四川北部晶须状透闪石成因研究
摘要
在四川北部南江地区鹰嘴岩—官坝构造区内麻窝子组地层中发现存在一套晶须状透闪石矿。透闪石是角闪石族中钙质角闪石系列中富镁贫铁的端元矿物,广泛用于陶瓷、玻璃、涂料、造纸、橡胶、冶金工业,是一种重要的非金属矿物。晶须是20世纪下半叶发明的一种新型增强材料,它是一种纤维状单晶体,长径比一般大于10。利用产于该地区的晶须状透闪石制备了硅酸钙镁晶须和导电晶须,在增强复合材料和电磁波屏蔽材料领域有较大应用和经济价值。晶须状透闪石的成因研究有着重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文通过野外地质调查,采集样品,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱分析、岩石化学分析、镜下鉴定等技术手段,分析了南江西清和大河两个地区透闪石的矿物学、岩石学特征,结合区域地质资料、矿区地质资料讨论四川北部晶须状透闪石成因,并由室内模拟实验验证。川北晶须状透闪石产于元古代麻窝子组与中-酸性岩浆岩侵入体接触带,钙镁质碳酸盐岩沉积物经历了区域变质,接触交代变质和地表风化淋滤三个主要阶段,晶须状透闪石块状含方解石透闪石岩在酸性地表水的淋滤作用下,使碳酸盐溶解流失,最终形成松散晶须状透闪石。
There is a set of friable whisker-shaped or block-shaped tremolite in Mawozi Group in Yinzuiyan– Guanba tectonic terrain in Nanjiang, north Sichuan. Tremolite which is Mg-rich and Fe-poor is the end member of calcic amphiboles. It is kind of important nonmetallic minerals, which can be used in ceramics, glass industry, coatings, paper making, rubber and metallurgical industry. Whisker is a new kind of reinforced materials invented in 20th, it is a fibrous monocrystal, and its length-diameter ratio is more than 10 generally. CaMg silicate whisker and conductive whisker which can be used in whisker reinforced composites and Electromagnetic Shielding Composite have been prepared in using the whisker-shaped tremolite from Dahe and Xiqing ,Northern Sichuan.
Tremolites from Dahe and Xiqing were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis, and its genesis which has been proved by indoor simulation experiment had been revealed by researching mineralogy and petrology characteristics, geology of the region and mining area. The genesis of the whisker-shaped tremolite has been concluded that some basic to neutral magmas intruded into dolomitic marble, then the tremolites had been produced by the related contact metasomatic metamorphism, and been eluviated by acid water later to become friable whisker-shaped tremolite.
本文通过野外地质调查,采集样品,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱分析、岩石化学分析、镜下鉴定等技术手段,分析了南江西清和大河两个地区透闪石的矿物学、岩石学特征,结合区域地质资料、矿区地质资料讨论四川北部晶须状透闪石成因,并由室内模拟实验验证。川北晶须状透闪石产于元古代麻窝子组与中-酸性岩浆岩侵入体接触带,钙镁质碳酸盐岩沉积物经历了区域变质,接触交代变质和地表风化淋滤三个主要阶段,晶须状透闪石块状含方解石透闪石岩在酸性地表水的淋滤作用下,使碳酸盐溶解流失,最终形成松散晶须状透闪石。
There is a set of friable whisker-shaped or block-shaped tremolite in Mawozi Group in Yinzuiyan– Guanba tectonic terrain in Nanjiang, north Sichuan. Tremolite which is Mg-rich and Fe-poor is the end member of calcic amphiboles. It is kind of important nonmetallic minerals, which can be used in ceramics, glass industry, coatings, paper making, rubber and metallurgical industry. Whisker is a new kind of reinforced materials invented in 20th, it is a fibrous monocrystal, and its length-diameter ratio is more than 10 generally. CaMg silicate whisker and conductive whisker which can be used in whisker reinforced composites and Electromagnetic Shielding Composite have been prepared in using the whisker-shaped tremolite from Dahe and Xiqing ,Northern Sichuan.
Tremolites from Dahe and Xiqing were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis, and its genesis which has been proved by indoor simulation experiment had been revealed by researching mineralogy and petrology characteristics, geology of the region and mining area. The genesis of the whisker-shaped tremolite has been concluded that some basic to neutral magmas intruded into dolomitic marble, then the tremolites had been produced by the related contact metasomatic metamorphism, and been eluviated by acid water later to become friable whisker-shaped tremolite.
引文
[1]武汉地质学院教研室,结晶学及矿物学(下册)[M].北京:地质出版社, 1979.
[2]于漧.我国透辉石和透闪石的开发利用[J].建材工业信息, 1994, (10):2-3.
[3] C C Evans, whiskers[M]. Mills Boon limited. London, 1972. 1~68.
[4] H.H.K. Xua, F.C. Eichmillera, J.M. Antonucci, et al. Dental resin composites containing ceramic whiskers and precured glass ionomer particles [J]. Dental Materials, 2000, (16):356-363.
[5] L. Genga, A.B. Li, Q.Y. Meng. Experimental and numerical studies of the effect of whisker misalignment on the hot compressive deformation behavior of the metal matrix composites [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2004, 386(1):212-221.
[6]孙传敏.用天然矿物透闪石制备硅酸钙镁晶须[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 32(1):65-70.
[7]卢保奇,亓利剑,夏义本.四川软玉(透闪石玉)猫眼的矿物学研究[J],岩石矿物学杂志, 2004, 23(3):268-272.
[8]贺林芳,李红中,徐丽.新疆和田玉的性质特征及其成矿机理探讨[J],中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学、医学版), 2009, 30(1):56-63.
[9]王时麒,段体玉,郑姿姿.岫岩软玉(透闪石玉)的矿物岩石学特征及成矿模式[J],岩石矿物学杂志, 2002, 21(增刊):79-90.
[10]崔文元,吴伟娟,刘岩,江苏溧阳透闪石玉的研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2002, 21(增刊):91-98.
[11]刘晶,崔文元.中国三个产地的软玉(透闪石玉)研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志, 2002, 4(2):25-29.
[12]颜国庆,新型陶瓷原料——透闪石[J].萍乡高等专科学校学报(自然科学版), 1996, (4):45-47.
[13]程贤春,石萍.透闪石瓷质外墙砖研制及反应机理探讨[J].装饰装修材料, 1998, (6):33-34.
[14]高雅春,耿谦.透闪石的结构特征及其在釉面砖生产中的作用[J].陶瓷, 2003, (3):47-49.
[15]陈国安,透闪石作陶瓷原料的试验研究[J].矿产保护与利用, 1998, (1):23-24.
[16]郑南来,黄维新,福建将乐透闪石矿床地质特征及其在陶瓷工业上的应用[J].建材地质, 1993, (2):24-29.
[17]姬清海,张良,石文春等,南召透闪石—透辉石在陶瓷中的应用研究[J].矿产保护与利用, 1998, (5):14-16.
[18]邹德斌,张桂兰,王绍卿,透闪石粉作造纸填料研究[J].中国造纸, 1996, (5):57-59.
[19]汪济奎,透闪石在硬质PVC中的应用研究[J].聚氯乙烯, 1995, (4):12-15.
[20]庄国庆,邱耀忠,李滨耀等,透闪石填充聚丙烯的研究[J].工程塑料应用, 1994, 22(2):11-14.
[21]郑亚萍,陈青华,陈立新等,透闪石/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究[J].高分子学报, 2005, (6):933-936.
[22]高歌,钦曙辉,马荣堂等, ABS-透闪石复合材料的研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程, 1998, 14(4):114-116.
[23]陈桂芬,钦曙辉,高歌,等. ABS/透闪石短纤维复合体系流变行为及形态研究[J].吉林大学自然科学学报, 1992, (2):77-80.
[24]付善菊,韩哲文,吴平平. PET短纤维/硅灰石晶须/硅树脂混杂材料的拉伸性能表征[J],复合材料学报, 2002, 19(1):5-11.
[25]赵梓年,沈惠玲. PP与镁盐晶须复合材料性能的研究[J].现代塑料加工应用, 2005, 17(1):35-38.
[26]丁国芳,程青民,石耀刚,等.四针状氧化锌晶须对硅橡胶泡沫材料性能的影响[J].机械工程材料, 2010, 34(7):27-29.
[27]韩跃新,田泽峰,袁志涛,等. CaSO4晶须改性沥青工艺研究[J].金属矿山, 2005, (344):68-72.
[28]陈尔凡,陈东.晶须增强增韧聚合物基复合材料机理研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程, 2006, 22(2):20-24.
[29] S. C. Tjong, Y. Z. Meng. Performance of potassium titanate whisker reinforced polvamide-6 composites [J]. Polymer, 1998, 39(22):5461-5466.
[30] Hockin H.K. Xu, Janet B. Quinn, Douglas T. Smith, et al. Effects of different whiskers on the reinforcement of dental resin composites [J]. Dental Materials, 2003, (19):359-367. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, 386(2):212-221.
[31] H?kan Bj?rklund, Lena K. L. Falk. Grain Morphology and Intergranular Microstructure of Whisker Reinforced Si3N4 Ceramics [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1997, 17(1):13-24.
[32] L. Geng, J. Zhang. A study of the crystal structure of a commercialβ-SiC whisker by high-resolution TEM [J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2004, (84):243-246.
[33] Ying Chun Zhu, Chuan Xian Ding. Oriented growth of nano-TiO2 whiskers [J]. NanoStructured Materials, 1999, 11(3):427-431.
[34]岳涛,朱黎霞,杨荣榛,等.无机镁盐晶须的应用研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2003, 35(4):11-13.
[35] Zhongqing Wei, Hua Qi, Peihua Ma, et al. A New Route to Prepare Magnesium Oxide Whisker [J]. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2003, (5):147-149.
[36] Jiaguo Yu, Ming Lei, Bei Cheng, et al. Facile preparation of calcium carbonate particles with unusual morphologies by precipitation reaction [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2004, 261(4): 566-570.
[37]管登高,孙传敏,林金辉,等.镀Ni硅酸钙镁晶须对屏蔽涂料电磁性能的影响[J].电子元件与材料, 2010, 29(7):10-11.
[38]管登高,孙传敏,林金辉,等. Sn-Ni化学镀硅酸钙镁矿物晶须的制备与表征[J].矿物岩石, 2010, 30(1):17-21.
[39]管登高,孙传敏,孙遥,等.一种新型电磁屏蔽复合涂料的研制[J].安全与电磁兼容, 2010, (1):64-68.
[40]管登高,孙传敏,孙遥,等. Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须对镍粉/环氧树脂屏蔽涂料性能的影响[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 37(2):216-220.
[41]管登高,孙传敏,孙遥,等.一种新研制的电磁屏蔽涂料及其在EMC中的应用[J].电讯技术, 2009, 49(12):43-66.
[42]地质部四川省地质局.南江幅1:20万区域地质测量报告[R], 1965.
[43]闻辂,梁婉雪,章正刚等.矿物红外光谱[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1988, P86.
[44]何政伟,刘援朝,魏显贵等,扬子克拉通北缘米仓山地区基底变质岩系同位素地质年代学[J].矿物岩石, 1997, 17(增刊):83-87.
[45]何政伟,魏显贵,吴德超等,南米仓山火地垭群岩石地球化学特征及时代探讨[J].四川地质学报, 1997, 16(1):8-16.
[2]于漧.我国透辉石和透闪石的开发利用[J].建材工业信息, 1994, (10):2-3.
[3] C C Evans, whiskers[M]. Mills Boon limited. London, 1972. 1~68.
[4] H.H.K. Xua, F.C. Eichmillera, J.M. Antonucci, et al. Dental resin composites containing ceramic whiskers and precured glass ionomer particles [J]. Dental Materials, 2000, (16):356-363.
[5] L. Genga, A.B. Li, Q.Y. Meng. Experimental and numerical studies of the effect of whisker misalignment on the hot compressive deformation behavior of the metal matrix composites [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2004, 386(1):212-221.
[6]孙传敏.用天然矿物透闪石制备硅酸钙镁晶须[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 32(1):65-70.
[7]卢保奇,亓利剑,夏义本.四川软玉(透闪石玉)猫眼的矿物学研究[J],岩石矿物学杂志, 2004, 23(3):268-272.
[8]贺林芳,李红中,徐丽.新疆和田玉的性质特征及其成矿机理探讨[J],中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学、医学版), 2009, 30(1):56-63.
[9]王时麒,段体玉,郑姿姿.岫岩软玉(透闪石玉)的矿物岩石学特征及成矿模式[J],岩石矿物学杂志, 2002, 21(增刊):79-90.
[10]崔文元,吴伟娟,刘岩,江苏溧阳透闪石玉的研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2002, 21(增刊):91-98.
[11]刘晶,崔文元.中国三个产地的软玉(透闪石玉)研究[J].宝石和宝石学杂志, 2002, 4(2):25-29.
[12]颜国庆,新型陶瓷原料——透闪石[J].萍乡高等专科学校学报(自然科学版), 1996, (4):45-47.
[13]程贤春,石萍.透闪石瓷质外墙砖研制及反应机理探讨[J].装饰装修材料, 1998, (6):33-34.
[14]高雅春,耿谦.透闪石的结构特征及其在釉面砖生产中的作用[J].陶瓷, 2003, (3):47-49.
[15]陈国安,透闪石作陶瓷原料的试验研究[J].矿产保护与利用, 1998, (1):23-24.
[16]郑南来,黄维新,福建将乐透闪石矿床地质特征及其在陶瓷工业上的应用[J].建材地质, 1993, (2):24-29.
[17]姬清海,张良,石文春等,南召透闪石—透辉石在陶瓷中的应用研究[J].矿产保护与利用, 1998, (5):14-16.
[18]邹德斌,张桂兰,王绍卿,透闪石粉作造纸填料研究[J].中国造纸, 1996, (5):57-59.
[19]汪济奎,透闪石在硬质PVC中的应用研究[J].聚氯乙烯, 1995, (4):12-15.
[20]庄国庆,邱耀忠,李滨耀等,透闪石填充聚丙烯的研究[J].工程塑料应用, 1994, 22(2):11-14.
[21]郑亚萍,陈青华,陈立新等,透闪石/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究[J].高分子学报, 2005, (6):933-936.
[22]高歌,钦曙辉,马荣堂等, ABS-透闪石复合材料的研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程, 1998, 14(4):114-116.
[23]陈桂芬,钦曙辉,高歌,等. ABS/透闪石短纤维复合体系流变行为及形态研究[J].吉林大学自然科学学报, 1992, (2):77-80.
[24]付善菊,韩哲文,吴平平. PET短纤维/硅灰石晶须/硅树脂混杂材料的拉伸性能表征[J],复合材料学报, 2002, 19(1):5-11.
[25]赵梓年,沈惠玲. PP与镁盐晶须复合材料性能的研究[J].现代塑料加工应用, 2005, 17(1):35-38.
[26]丁国芳,程青民,石耀刚,等.四针状氧化锌晶须对硅橡胶泡沫材料性能的影响[J].机械工程材料, 2010, 34(7):27-29.
[27]韩跃新,田泽峰,袁志涛,等. CaSO4晶须改性沥青工艺研究[J].金属矿山, 2005, (344):68-72.
[28]陈尔凡,陈东.晶须增强增韧聚合物基复合材料机理研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程, 2006, 22(2):20-24.
[29] S. C. Tjong, Y. Z. Meng. Performance of potassium titanate whisker reinforced polvamide-6 composites [J]. Polymer, 1998, 39(22):5461-5466.
[30] Hockin H.K. Xu, Janet B. Quinn, Douglas T. Smith, et al. Effects of different whiskers on the reinforcement of dental resin composites [J]. Dental Materials, 2003, (19):359-367. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, 386(2):212-221.
[31] H?kan Bj?rklund, Lena K. L. Falk. Grain Morphology and Intergranular Microstructure of Whisker Reinforced Si3N4 Ceramics [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 1997, 17(1):13-24.
[32] L. Geng, J. Zhang. A study of the crystal structure of a commercialβ-SiC whisker by high-resolution TEM [J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2004, (84):243-246.
[33] Ying Chun Zhu, Chuan Xian Ding. Oriented growth of nano-TiO2 whiskers [J]. NanoStructured Materials, 1999, 11(3):427-431.
[34]岳涛,朱黎霞,杨荣榛,等.无机镁盐晶须的应用研究进展[J].无机盐工业, 2003, 35(4):11-13.
[35] Zhongqing Wei, Hua Qi, Peihua Ma, et al. A New Route to Prepare Magnesium Oxide Whisker [J]. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2003, (5):147-149.
[36] Jiaguo Yu, Ming Lei, Bei Cheng, et al. Facile preparation of calcium carbonate particles with unusual morphologies by precipitation reaction [J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2004, 261(4): 566-570.
[37]管登高,孙传敏,林金辉,等.镀Ni硅酸钙镁晶须对屏蔽涂料电磁性能的影响[J].电子元件与材料, 2010, 29(7):10-11.
[38]管登高,孙传敏,林金辉,等. Sn-Ni化学镀硅酸钙镁矿物晶须的制备与表征[J].矿物岩石, 2010, 30(1):17-21.
[39]管登高,孙传敏,孙遥,等.一种新型电磁屏蔽复合涂料的研制[J].安全与电磁兼容, 2010, (1):64-68.
[40]管登高,孙传敏,孙遥,等. Sn-Ni硅酸钙镁晶须对镍粉/环氧树脂屏蔽涂料性能的影响[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 37(2):216-220.
[41]管登高,孙传敏,孙遥,等.一种新研制的电磁屏蔽涂料及其在EMC中的应用[J].电讯技术, 2009, 49(12):43-66.
[42]地质部四川省地质局.南江幅1:20万区域地质测量报告[R], 1965.
[43]闻辂,梁婉雪,章正刚等.矿物红外光谱[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1988, P86.
[44]何政伟,刘援朝,魏显贵等,扬子克拉通北缘米仓山地区基底变质岩系同位素地质年代学[J].矿物岩石, 1997, 17(增刊):83-87.
[45]何政伟,魏显贵,吴德超等,南米仓山火地垭群岩石地球化学特征及时代探讨[J].四川地质学报, 1997, 16(1):8-16.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |