自适应逆控制及其在有源噪声控制中的应用
|
摘要
论文研究了自适应逆控制的自适应算法和结构，对原来的自适应逆控制进行改进，提出了一些新的自适应逆控制方法，提高了系统的跟踪性能和收敛速度。给出了自适应逆控制在有源噪声控制中的应用，针对它的特点，提出了一种新的噪声控制策略。
首先在经典的自适应逆控制理论的基础上，引入了模糊方法，实现了一种收敛过程的时变控制。模糊控制改进了自适应逆控制系统中LMS算法的性能，解决了恒定步长因子带来的收敛速度和失调量之间的矛盾。
其次研究了以自适应IIR滤波器为控制器的自适应逆控制方法。给出一种基于U-滤波LMS算法的自适应逆控制结构。这样就使得自适应算法的计算量得到显著的降低，它同时提高了调节精度，对于参考模型的输出具有着非常优良的跟踪性能。这种结构具有实际应用价值，拓宽了自适应逆控制的应用领域。
最后将构造的基于U-滤波LMS算法的自适应逆控制方法应用到有源噪声控制当中。与传统的有源噪声控制进行了性能比较，证明了自适应逆控制的优越性。另外针对有源噪声控制的特点，着重推导了一种可分离控制器的自适应算法。采用分离控制器的自适应逆控制结构，并使用matlab进行仿真，降噪效果令人满意。
The paper studies the adaptive algorithm and structure of adaptive inverse control. It improves the original adaptive inverse control and then brings forward some new adaptive inverse control methods to enhance the tracking performance and convergence velocity. The paper gives the application of adaptive inverse control in active noise control. According to its traits, a new noise control strategy is provided.
Firstly, fuzzy control is introduced to the classical Adaptive inverse control theory to realize a controller varied with time in convergence process. Fuzzy control improves the performance of LMS algorithm and resolves the contradiction between convergence velocity and misadjustment which is brought by fixed step factor.
Secondly, an adaptive inverse control methods with adaptive IIR filter as controller is researched. Also an adaptive inverse control structure based on filtered-U LMS algorithm is given. It markedly reduces the computation of adaptive algorithm. And furthermore it enhances the adjustment precision. It has perfect tracking performance towards the output of reference model. So it has much practicality and widen the application area of adaptive inverse control.
Finally, the adaptive inverse control methods based on filtered-U LMS algorithm is used in active noise control. At the same time its performance is compared with the traditional one. The result proves the superiority of adaptive inverse control. In addition the adaptive algorithm of separable controller is emphatically educed. Adaptive inverse control structure with separable controller is adopted. The result of simulation in matlab is satisfactory.
首先在经典的自适应逆控制理论的基础上，引入了模糊方法，实现了一种收敛过程的时变控制。模糊控制改进了自适应逆控制系统中LMS算法的性能，解决了恒定步长因子带来的收敛速度和失调量之间的矛盾。
其次研究了以自适应IIR滤波器为控制器的自适应逆控制方法。给出一种基于U-滤波LMS算法的自适应逆控制结构。这样就使得自适应算法的计算量得到显著的降低，它同时提高了调节精度，对于参考模型的输出具有着非常优良的跟踪性能。这种结构具有实际应用价值，拓宽了自适应逆控制的应用领域。
最后将构造的基于U-滤波LMS算法的自适应逆控制方法应用到有源噪声控制当中。与传统的有源噪声控制进行了性能比较，证明了自适应逆控制的优越性。另外针对有源噪声控制的特点，着重推导了一种可分离控制器的自适应算法。采用分离控制器的自适应逆控制结构，并使用matlab进行仿真，降噪效果令人满意。
The paper studies the adaptive algorithm and structure of adaptive inverse control. It improves the original adaptive inverse control and then brings forward some new adaptive inverse control methods to enhance the tracking performance and convergence velocity. The paper gives the application of adaptive inverse control in active noise control. According to its traits, a new noise control strategy is provided.
Firstly, fuzzy control is introduced to the classical Adaptive inverse control theory to realize a controller varied with time in convergence process. Fuzzy control improves the performance of LMS algorithm and resolves the contradiction between convergence velocity and misadjustment which is brought by fixed step factor.
Secondly, an adaptive inverse control methods with adaptive IIR filter as controller is researched. Also an adaptive inverse control structure based on filtered-U LMS algorithm is given. It markedly reduces the computation of adaptive algorithm. And furthermore it enhances the adjustment precision. It has perfect tracking performance towards the output of reference model. So it has much practicality and widen the application area of adaptive inverse control.
Finally, the adaptive inverse control methods based on filtered-U LMS algorithm is used in active noise control. At the same time its performance is compared with the traditional one. The result proves the superiority of adaptive inverse control. In addition the adaptive algorithm of separable controller is emphatically educed. Adaptive inverse control structure with separable controller is adopted. The result of simulation in matlab is satisfactory.
引文
1 B.Widrow, K.M.Duvall, R.P.Gooch, and W.C.Newman. Signal Cancellation Pheno-mena in Adaptive Antennas:Causes and Curses. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag,1982, 30:469-478
2 F.Gabriel. Adaptive arrays－An introduction. Proc.IEEE,1976,64:239-272
3 R.T.Compton, JR., R.J.Huff,. Adaptive Arrays for Communication Systems:An Ove-rview of Research at the Ohio State University. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag,1976,24(5):599-606
4 O.L.Frost. An Algorithm for Linearly Constrained Adaptive Array Processing. Proc.IEEE,1972,60:926-935
5 Walach. On Superresolution Effects in Maximum-likelihood Antenna Arrays. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag,1984,32(3):259-263
6 K.Jablon. Steady Stateanalysis of the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller by Adaptive Noise Canceling Techniques. IEEE Trans.Antenna Progag,1986,34: 330-337
7 D.Gitlin, J.F.Hayes and S.B.Weinstein. Data Communications Principles. New York:Plenum ,1992
8 S.Qureshi. Adaptive Equalization－a Comprehensive Review. IEEE CommunicationsMagazine,1982:9-16
9 S.J.Campanella, H.G.Suyderhoud and M.Onufry. Analysis of an Adaptive Impulse Response Echo Canceller. Comsat Tech,1972,2(1):1-37
10 D.L.Duttweiler. A Twelve-channel Digital Echo Canceller. IEEE Trans. Communic-ation,1978,26:647-653
11 D.L.Duttweiler, Y.S.Chen. Preformance and Features of a Single Chip FLSI Echo Canceller. NTC 79,Washington,1979:17-19
12 M.M.Sondhi, D.A.Nerkley. Silencing Echoes on the Telephone Network. Proc.IEEE,1980(68):948
13 M.M.Sondhi, A.J.Presti. A Self-adaptive Echo Canceller. Bell Sytst. Tech. 1966(45):1851-1854
14 D.D.Falconer, K.H.Mueller and s.b.Weinstein. Simultaneous Two-way Data Transm-ission over a Two-wire Circuit. Proc.NTC,Dallas,1976
15 F.K.Becker, H.R.Rudin. Appliction of Automatic Transversal Filters to the Problemof echo Suppression. Bell Syst. Tech.,1966(45):1847-1850
N.Demytko, L.K.Mackechnie. A High Speed Digital Adaptive Echo Canceller. Aust.
16 Telecommun.Rev.,1973,7:20-27
17 L.J.Griffiths. Rapid Measurement of Instantaneous Frequency. IEEE Trans.Acoust, 1975,23:209-222
18 J.I.Makhoul, L.K.Cosell. Adaptive Lattice Analysis of Speech. IEEE Trans.Acoust, 1981,29:654
19 F.Itakura, S.Saito. Digital Filtering Techniques for Speech Analysis and Synthesis. Proc.7th Int.Conf.Acoust,1971,3:261
20 M.Morf, A.Vieira, D.T.Lee. Ladder Forms for Identification and Speech Processing.Proc.1977 IEEE Conf. Decision and Control,1977:1074-1078
21 K.Astrom, B.Wittenmark. Adaptive Control. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley,1989
22 方丹群,王文奇,孙家麒. 噪声控制.北京:北京出版社,1986
23 环保工作者实用手册.北京:冶金工业出版社,1984
24 杨玉致.机械噪声控制技术.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983
25 B.Widrow. Adaptive Model Control Applied to Real-time Blood-pressure Regulation.Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, New York, Plenum Rress,1971:310-324
26 B.Widrow, J.Mccool, and B.MEDOFF. Adaptive control by inverse modeling. Conf.Rec. of 12th Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Sant Clara, Systems and Computers,1978:90-94
27 B.Widrow, D.Shur and S.Shaffer. On Adaptive Inverse Control. Conf. Rec. of 15thAsilomar Conference on Circuits,Santa Clara, Systems and Computers,1981:185-189
28 S.Shaffer. Adaptive Inverse-model Control. Stanford University,1982
29 B.Wirow, S.D.Stearns. Adaptive Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall, 1985
30 E.Walach and B.Widrow. Adaptive Signal Processing For Adaptive Control. IFAC Workshop on Adaptive Systems in Control and Signal Processing,1986
31 Widrow, E.Walach.自适应逆控制. 刘树棠,韩崇昭.西安:西安交通大学, 2000
32 H.J.Olson, E.G.May. Elcctionic Sound Absorber. JASA,1953,25(6):1130-1136
33 W.B.Conover. Fighting Noise with Noise. Noise Control,1956
34 C.F.Ross. An Algorithm for Designing A Broadband Active Sound Control System.J.Sound and Vib.,1982,80:373-380
35 C.F.Ross. An Adaptive Digital Filter for Broadband Active Sound Control. J.Soundand Vib.,1982,80:381-388
36 A.Roure. Self-Adaptive Broadband Active Sound Control System. J.Sound and Vib.,1985,10:429-411
37 J.C.Burgess. Active Adaptive Sound Control in a Duct: A Computer Simlations.J. Acoust.Soc.Am.,1983,70:715-726
38 陈克安,马远良. 自适应有源噪声控制——原理,算法及实现. 西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993
39 N.Wiener. Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoohting of Stationary Time Series w-ith Engineering Application. New York:John-Wiley
40 H.W.Bode,C.E.Shannon. A Simplified Derivation of Linear Least Square Smoothingand Prediction Theory. Proc.IRE.,Vol38:417-425
41 R.V.Southwell. Relaxation Methods in Engineering Science. New York:Oxford
42 D.J.Wilde. Optimum Seeking Methods. Enlewood Cliffs.NJ:Prentice Hall,1964
43 B.Wirow, M.E.Hopf. Adaptive Switching Cricuits. IRE WESCON Conv.Rec.,1960: 96-104
44 B.Widrow, J.M.Mccool. A Comparison of Adaptive Algorithms Based on the Met-hods of Steepest Descent and Random Search. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,1976,24(5):615-637
45 B.Widrow, J.M.Mccool, M.G.Larimore. Stationary and Nonstationary Learning Char-acteristics of the LMS Adaptive Filter. Proc.IEEE,1976, 64(8):615-1162
46 B.Widrow. Adaptive Filters. Claris. Aspercts of Network and System Theory.ed. R.E.Kalman and N.De, New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1970: 563-587
47 B.Widrow, E.Walach. On the Statistical Efficiency of the LMS Algorithm with N-onstationary Inputs. IEEE Trans.Info.Theory－Special Issue on Adaptive Filtering, 1984,30(2):211-221
48 J.Glover. Adaptive Noise cancellig Applied to Sinusoidal Interferences. IEEE Trans.Acoust,1977,25(6):484-491
49 M.J.Shensha. Non-Wiener Solutions of the Adaptive Noise Canceller with a Noisy Reference. IEEE Trans.Acoust,1980,28:468
50 L.J.Griffiths. An Adaptive Lattice Structure for Noise-Cancelling Applications. Proc.ICASSP-78,1978:87
51 L.J.Griffiths, R.S.Medaugh. Convergence Properties of an Adaptive Noise Cancellin-g Lattice Structure. Proc.1978 IEEE Conf.Decision and Control,1979:1357-1361
52 B.Widrow. Adaptive Noise Cancelling－Principles and Applications. Proc.IEEE,1975,63(12):1692-1716
53 L.A.Zadeh. Fuzzy Sets. Informat Control,1965,8:338-353
54 L.A.Zadeh. Fuzzy Algorithm. Infomat Control,1968,12:94-102
55 L.A.Zadeh. A Rationale for Fuzzy Control. Trans. ASME, J. Dynam. Syst. Measur.Control, 1972,94:3-4
56 李径定,方卓毅,张利军等. 车辆车厢噪声自适应有源控制. 汽车技术,2000(5):9-12
57 张奇志,贾永乐,周雅莉. 噪声有源反馈控制的递归神经网络方法. 自动化学报,2000,增刊B:111-115
58 S.J.Yang, S.J.Elliot. Machinery Noise Measurement. London:Oxford Univ. Press, 1989
59 沈福民.自适应信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:206-208
60 张乃尧,阎平凡.神经网络与模糊控制.北京:清华大学出版社,1998:186-189
61 诸静等.模糊控制原理与应用.北京机械工业出版社,2001:196-210
2 F.Gabriel. Adaptive arrays－An introduction. Proc.IEEE,1976,64:239-272
3 R.T.Compton, JR., R.J.Huff,. Adaptive Arrays for Communication Systems:An Ove-rview of Research at the Ohio State University. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag,1976,24(5):599-606
4 O.L.Frost. An Algorithm for Linearly Constrained Adaptive Array Processing. Proc.IEEE,1972,60:926-935
5 Walach. On Superresolution Effects in Maximum-likelihood Antenna Arrays. IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag,1984,32(3):259-263
6 K.Jablon. Steady Stateanalysis of the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller by Adaptive Noise Canceling Techniques. IEEE Trans.Antenna Progag,1986,34: 330-337
7 D.Gitlin, J.F.Hayes and S.B.Weinstein. Data Communications Principles. New York:Plenum ,1992
8 S.Qureshi. Adaptive Equalization－a Comprehensive Review. IEEE CommunicationsMagazine,1982:9-16
9 S.J.Campanella, H.G.Suyderhoud and M.Onufry. Analysis of an Adaptive Impulse Response Echo Canceller. Comsat Tech,1972,2(1):1-37
10 D.L.Duttweiler. A Twelve-channel Digital Echo Canceller. IEEE Trans. Communic-ation,1978,26:647-653
11 D.L.Duttweiler, Y.S.Chen. Preformance and Features of a Single Chip FLSI Echo Canceller. NTC 79,Washington,1979:17-19
12 M.M.Sondhi, D.A.Nerkley. Silencing Echoes on the Telephone Network. Proc.IEEE,1980(68):948
13 M.M.Sondhi, A.J.Presti. A Self-adaptive Echo Canceller. Bell Sytst. Tech. 1966(45):1851-1854
14 D.D.Falconer, K.H.Mueller and s.b.Weinstein. Simultaneous Two-way Data Transm-ission over a Two-wire Circuit. Proc.NTC,Dallas,1976
15 F.K.Becker, H.R.Rudin. Appliction of Automatic Transversal Filters to the Problemof echo Suppression. Bell Syst. Tech.,1966(45):1847-1850
N.Demytko, L.K.Mackechnie. A High Speed Digital Adaptive Echo Canceller. Aust.
16 Telecommun.Rev.,1973,7:20-27
17 L.J.Griffiths. Rapid Measurement of Instantaneous Frequency. IEEE Trans.Acoust, 1975,23:209-222
18 J.I.Makhoul, L.K.Cosell. Adaptive Lattice Analysis of Speech. IEEE Trans.Acoust, 1981,29:654
19 F.Itakura, S.Saito. Digital Filtering Techniques for Speech Analysis and Synthesis. Proc.7th Int.Conf.Acoust,1971,3:261
20 M.Morf, A.Vieira, D.T.Lee. Ladder Forms for Identification and Speech Processing.Proc.1977 IEEE Conf. Decision and Control,1977:1074-1078
21 K.Astrom, B.Wittenmark. Adaptive Control. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley,1989
22 方丹群,王文奇,孙家麒. 噪声控制.北京:北京出版社,1986
23 环保工作者实用手册.北京:冶金工业出版社,1984
24 杨玉致.机械噪声控制技术.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1983
25 B.Widrow. Adaptive Model Control Applied to Real-time Blood-pressure Regulation.Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, New York, Plenum Rress,1971:310-324
26 B.Widrow, J.Mccool, and B.MEDOFF. Adaptive control by inverse modeling. Conf.Rec. of 12th Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Sant Clara, Systems and Computers,1978:90-94
27 B.Widrow, D.Shur and S.Shaffer. On Adaptive Inverse Control. Conf. Rec. of 15thAsilomar Conference on Circuits,Santa Clara, Systems and Computers,1981:185-189
28 S.Shaffer. Adaptive Inverse-model Control. Stanford University,1982
29 B.Wirow, S.D.Stearns. Adaptive Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs:Prentice Hall, 1985
30 E.Walach and B.Widrow. Adaptive Signal Processing For Adaptive Control. IFAC Workshop on Adaptive Systems in Control and Signal Processing,1986
31 Widrow, E.Walach.自适应逆控制. 刘树棠,韩崇昭.西安:西安交通大学, 2000
32 H.J.Olson, E.G.May. Elcctionic Sound Absorber. JASA,1953,25(6):1130-1136
33 W.B.Conover. Fighting Noise with Noise. Noise Control,1956
34 C.F.Ross. An Algorithm for Designing A Broadband Active Sound Control System.J.Sound and Vib.,1982,80:373-380
35 C.F.Ross. An Adaptive Digital Filter for Broadband Active Sound Control. J.Soundand Vib.,1982,80:381-388
36 A.Roure. Self-Adaptive Broadband Active Sound Control System. J.Sound and Vib.,1985,10:429-411
37 J.C.Burgess. Active Adaptive Sound Control in a Duct: A Computer Simlations.J. Acoust.Soc.Am.,1983,70:715-726
38 陈克安,马远良. 自适应有源噪声控制——原理,算法及实现. 西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993
39 N.Wiener. Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoohting of Stationary Time Series w-ith Engineering Application. New York:John-Wiley
40 H.W.Bode,C.E.Shannon. A Simplified Derivation of Linear Least Square Smoothingand Prediction Theory. Proc.IRE.,Vol38:417-425
41 R.V.Southwell. Relaxation Methods in Engineering Science. New York:Oxford
42 D.J.Wilde. Optimum Seeking Methods. Enlewood Cliffs.NJ:Prentice Hall,1964
43 B.Wirow, M.E.Hopf. Adaptive Switching Cricuits. IRE WESCON Conv.Rec.,1960: 96-104
44 B.Widrow, J.M.Mccool. A Comparison of Adaptive Algorithms Based on the Met-hods of Steepest Descent and Random Search. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,1976,24(5):615-637
45 B.Widrow, J.M.Mccool, M.G.Larimore. Stationary and Nonstationary Learning Char-acteristics of the LMS Adaptive Filter. Proc.IEEE,1976, 64(8):615-1162
46 B.Widrow. Adaptive Filters. Claris. Aspercts of Network and System Theory.ed. R.E.Kalman and N.De, New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston,1970: 563-587
47 B.Widrow, E.Walach. On the Statistical Efficiency of the LMS Algorithm with N-onstationary Inputs. IEEE Trans.Info.Theory－Special Issue on Adaptive Filtering, 1984,30(2):211-221
48 J.Glover. Adaptive Noise cancellig Applied to Sinusoidal Interferences. IEEE Trans.Acoust,1977,25(6):484-491
49 M.J.Shensha. Non-Wiener Solutions of the Adaptive Noise Canceller with a Noisy Reference. IEEE Trans.Acoust,1980,28:468
50 L.J.Griffiths. An Adaptive Lattice Structure for Noise-Cancelling Applications. Proc.ICASSP-78,1978:87
51 L.J.Griffiths, R.S.Medaugh. Convergence Properties of an Adaptive Noise Cancellin-g Lattice Structure. Proc.1978 IEEE Conf.Decision and Control,1979:1357-1361
52 B.Widrow. Adaptive Noise Cancelling－Principles and Applications. Proc.IEEE,1975,63(12):1692-1716
53 L.A.Zadeh. Fuzzy Sets. Informat Control,1965,8:338-353
54 L.A.Zadeh. Fuzzy Algorithm. Infomat Control,1968,12:94-102
55 L.A.Zadeh. A Rationale for Fuzzy Control. Trans. ASME, J. Dynam. Syst. Measur.Control, 1972,94:3-4
56 李径定,方卓毅,张利军等. 车辆车厢噪声自适应有源控制. 汽车技术,2000(5):9-12
57 张奇志,贾永乐,周雅莉. 噪声有源反馈控制的递归神经网络方法. 自动化学报,2000,增刊B:111-115
58 S.J.Yang, S.J.Elliot. Machinery Noise Measurement. London:Oxford Univ. Press, 1989
59 沈福民.自适应信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:206-208
60 张乃尧,阎平凡.神经网络与模糊控制.北京:清华大学出版社,1998:186-189
61 诸静等.模糊控制原理与应用.北京机械工业出版社,2001:196-210