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鄂尔多斯盆地测井成岩相判别
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田是中国最大的天然气气田,近年来通过对其主力气层盒8、山1段的研究表明,成岩相是控制该区油气成藏的重要因素之一,为了能够大范围对未取心地层准确判别成岩相,最为有效的方法是利用地球物理信息,但成岩相测井特征因受岩石成份、粒度及多类型、多期次成岩作用叠加的影响,表现复杂多样,多解性强,这些特点使利用地球物理信息判别成岩相类型准确率较低。本文针对成岩相判别中存在的问题,以岩性作为成岩相判别单元,进行成岩相测井响应特征提取及利用模式识别算法判别,这一方法不仅能够减弱储集体成分、粒度等因素对成岩相测井特征的影响,同时控制了判别单元中成岩相类型数量。其次,提出黏土矿物比值(R),定量反映成岩作用类型及成岩过程中孔隙流体酸碱性,对比黏土矿物含量与成岩作用类型间关系,提高判别结果准确性,黏土矿物含量计算主要对比斯伦贝谢图版法、BP神经网络法及三孔隙度法,最终选取三孔隙度法对苏里格盒8、山1段地层进行计算。最后,根据成岩相对孔缝演化作用的不同,结合测井特征定义测井成岩相概念、划分方案及判别流程,在Matlab平台,利用基于不同模式识别原理的支持向量机(SVM)、极限学习机(ELM)及概率神经网络(PNN)构建SEP测井成岩相判别方法,分析不同测井组合下判别能力。并以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区上古生界石盒子组盒8上、盒8下及山1段为例,通过43口钻井的测井成岩相判别结果与实际取芯成岩相鉴别结果相比较,在岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩储集体中,测井成岩相判别符合率为83.64%,在含泥岩屑砂岩和含泥岩屑石英砂岩中判别符合率为81%。在单井测井成岩相判别结果的基础上,建立南北、东西两条连井剖面,横向对比扩容相和保护相发育规律,通过与实际试气结果相印证,扩容相发育区域在实际试气中基本为气层及气水同层,无差气层存在,破坏相发育区域基本为气水同层和差气层,证实了测井成岩相对油气成藏的控制作用及成岩相判别的准确性,对大范围未取心井段准确判别成岩相提出新的方法及理论依据。
     本文通过对测井成岩相判别,取得了以下认识:
     1、提出测井成岩相概念、划分方法及识别流程。测井成岩相是表征地层特征,并且为对孔缝演化作用近似成岩相的一组测井特征集,是储集体经历多期次、多类型成岩作用的最终状态和相应的地球物理反映特征的一个集合。测井成岩相的提出为大范围未取心段准确判别成岩相提出了新的方法;
     2、成岩相测井特征的复杂性和多解性是由岩石成份、粒度及多期次、多类型成岩作用叠加对测井信息影响造成的。采用分岩性分析成岩作用、提取成岩相测井特征及判别可以有效的减小测井特征的多解性,提高测井成岩相的判别准确率;
     3、提出黏土矿物比值(R),反映成岩过程中孔隙流体酸碱性,提高测井成岩相判别准确性。同时针对苏里格地区盒8、山1段地层黏土矿物,对比斯伦贝谢图版法、BP神经网络法及三孔隙度法解释结果,认为在放射性物质含量较高地层,三孔隙度法解释结果更为理想;
     4、将鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区发育的12种成岩作用归类为8种成岩相,最终定义为3种测井成岩相。在岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩储集体中测井成岩相判别符合率为83.64%,在含泥岩屑砂岩和含泥岩屑石英砂岩中判别符合率为81%。其中扩容相判别结果与实际试气结果相比较,扩容相发育区域基本为气层及气水同层,无差气层存在,破坏相发育区域基本为差气层;
     5、将支持向量机、极限学习机和概率神经网络组成SEP测井成岩相判别法,SEP测井成岩相判别结果与单方法判别结果相比,判别率有1.1%提高,最低判别率提高4%,说明了SEP法对测井特征明显的测井成岩相判别结果与单一神经网络在参数最优情况下判别结果是近似的,而对多解性测井成岩相判别结果更理想;
     6、神经网络训练集中成岩相的测井特征是影响神经网络判别能力的重要因素,在测井特征提取过程中,应针对每个样本点进行严格深度归位及井径校正,特别在砂泥互层频繁层位的样本点,应利用方波化等手段减小深度归位的误差及临层岩性对取样点测井信息的影响,保证神经网络训练集中成岩相测井特征的准确性;
     7、测井信息是利用不同物理探测手段对储集体成份、结构的反应,因此在测井成岩相判别过程中,应对比不同测井组合下的测井成岩相判别结果;
     8、研究区石英砂岩储层主要发育于盆地西缘,成份、成岩作用单一,针对这类储集体可利用孔隙度法、图版法及压实法等手段判别成岩作用类型及发育强度。
     本文创新点主要有:
     1、提出了测井成岩相概念、划分方法及识别流程,对大范围无取心段地层准确判别成岩相提出新的方法及理论依据。
     2、提出了SEP测井成岩相综合判别法,并实现了相应的软件系统。该方法分单元判别测井成岩相,能够提高多解性测井特征成岩相判别准确性,可进行全井段测井成岩相自动判别。
     3、提出黏土矿物比值(R)。该比值能够反映成岩作用过程中孔隙流体酸碱性,是提高测井成岩相判别准确性的一个重要参数。
Sulige gas field where is in the Ordos basin is the largest one in the China. In the recentyears.Based on the study to the He8and shan1section.we know that diagenetic facies is one ofthe important factor to control hydrocarbon accumulation.When using the well logging data toidengtify the diagenetic facies.its Logging characteristics have been impacted by the rockcomposition and the cumulated influence of many kinds diagenesis.Logging characteristics showcomplex.And the logging characteristics have so many interpret results.The results of identifiedthe diagenetic facies is not accurate enough by the logging characteristics.In this paper.forsolveing the problems.At first.we make lithology as a unit to extraction of logging responsecharacteristics and identify the facies. This method not only removed the influences oflithologic.but also control the number of dagenetic facies by the Rock skeleton particlecomposition.At second. compare the clay minerals content of explain the results withAchlumberger Engraving method.BP artificaial neural and three porosity method.Choose the bestmethod to calculation of clay mineral content. Clay mineral content ratio (R) can represent thepore fluid acid and alkaline in the diagenetic process and reflect the diagenetic facies types.Improve the accuracy of determination results. At last. According to the different function ofdiagenetic relative hole sew evolution. Define the concept of logging diageneticfacies,classification scheme and identifying process. Using the support vector machines(SVM).extreme Learning Machine(ELM) and pobabilistic neural network(PNN) which based on thedifferent classification principle to compare the ability of identifing the facies by the differentlogging combination.Put forward a new method and theoretical basis for a wide range of coringinterval accurately judging diagenetic facies. For example At the same time.We focus on suligehe8and shan1reservoir body in the ordos. form a SEP recognition module. Choosing the bestcombination logging to identify logs diagenetic facies. Finally the accuracy rate of logs diageneticfacies identify is83.64%in the litharenite and lithic quartz sandstone, in the mud litharenite andmud lithic quartz sandstone is81%through this method in the He8section of Sulige area OrdosBasin. And the gas testings results are general gas reservoirs or gas and water reservoirs. the poorgas reservoirs barely exist in the area which is widely develop corrosion facies.
     From the contrast of results of pattern recognition algorithms discriminant logging diagenetic facies and actual coring analysis. The following major knowledge have been got.
     1、 We defined the concept of logging diagenetic facies,classification scheme andidentifying process.The logging diagenetic facies.reflect the formation characteristics and is alogging feature set for the diagenetic facies which is have the same influence on the porosity andcrack evolution.
     2、 The logging feature of logs diagenetic facies was complex have two major reasons.Oneis the rock skeleton particle composition. Another is much period and kinds diagenesis stack. wemake lithology as a unit to extraction of logging response characteristics and identify the facies.This method not only removed the influences of lithologic.but also control the number ofdagenetic facies by the Rock skeleton particle composition.
     3、 We difine the clay mineral ratio (R).compare the clay minerals content of explain theresults with Achlumberger Engraving method.BP artificaial neural and three porositymethod.Choose the best method to calculation of clay mineral content. Clay mineral content ratio(R) can represent the pore fluid acid and alkaline in the diagenetic process and reflect thediagenetic facies types. Improve the accuracy of determination results.
     4、 We divided12kinds of diagenesises and8kinds of diagenetic facies into3kinds oflogging diagenetic facies. At last. the accuracy rate of logs diagenetic facies identify is83.64%inthe litharenite and lithic quartz sandstone, in the mud litharenite and mud lithic quartz sandstoneis81%through this method in the He8section of Sulige area Ordos Basin.. The area of denudationfacies essentially are gas reservoir or water and gas reservoir. No poor gas reservoir. The area ofdestructive facies are poor gas reservoir.
     5、 The SEP logging diagnenetic facies discrimination methods is make up of the supportvector machines and extreme Learning Machine and pobabilistic neural network by theconformity principle. The results of this compared with single method have improved1.1%atbest. and improvd4%at worst. I think this is a further reason the method of SEP improve theresults of identify at best is limited. But it have big lead in the multi solution identified loggingdiagnenetic facies.
     6、 The logging features of logging diagnenetic facies are the most important factorsinfluence on neural network discriminate ability in the training set. In the process of built trainingset with the logging feature. For the every sample point must strictly correct the depth. Thesample point in the frequent sand mud interbed layers should block to ensure accuracy. Improvingthe identify ability.
     7、 Well-logging information is the reflect for the reservoir composition and structure by thedifferent physical detection methods. So in the process of identify the logging diagnenetic facies wo must contrast results by the logging different combination.
     8、 The quartz sandstone reservoir are major development in the west basin. In this area.The composition of quartz sandstone is simple. Therefore for this kind of reservoir.we canchoose the method of porosity or chart or compaction and so on. and could identify the loggingdiagnenetic facies effective.
     Thie paper has three innovation points:
     1、 We defined the concept of logging diagenetic facies,classification scheme andidentifying process.It put forward a new method and theoretical basis for a wide range identifydiagenetic facies in the not cored interval.
     2、 Used the method of SEP Well-Logging Diagenetic Facies identification in the differentunits. It can improve accuracy of diagenetic facies which is have multiple solution of loggingcharacteristics.
     3、 We difine the clay mineral ratio (R). It can represent the pore fluid acid and alkaline inthe diagenetic process and reflect the diagenetic facies types. Improve the accuracy ofdetermination results.
引文
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