PEEK及碳纤维增强PEEK的性能研究
摘要
为了深入了解PEEK以及其增强材料的生产工艺和性能特性,以便将来能够在此领域内有更多更深入的研究,因此,本次课题进行了基础性的探索研究实验,为以后的研究打下基础,掌握并利用PEEK及其增强材料的特性规律,开拓新的科研领域,最终使得PEEK及其系列产品性能获得提升,其应用领域变得更加广泛。
本课题选用了PEEK以及CF/PEEK两种材料进行了对比试验。在课题开始初期,作者曾经尝试借用中科院的实验仪器制备PEEK及其增强材料,并且配置出不同百分比的增强材料进行实验对比,使得实验研究更加系统化。但是,制备过程需要极高的温度目前国内不具备相应实验条件,最终无法成行。尽管国内已经有很多PEEK方面的文章发表,经作者寻访,很多是在国外进行制备的。因此,仅仅采用了PEEK和CF/PEEK进行实验对比。但是,作者从PEEK及其聚合物的生产工厂,获得了PEEK现在生产工艺的要点,在本文中进行了介绍。由此,可以为今后PEEK及其增强材料的制备提供实际的指导意义。需要特别注意的是,在加工过程中保证模具的温度均匀。本实验曾经尝试的制备过程,就是因为CF/PEEK流动性差而无法成型。
本文用红外线光谱测试了PEEK与CF/PEEK之间的成分差异,对这两种材料进行了力学性能测试,摩擦性能测试以及热学性能测试。从不同的角度对比了PEEK及CF/PEEK的性能差异。通过实验很容易发现,CF增强后的PEEK在各个方面的性能都发生了显著的变化,特别体现在在摩擦系数、磨擦面形貌、拉伸、弯曲、熔融和结晶几个方面。
在掌握了以上的材料的变化后,今后,实验者可以通过掌握这些基础的性能和实验方法,扬长避短,继续完善PEEK及其增强材料基础性能的系统化研究,开阔PEEK及其增强材料的应用。
In order to do some more research deeply by knowing about the processing technics and the properties of PEEK, the basal experiments are very necessary. Basing on the fundamental experiments, the scholars can master and make use of the characteristic rule of PEEK and the enforced combination so that may exploit the new properties and make the products better.
In these experiments, just two kinds of materials are chosen to do the contrastive as the samples, PEEK and CF/PEEK. In the beginning, the author tries to prepare the material by the equipment in china academe to make more different components of CF enforced PEEK. But it fails. The material can't be offered the high enough temperature. Although a lot of scholars publish many papers about PEEK, rarely the materials are made in china. So PEEK and CF/PEEK are the only material can get from a famous foreign company in china. But some points of PEEK processing are given from the company too. The introductions still are made in the thesis which will guide the real processing. Please pay more attention to keeping the mold temperature uniform. The unsuccessful processing preparation proves that the melt flow can be affected without the uniform temperature.
Firstly, PEEK and CF/PEEK are tested by the infrared ray to make sure about the different component. And then do the friction experiments. The analysis of different frayed principle between PEEK and CF/PEEK is given by the surface of frictional samples so that we can control the performance of the materials. And the melting process between PEEK and CF/PEEK is analyzed by DSC. It is easy to find that CF/PEEK is so different especially in the person of frictional coefficient, the surface
Shape, pulling, curving, melting and crystal.
Knowing all of these above, the scholars have to make the system of foundational research results and open a lot of doors in the field of PEEK and the composite material.
本课题选用了PEEK以及CF/PEEK两种材料进行了对比试验。在课题开始初期,作者曾经尝试借用中科院的实验仪器制备PEEK及其增强材料,并且配置出不同百分比的增强材料进行实验对比,使得实验研究更加系统化。但是,制备过程需要极高的温度目前国内不具备相应实验条件,最终无法成行。尽管国内已经有很多PEEK方面的文章发表,经作者寻访,很多是在国外进行制备的。因此,仅仅采用了PEEK和CF/PEEK进行实验对比。但是,作者从PEEK及其聚合物的生产工厂,获得了PEEK现在生产工艺的要点,在本文中进行了介绍。由此,可以为今后PEEK及其增强材料的制备提供实际的指导意义。需要特别注意的是,在加工过程中保证模具的温度均匀。本实验曾经尝试的制备过程,就是因为CF/PEEK流动性差而无法成型。
本文用红外线光谱测试了PEEK与CF/PEEK之间的成分差异,对这两种材料进行了力学性能测试,摩擦性能测试以及热学性能测试。从不同的角度对比了PEEK及CF/PEEK的性能差异。通过实验很容易发现,CF增强后的PEEK在各个方面的性能都发生了显著的变化,特别体现在在摩擦系数、磨擦面形貌、拉伸、弯曲、熔融和结晶几个方面。
在掌握了以上的材料的变化后,今后,实验者可以通过掌握这些基础的性能和实验方法,扬长避短,继续完善PEEK及其增强材料基础性能的系统化研究,开阔PEEK及其增强材料的应用。
In order to do some more research deeply by knowing about the processing technics and the properties of PEEK, the basal experiments are very necessary. Basing on the fundamental experiments, the scholars can master and make use of the characteristic rule of PEEK and the enforced combination so that may exploit the new properties and make the products better.
In these experiments, just two kinds of materials are chosen to do the contrastive as the samples, PEEK and CF/PEEK. In the beginning, the author tries to prepare the material by the equipment in china academe to make more different components of CF enforced PEEK. But it fails. The material can't be offered the high enough temperature. Although a lot of scholars publish many papers about PEEK, rarely the materials are made in china. So PEEK and CF/PEEK are the only material can get from a famous foreign company in china. But some points of PEEK processing are given from the company too. The introductions still are made in the thesis which will guide the real processing. Please pay more attention to keeping the mold temperature uniform. The unsuccessful processing preparation proves that the melt flow can be affected without the uniform temperature.
Firstly, PEEK and CF/PEEK are tested by the infrared ray to make sure about the different component. And then do the friction experiments. The analysis of different frayed principle between PEEK and CF/PEEK is given by the surface of frictional samples so that we can control the performance of the materials. And the melting process between PEEK and CF/PEEK is analyzed by DSC. It is easy to find that CF/PEEK is so different especially in the person of frictional coefficient, the surface
Shape, pulling, curving, melting and crystal.
Knowing all of these above, the scholars have to make the system of foundational research results and open a lot of doors in the field of PEEK and the composite material.
引文
[1]赫章来,吴丽.聚醚醚酮的生产应用及发展前景[J].化工新型材料,1,2004,32(4):43-44.
[2]颜红侠,宁荣昌,马晓燕.聚醚醚酮自润滑复合材料的研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2000,28(3):15-16.
[3]赵纯,张玉龙聚醚醚酮复合材料[M].化学工业出版社.2006.5:44
[4]李良.训高分子物理学[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1990.
[5]王汉夫,等.PEEK-PEDEK嵌段共聚物非等温结晶动力学研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2004,7,1378-1380.
[6]那辉,等.聚醚醚酮酮和含联苯聚醚醚酮酮共聚物的熔融热[J].高等学校化学学报,1996,7,1133-1136.
[7]付宏刚,等.PEEK-PES共混体系热稳定性研究和热分解动力学参数的计算[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报,1993,6.
[8]付宏刚,等.DSC法研究聚醚砜-聚醚醚酮共混物的相容性和热性能[J].Chemistry and Adhesion,1994.
[9]来育梅,等.PEEK/PEI共混物的相容性和结晶行为研究[J].塑料工程,2006,6.
[10]屈乃琴.先进复合材料的研究现状与应用[J].纤维复合材料,1995(1):44-45.
[11]J Hanchi,N S Eiss.Dry sliding friction and wear of short carbon fiber reinforced polytheretherketone at elevated temperatures[J].wear,1997,(203-204):380-386.
[12]Voort.J.V.etal.Wear,1995,(212):181-183.
[13]D M Elliott,J Fisher,D T Cark.Effect of counterface surface roughness and its evolution on the wear and friction of PEEK and PEEK-bond carbon fibre composites on the steel.Wear,1998,217:288-296.
[14]A Wang,R lin,V K Polineni.Carbon fiber renforced polyetheretherketone composites as a bearing surface for total hip replacement.Tribology International,1998,31(11):661-667.
[15]张人佶,冯显灿.聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的摩擦学研究进展[J].材料研究学报,2002,16(1):1-7.
[16]Yuji Yamamoto,Masaaki Hashimoto.Friction and wear of water lubricated PEEK and PPS sliding contacts Part 2.composites with carbon or glass fiber.Wear,2004,(257):181-189.
[17]J Flock,K Friedrich,Q Yuan.On the friction and wear behavior of PAN- and Pitch- carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites.Wear,1999,(225-229):304-311.
[18]陈世仁.碳纤维增强PEEK复合材料摩擦磨损性的研究[S].2007.
[19]张志毅.CF/PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损行为研究[J].中山大学学报,自然科学版,35(6):15-18.
[20]付国太,等.PEEK的特性及应用[J].工程塑料应用,2006,34(10):69.
[21]孙曼灵.增强塑料-细观结构与力学性能[M].西北工业大学出版社出版,1990.
[22]B H Stuart,Tribology Intern[M].1998,31,647.
[23]J.E.Harris,L.M.Robeson,J.Applied Polymer Science[M].1998,35,1887.
[24]G Crevecoeur,G Groeninckz,Macromelecules[M].1991,24,1190.
[25]J H Yoo,N S Eiss.Wear[M].1993,162,418.
[26]J E Harris,N S Eiss,Tribology Intern[M].1994,27,494.
[27]B H Stuart,B J Briscoe,High Performance Polymer[M].1996,8,275.
[28]P B Mody,T W Chou,K Friedrich.Effect of testing conditions and microstructure on the sliding wear of graphite fiber/PEEK matrix composites[J].1998,23:4319-4330.
[29]B J Briscoe,L H Yao,T A Stolarsky.The friction and wear of PTFE/PEEK composites:an initial appraisal of the optimum composition[J].Wear,1986,108:357-374.
[30]ASchelling,H H Kausch,A Coulin.Frietion behavior of polyetheretherketone under dry Proeation movement[J].Wear,1991,151:129-142.
[31]冯显灿,等.碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料滑动摩擦转移膜的ESCA研究.材料科学与工程,1999,65,17(1).
[32]张人佶.碳纤维增强复合材料碳纤维磨屑的SEM观测[J].电子显微学报,1994,6(6),452.
[33]张志毅,曾汉民.聚醚醚酮的结晶与熔融行为研究[J].高分子材料科学与工 程,1992,6,51.
[34]路奎梅,孙振东.DSC法测CPE结晶度的影响因素[J].氯碱工业,2004,10.
[35]J E Harris,L M Robeson J.Applied Polymer Science,1988,35,1877.
[36]Buggy M,Carew A.The effect of thermal ageing on carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone(PEEK).J Mater Sci,1994,29:2255-9.
[37]Stuart B H and Briscoe B J.Scratch hardness studies of poly(ether ether ketone)[J].P loymer,1996,37:3819-3824.
[38]包世星,等.差示扫描量热法测定塑料的熔融和结晶温度及热焓[J].炼油与化工.16:34.
[2]颜红侠,宁荣昌,马晓燕.聚醚醚酮自润滑复合材料的研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2000,28(3):15-16.
[3]赵纯,张玉龙聚醚醚酮复合材料[M].化学工业出版社.2006.5:44
[4]李良.训高分子物理学[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1990.
[5]王汉夫,等.PEEK-PEDEK嵌段共聚物非等温结晶动力学研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2004,7,1378-1380.
[6]那辉,等.聚醚醚酮酮和含联苯聚醚醚酮酮共聚物的熔融热[J].高等学校化学学报,1996,7,1133-1136.
[7]付宏刚,等.PEEK-PES共混体系热稳定性研究和热分解动力学参数的计算[J].黑龙江大学自然科学学报,1993,6.
[8]付宏刚,等.DSC法研究聚醚砜-聚醚醚酮共混物的相容性和热性能[J].Chemistry and Adhesion,1994.
[9]来育梅,等.PEEK/PEI共混物的相容性和结晶行为研究[J].塑料工程,2006,6.
[10]屈乃琴.先进复合材料的研究现状与应用[J].纤维复合材料,1995(1):44-45.
[11]J Hanchi,N S Eiss.Dry sliding friction and wear of short carbon fiber reinforced polytheretherketone at elevated temperatures[J].wear,1997,(203-204):380-386.
[12]Voort.J.V.etal.Wear,1995,(212):181-183.
[13]D M Elliott,J Fisher,D T Cark.Effect of counterface surface roughness and its evolution on the wear and friction of PEEK and PEEK-bond carbon fibre composites on the steel.Wear,1998,217:288-296.
[14]A Wang,R lin,V K Polineni.Carbon fiber renforced polyetheretherketone composites as a bearing surface for total hip replacement.Tribology International,1998,31(11):661-667.
[15]张人佶,冯显灿.聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的摩擦学研究进展[J].材料研究学报,2002,16(1):1-7.
[16]Yuji Yamamoto,Masaaki Hashimoto.Friction and wear of water lubricated PEEK and PPS sliding contacts Part 2.composites with carbon or glass fiber.Wear,2004,(257):181-189.
[17]J Flock,K Friedrich,Q Yuan.On the friction and wear behavior of PAN- and Pitch- carbon fiber reinforced PEEK composites.Wear,1999,(225-229):304-311.
[18]陈世仁.碳纤维增强PEEK复合材料摩擦磨损性的研究[S].2007.
[19]张志毅.CF/PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损行为研究[J].中山大学学报,自然科学版,35(6):15-18.
[20]付国太,等.PEEK的特性及应用[J].工程塑料应用,2006,34(10):69.
[21]孙曼灵.增强塑料-细观结构与力学性能[M].西北工业大学出版社出版,1990.
[22]B H Stuart,Tribology Intern[M].1998,31,647.
[23]J.E.Harris,L.M.Robeson,J.Applied Polymer Science[M].1998,35,1887.
[24]G Crevecoeur,G Groeninckz,Macromelecules[M].1991,24,1190.
[25]J H Yoo,N S Eiss.Wear[M].1993,162,418.
[26]J E Harris,N S Eiss,Tribology Intern[M].1994,27,494.
[27]B H Stuart,B J Briscoe,High Performance Polymer[M].1996,8,275.
[28]P B Mody,T W Chou,K Friedrich.Effect of testing conditions and microstructure on the sliding wear of graphite fiber/PEEK matrix composites[J].1998,23:4319-4330.
[29]B J Briscoe,L H Yao,T A Stolarsky.The friction and wear of PTFE/PEEK composites:an initial appraisal of the optimum composition[J].Wear,1986,108:357-374.
[30]ASchelling,H H Kausch,A Coulin.Frietion behavior of polyetheretherketone under dry Proeation movement[J].Wear,1991,151:129-142.
[31]冯显灿,等.碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料滑动摩擦转移膜的ESCA研究.材料科学与工程,1999,65,17(1).
[32]张人佶.碳纤维增强复合材料碳纤维磨屑的SEM观测[J].电子显微学报,1994,6(6),452.
[33]张志毅,曾汉民.聚醚醚酮的结晶与熔融行为研究[J].高分子材料科学与工 程,1992,6,51.
[34]路奎梅,孙振东.DSC法测CPE结晶度的影响因素[J].氯碱工业,2004,10.
[35]J E Harris,L M Robeson J.Applied Polymer Science,1988,35,1877.
[36]Buggy M,Carew A.The effect of thermal ageing on carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone(PEEK).J Mater Sci,1994,29:2255-9.
[37]Stuart B H and Briscoe B J.Scratch hardness studies of poly(ether ether ketone)[J].P loymer,1996,37:3819-3824.
[38]包世星,等.差示扫描量热法测定塑料的熔融和结晶温度及热焓[J].炼油与化工.16:34.