钢管道的性能特点及其应用[J].承德石油高等专科学校学报,2005,7(4):28-30.
[38] 刘声祥.玻璃钢管道在油气集输系统中的应用[J].石油工程建设,2002,28(5):24-30.
[39] 杨斌.玻璃钢管道及容器在油田地面工程中的应用[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(2):37-39.
[40] 蔡金刚,刘在阳,孔庆宝等.中高压玻璃钢管道在油田上的应用[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,1995,4:46-47.
[41] 李恩田,石兆东.含水原油水力计算[J].设计与研究,2003,6:1-8.
[42] 张付卿.不可压缩单相流体紊流区沿程阻力计算[J].油气储运,1999,18(2):28-30.
[43] Φ.A.舍维列夫.管内紊流运动主要水力规律的研究[J].建筑工程出版社,1977.
[44] 建筑给水排水设计规范[S].GB50015-2003.中国计划出版社.
[45] 陈显忠.关于塑料给水管道水力计算问题的探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,2004,12:60-61.
[46] 王烽,袁玉梅.UPVC 给水管沿程阻力系数的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(2):78-80.
[47] 谭奕.关于海澄-威廉系数 Ch 的取值问题[J].
[48] 刘乃震等.非牛顿流体的稳定性及其流态判别[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1):53-57.
[49] 张修刚,牛冬梅等.水平管内油水两相流动摩擦压降的试验研究[J].油气储运,2003,22(2):47-50.
[50] 牛冬梅,苏新军,王树众等.水平管内油气水三相流动摩擦压降特性的试验研究[J].油气储运,2002,21(1):28-31.
[51] 张友波,李长俊,杨静.油气混输管流中压降和持液率的影响因素分析[J].天然气与石油,2005,23(5):9-11.