可见光和近红外光敏感的邻硝基苄基类药物释放体系研究
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摘要
随着现代生物医学技术的快速发展,人类对药物的需求与日俱增。而开发一种新药不但需要耗费大量的人力物力,而且时间也很漫长,一般需要几年甚至几十年。因此,在现有药物基础上通过改变药物释放方式等方法来开发传统药物的潜力是一种可以替代的途径。其中,可控药物释放体系因为具有利于提高药效、降低药物在生物体内的毒副作用等原因,现已成为生物医药领域的重要研究方向之一。
光通过与物体之间的非物理性接触,可以实现时间和空间上的二维可控。因此,光控药物释放体系的设计与制备引起了科学家们的广泛关注。现有光敏基团在应用中存在一系列亟待解决的问题,例如光解效率较低以及只能用紫外光激发等问题。本文在传统的邻硝基苄基光敏基团的基础上设计合成了一类新型的、具有较大共轭体系的邻硝基苄基作为新的光可降解基团。其最大的紫外-可见吸收峰的位置红移了20nm。因此,可以在可见光激发快速、高效地释放抗癌药物苯丁酸氮芥,释放过程可以通过光来进行调节。另外,该光敏基团具有20GM的双光子吸收截面,可以通过近红外光激光激发,同样可以释放出前药分子。我们对这一类具有可见光和近红外光敏感的临硝基苄基类前药分子光化学与光物理性质做了详细的研究。
此外,我们还设计和制备了邻硝基苄基和聚乙二醇改性的光敏壳聚糖纳米粒子药物释放体系,在可见光照射下改性的壳聚糖纳米粒子可以释放出疏水药物模型,染料尼罗红。
With the rapid development of modern biomedical technologies, more and more new drugs are needed. However, to develop a new drug is not very easy, it needs not only a lot of manpower and materials resources, but also time which usually takes years or even decades. So, it is a new route to use the traditional drugs by changing the drug's delivery systems. In these ways, the controlled drug release systems played important roles in the biomedical areas because of their abilities in improving drug efficacies and reducing the side effects in vivo.
Through the non-physical contact mode with objects, light can achieve a two-dimensional interaction with objects in time and space. And the design and preparations of different kinds of photo-regulated drug delivery systems have attracted much attention recently. However, there are a lot of drawbacks to be solved in the using photo-sensitive groups in biomedicine, such as the low photocleavage efficiency and UV-responsive only. In this thesis, we designed and synthesized a new class of o-nitrobenzyl ether by enhancing the conjugation system and it maximum peak in UV-vis absorption red-shifted 20nm. And the anti-cancer drug, chlorambucil can be released upon irradiation by visible light. In addition, the photosensitive groups have a two-photon cross section of 20 GM at 800 nm, and the prodrugs could also be photoreleased by near infrared laser. We have studied the photochemical and photophysics properties of these visible and near-infrared light sensitive o-nitrobenzyl prodrugs.
In the end, we have also designed and prepared chitosan nanoparticles drug delivery system with the same o-nitrobenzyl photosensitive group and polyethylene glycol modifications. The gained chitosan derivatives nanoparticles released hydrophobic drug model, Nile red, upon visible light irradiation.
光通过与物体之间的非物理性接触,可以实现时间和空间上的二维可控。因此,光控药物释放体系的设计与制备引起了科学家们的广泛关注。现有光敏基团在应用中存在一系列亟待解决的问题,例如光解效率较低以及只能用紫外光激发等问题。本文在传统的邻硝基苄基光敏基团的基础上设计合成了一类新型的、具有较大共轭体系的邻硝基苄基作为新的光可降解基团。其最大的紫外-可见吸收峰的位置红移了20nm。因此,可以在可见光激发快速、高效地释放抗癌药物苯丁酸氮芥,释放过程可以通过光来进行调节。另外,该光敏基团具有20GM的双光子吸收截面,可以通过近红外光激光激发,同样可以释放出前药分子。我们对这一类具有可见光和近红外光敏感的临硝基苄基类前药分子光化学与光物理性质做了详细的研究。
此外,我们还设计和制备了邻硝基苄基和聚乙二醇改性的光敏壳聚糖纳米粒子药物释放体系,在可见光照射下改性的壳聚糖纳米粒子可以释放出疏水药物模型,染料尼罗红。
With the rapid development of modern biomedical technologies, more and more new drugs are needed. However, to develop a new drug is not very easy, it needs not only a lot of manpower and materials resources, but also time which usually takes years or even decades. So, it is a new route to use the traditional drugs by changing the drug's delivery systems. In these ways, the controlled drug release systems played important roles in the biomedical areas because of their abilities in improving drug efficacies and reducing the side effects in vivo.
Through the non-physical contact mode with objects, light can achieve a two-dimensional interaction with objects in time and space. And the design and preparations of different kinds of photo-regulated drug delivery systems have attracted much attention recently. However, there are a lot of drawbacks to be solved in the using photo-sensitive groups in biomedicine, such as the low photocleavage efficiency and UV-responsive only. In this thesis, we designed and synthesized a new class of o-nitrobenzyl ether by enhancing the conjugation system and it maximum peak in UV-vis absorption red-shifted 20nm. And the anti-cancer drug, chlorambucil can be released upon irradiation by visible light. In addition, the photosensitive groups have a two-photon cross section of 20 GM at 800 nm, and the prodrugs could also be photoreleased by near infrared laser. We have studied the photochemical and photophysics properties of these visible and near-infrared light sensitive o-nitrobenzyl prodrugs.
In the end, we have also designed and prepared chitosan nanoparticles drug delivery system with the same o-nitrobenzyl photosensitive group and polyethylene glycol modifications. The gained chitosan derivatives nanoparticles released hydrophobic drug model, Nile red, upon visible light irradiation.
引文
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