溶胶—凝胶技术在纺织品多功能整理中的应用
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摘要
溶胶-凝胶技术作为材料制备中的新方法之一,在纺织品功能整理中的应用研究也越来越受到人们的重视。采用金属醇盐或无机盐化合物作前驱物,控制一定反应条件,醇解或水解缩合成溶胶,溶胶整理到纺织品上形成透明的金属或非金属氧化物薄膜,赋予织物特殊的性能。这种方法不论是在溶胶形成阶段还是在织物表面形成氧化物薄层后,都能方便的进行物理或化学改性,实现溶胶-凝胶技术在自清洁、防紫外线、抗菌、抗静电纺织品制备上的应用。金属氧化物溶胶体系不存在毒害问题。因此,溶胶-凝胶技术具有安全性、多面性,在纺织品上的应用使功能纺织品的制备具有可行性,而且有着广阔的发展空间。
纳米TiO2是一种催化活性高、氧化能力强的无机纳米材料,将其应用在纺织品上,可赋予织物抗菌、自清洁、紫外防护、抗静电等多种功能,是当前纺织行业研究的热点。本文在国内外相关研究的基础上,将自制的含钛复合水溶胶在溶胶阶段对织物进行多功能整理,探讨纳米TiO2用于纺织品多功能整理的新途径。
首先,本文研究了基于钛醇盐二氧化钛水溶胶的制备,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,以乙酸为催化剂能够制备稳定、可控、均一的纳米二氧化钛水溶胶。在形成溶胶的有效pH值范围内,钛溶胶浓度越低,体系的pH值越低,放置温度越低,溶胶稳定性越好。同时,溶胶的平均粒径随pH值、温度及溶胶浓度的升高而增大。放置时间越长,溶胶的平均粒径和粘度越大,凝胶化趋势越高。通过研究确定了稳定二氧化钛水溶胶的制备工艺条件,其最佳工艺配方如下：钛酸丁酯与乙酸的摩尔比为1：5,无水乙醇用量0.02mol,反应物或溶剂H2O与钛酸丁酯的摩尔比r值>90。
其次,本文研究了水溶胶摩尔浓度、TiO2/znO摩尔比、掺杂Ag+、La3+及其掺杂量、陈化时间、测试条件、皂洗次数等因素对整理后棉织物抗菌效果的影响,结果表明：随着水溶胶摩尔浓度的增加,整理后试样抗菌效果越明显,但摩尔浓度过大,抗菌效果反而降低,适宜的摩尔浓度为0.2-0.3mol/L；TiO2/ZnO复合水溶胶整理后棉织物抑菌效果要优于纯TiO2或纯ZnO,TiO2/ZnO摩尔比为2：1较为适宜；掺Ag+复合水溶胶整理棉织物的抑菌效果随着掺Ag+量的增大有较大幅度的提高,继续增大掺Ag+量,抑菌率则提高程度较小,并趋向一固定值,考虑银为重金属,用量过大会造成重金属污染,所以TiO2/ZnO水溶胶掺Ag+量应控制在0.5%以内；掺0.3%La3+-TiO2/ZnO水溶胶整理后织物抗菌性能最好；陈化后TiO2/ZnO水溶胶整理棉织物的抗菌性降低；有光、无光条件下对比实验表明：有光条件下TiO2/ZnO水溶胶整理试样抗菌效果良好,但无光条件下抗菌效果大幅下降；掺入适量Ag+后在有光、无光条件下都具有良好的抗菌效果；TiO2/ZnO复合水溶胶整理棉织物抗菌性能具有一定的耐洗性,随着皂洗次数增加,抑菌率有一定的下降,皂洗60次后,抑菌率仍保持在70%；本文还探讨了影响涤纶抗静电整理效果的因素,得出：随着水溶胶摩尔浓度的增大,整理后涤纶织物的抗静电性略有提升,浓度以小于0.3mol/L为宜；TiO2/ZnO摩尔比为1：1时,抗静电性最好；掺La3+0.5%水溶胶整理后涤纶织物的抗静电性大幅提高；掺Ag+水溶胶整理后涤纶织物抗静电性反而下降,且掺Ag+量越大,抗静电性越差,还是不掺Ag+为好；经多次皂洗后抗静电性有不同程度的下降,但是与未处理的涤纶织物相比,抗静电性仍然有着较明显的改善。
最后,本文在国内外相关研究的基础上,将自制的La3+/TiO2-SiO2水溶胶在溶胶阶段对织物进行自清洁、抗紫外和抗静电整理,探讨纳米TiO2用于纺织品多功能整理的新途径。
本文以钛酸正四丁脂、正硅酸乙酯、乙酸和醋酸镧为原料,采用无醇、少酸工艺,室温条件下制备出La3+/TiO2-SiO2水溶胶,探讨了TiO2与SiO2摩尔比、掺镧量等因素对溶胶稳定性的影响规律。将这种用于棉织物的自清洁和抗紫外整理,研究了水溶胶摩尔浓度、TiO2/SiO2摩尔比、掺杂La3+及其掺杂量、陈化时间、测试条件、皂洗次数等因素对整理后棉织物自清洁和防紫外效果的影响,结果表明：随溶胶中Ti02含量的增大,织物的自清洁和抗紫外性能都是先提高后降低,在TiO2/SiO2摩尔比为40：1时,达到最大；随着掺镧量的增大,织物的自清洁和抗紫外效果逐渐变好,掺镧量达到0.3%后开始下降；随溶胶摩尔浓度的增大,织物的自清洁和抗紫外效果先增大后减小,最佳摩尔浓度为0.3mol/L;在整理过程中,织物的自清洁效果随浸渍时间的延长而增大,随沸水处理时间的增大先提高后减小,自清洁最佳沸水处理时间为60min,沸水处理40min抗紫外效果就达到最大。通过对织物自清洁性能耐久性进行分析,自清洁织物的耐水洗性能较差,抗紫外性能耐水洗性好。采用SEM扫面电镜观察整理前后织物的表面形态,发现有较多的TiO2颗粒附着在纤维表面；经X射线衍射分析得知,经复合掺杂后的TiO2溶胶整理后的织物较纯钛溶胶整理后织物出现多个衍射峰,有可能产生锐钛矿TiO2晶体,凝胶膜上这种以锐钛矿TiO2晶体为中心颗粒,具有光催化作用,使织物具有自清洁能力；对紫外线吸收、散射和反射,使得织物具有很强的抗紫外能力。本文还采用了La3+/TiO2-SiO2水溶胶对涤纶织物织物进行抗静电整理,研究表明采用纯钛和TiO2/SiO2复合水溶胶整理涤纶织物后其抗静电性能大大提高,其中TiO2／SiO2复合水溶胶的抗静电效果比纯钛溶胶整理的稍好,但不同比例钛和硅复合水溶胶整理的织物抗静电效果差别不大。水溶胶整理的涤纶织物具有很好的抗静电性能,是由于织物表面形成的连续的纳米粒子网络凝胶膜,具有导电性所致。
总体而言,本研究采用基钛复合水溶胶处理的纺织品,其整理织物后取得预期的抗紫外、抗菌、自清洁、抗静电效果。将以纯水为溶剂取代常规的乙醇为溶剂来制备钛复合水溶胶,前驱物的选择范围大,同时节约了能源,大大降低了生产成本,这样必将扩大溶胶-凝胶技术在纺织品上的应用,工业化生产也有可能实现。另外,用无机溶胶处理纺织品,既经济、安全,又对环境友好,并且符合绿色化学的要求。
With inorganic or organic metal compounds as precursor, sol-gel process can be used to form a transparent film which is composed of metal- or nonmetal-oxide. Fabrics can be easily modified physically and chemically to supply them with special functions during the process of forming sol or after the oxide film formed on the surface of the fabrics. As one of the new methods in preparation of materials, sol-gel technique has attracted more and more attention in the application of functional finishing of textiles. Through chemical or physical modification, sol-gel technique has been applied in preparation of functional textiles, e.g., self-cleaning, UV-resistant, anti-bacteria, antistatic and so on. Thus, sol-gel process with safety and versatility is a novel avenue to functional finishing of textiles.
Nano titanium dioxide, an inexpensive, non-toxic and biocompatible material, is one of the most important and widely investigated photocatalysts. It can be applied in textiles to give them anti-bacterial, self-cleaning and UV protection functions etc. Multi-functional textiles are produced by advanced photochemical catalysis and modern textile technology. Based on technology at home and abroad, La3+ doping TiO2/SiO2 water Sol made in our laboratory is used in finishing of fabrics so as to get multi-functional textiles, and to explore a new way of applying the nana-titanium dioxide in self-cleaning finishing.
Firstly, the preparation of nano-TiO2 hydrosol based on TTIP was studied in the paper. Stable, controllable and uniform nano-Ti02 hydrosols can be prepared using TTIP as precursor and hydrochloric acid as catalyst. In the effective pH range, the lower the concentration of TTIP and the temperature of the system were, the better the stability of sols was. At the same time, average particle size of the sol augments with the increase of pH, temperature and concentration of the TTIP. Particle size and viscosity of the sol will increase with the prolongation of the storage time, which results in gelation.
Secondly, the effects of molar concentration of hydrosol, molar ratio of TiO2/ZnO, the quantity of Ag+ or La3+ doped, aging time of the sols, test conditions and times of washing on antibacterial properties of the finished fabrics are tested and analyzed. It can be concluded from the results that the antibacterial properties of the finished fabrics increase at the beginning and then decrease with increment in the molar concentration of the hydrosol. The appropriate molar concentration of the hydrosol is 0.2～0.3 mol/L. The antibacterial properties of the TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol finished fabrics are better than the fabrics finished using pure TiO2 or pure ZnO. The right molar ratio of the TiO2/ZnO is 2:1. With the increment of the concentration of the Ag+, the antibacterial property of the fabrics finished using aqueous sols doped with Ag+ increases quickly at the beginning, then it grows slowly and come to a constant value. In view of the pollution caused by excessive heavy metal, the doped Ag+ in TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols is not exceed 0.5%. among all fabrics, the fabric finished with TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols doped 0.3% La3+ attains best antibacterial property. Finishing with aged TiO2/ZnO hydrosol, the antibacterial property of the fabrics, decreases. The comparison of experiments at daylight and dark conditions indicates that the antibacterial effect of the fabric finished by TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols drops obviously at dark condition compared with that at daylight condition. However, for the fabrics finished with TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols in which appropriate Ag+ is doped, good antibacterial property can be achieved at both daylight and dark conditions. The launder-ability of the fabrics is also studied. The bacterial inhabitation of the fabrics decreases with the duration of washing.70% of the antibacterial ability of the fabrics can be preserved after 60 times soaping. Further more, the factors which influence the anti-static property of the finished polyester fabrics are also studied. With the increment of the concentration of the TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol, there is slight improvement in the antistatic property of the polyester fabrics finished with it. The right concentration of the sol is 0.3 mol/L. And best antibacterial property can be obtained at a 1:1 ratio of TiO2/ZnO. When 0.5% La3+ is doped in TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol, the antistatic property of the finished samples is greatly improved compared with the fabrics finished using TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol. But the antistatic property of the samples finished by Ag+-TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol become worse compared with the polyester fabrics finished by TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols. The more the Ag+ is doped, the worse is the antistatic property. Antibacterial property of the finished polyester fabrics decreases after soaping. However their antistatic property is still better than untreated samples.
Based on technology at home and abroad, La3+/TiO2-SiO2 water sol made in our laboratory is used in self-cleaning, ultraviolet resistant and antistatic finishing of textiles to explore a new way of applying the nano-titanium dioxide to the multi-functional finishing of textiles.
Using TTB, TEOS, acid and La acetate as raw materials, La3+/TiO2-SiO2 water sol is prepared under no alcohol, low acid and room temperature conditions. The effect of the factors such as mol ratio of TiO2 and SiO2 and the amount of La doped on the stability of the gel is discussed. Experimental results indicate that the self-cleaning and anti-ultraviolet properties of the finished fabrics increase firstly and decrease then with the increment of the TiO2 in the sol. The best effect appears at a TiO2/SiO2 molar ratio of 40:1. The self-cleaning and anti-ultraviolet properties of the finished improve with the increment in the amount of La3+ doped. They reach their head at 0.3% La3+ doped. With the increment of the molar concentration of the sol, the self-cleaning and antistatic effects of the finished fabrics rise in the beginning and come to top at 0.3 mol/L and then decrease then with the increment in concentration of the sol. In finishing process, the self-cleaning effect of the fabric enhances with the prolonged dipping time. The self-cleaning effect increases firstly and decreases then with the increment of time in boiling water. The best duration time in boiling water is 60 min for self-cleaning and 40 min for ultraviolet resistance. Through analysis of the durability of the self-cleaning and anti-ultraviolet properties of the fabrics, it can be found that the washability of the fabrics is poor in self-cleaning property and is good in ultraviolet resistance.
It can be found that there are many TiO2 particles attached to the fiber surface using SEM to observe the surface morphology of the fabrics before and after they are finished. Comparing the X-ray diffraction curves of the fabric before and after finishing, it can also be found that there are many diffraction peak appeared in the fabrics finished with multiple adulterated TiO2 sol. That is to say that is produced possibly by anatase TiO2 grains. The grains in the gel film in surface of the fabrics have catalysis which gives self-cleaning property to the fabrics. They absorb, scatter and reflect ultraviolet and give the fabrics the ultraviolet resistance.
Finally, the performances of the finished fabrics are tested and found that the loss in breaking strength of the warp direction is greater than that of the weft direction, while there is little change in hand and permeability of the fabrics; there are a little change in colors, washing fastness and rubbing fastness for the colored fabrics, but it does not affect the appearance and the use of the fabrics.
In general, the properties of fabrics finished with multiple hydrosol based on TiO2 is studied in the paper. Good ultraviolet resistance, antibacterial property, self-cleaning and antistatic properties have been achieved. Using water as the solvent replacing the ethanol to prepare the titanium multiple hydrosol, the precursor can be selected from a wide category of chemicals. It can save energy and reduce cost of production by cheap water in place of expensive ethanol in course of preparing titanium sol. Thus, it will enlarge the application of sol-gel technology in the textile finishing. In addition, inorganic sol as a modifier is economical, safe and friendly to environment. It is in accord with demands of green chemistry.
纳米TiO2是一种催化活性高、氧化能力强的无机纳米材料,将其应用在纺织品上,可赋予织物抗菌、自清洁、紫外防护、抗静电等多种功能,是当前纺织行业研究的热点。本文在国内外相关研究的基础上,将自制的含钛复合水溶胶在溶胶阶段对织物进行多功能整理,探讨纳米TiO2用于纺织品多功能整理的新途径。
首先,本文研究了基于钛醇盐二氧化钛水溶胶的制备,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,以乙酸为催化剂能够制备稳定、可控、均一的纳米二氧化钛水溶胶。在形成溶胶的有效pH值范围内,钛溶胶浓度越低,体系的pH值越低,放置温度越低,溶胶稳定性越好。同时,溶胶的平均粒径随pH值、温度及溶胶浓度的升高而增大。放置时间越长,溶胶的平均粒径和粘度越大,凝胶化趋势越高。通过研究确定了稳定二氧化钛水溶胶的制备工艺条件,其最佳工艺配方如下：钛酸丁酯与乙酸的摩尔比为1：5,无水乙醇用量0.02mol,反应物或溶剂H2O与钛酸丁酯的摩尔比r值>90。
其次,本文研究了水溶胶摩尔浓度、TiO2/znO摩尔比、掺杂Ag+、La3+及其掺杂量、陈化时间、测试条件、皂洗次数等因素对整理后棉织物抗菌效果的影响,结果表明：随着水溶胶摩尔浓度的增加,整理后试样抗菌效果越明显,但摩尔浓度过大,抗菌效果反而降低,适宜的摩尔浓度为0.2-0.3mol/L；TiO2/ZnO复合水溶胶整理后棉织物抑菌效果要优于纯TiO2或纯ZnO,TiO2/ZnO摩尔比为2：1较为适宜；掺Ag+复合水溶胶整理棉织物的抑菌效果随着掺Ag+量的增大有较大幅度的提高,继续增大掺Ag+量,抑菌率则提高程度较小,并趋向一固定值,考虑银为重金属,用量过大会造成重金属污染,所以TiO2/ZnO水溶胶掺Ag+量应控制在0.5%以内；掺0.3%La3+-TiO2/ZnO水溶胶整理后织物抗菌性能最好；陈化后TiO2/ZnO水溶胶整理棉织物的抗菌性降低；有光、无光条件下对比实验表明：有光条件下TiO2/ZnO水溶胶整理试样抗菌效果良好,但无光条件下抗菌效果大幅下降；掺入适量Ag+后在有光、无光条件下都具有良好的抗菌效果；TiO2/ZnO复合水溶胶整理棉织物抗菌性能具有一定的耐洗性,随着皂洗次数增加,抑菌率有一定的下降,皂洗60次后,抑菌率仍保持在70%；本文还探讨了影响涤纶抗静电整理效果的因素,得出：随着水溶胶摩尔浓度的增大,整理后涤纶织物的抗静电性略有提升,浓度以小于0.3mol/L为宜；TiO2/ZnO摩尔比为1：1时,抗静电性最好；掺La3+0.5%水溶胶整理后涤纶织物的抗静电性大幅提高；掺Ag+水溶胶整理后涤纶织物抗静电性反而下降,且掺Ag+量越大,抗静电性越差,还是不掺Ag+为好；经多次皂洗后抗静电性有不同程度的下降,但是与未处理的涤纶织物相比,抗静电性仍然有着较明显的改善。
最后,本文在国内外相关研究的基础上,将自制的La3+/TiO2-SiO2水溶胶在溶胶阶段对织物进行自清洁、抗紫外和抗静电整理,探讨纳米TiO2用于纺织品多功能整理的新途径。
本文以钛酸正四丁脂、正硅酸乙酯、乙酸和醋酸镧为原料,采用无醇、少酸工艺,室温条件下制备出La3+/TiO2-SiO2水溶胶,探讨了TiO2与SiO2摩尔比、掺镧量等因素对溶胶稳定性的影响规律。将这种用于棉织物的自清洁和抗紫外整理,研究了水溶胶摩尔浓度、TiO2/SiO2摩尔比、掺杂La3+及其掺杂量、陈化时间、测试条件、皂洗次数等因素对整理后棉织物自清洁和防紫外效果的影响,结果表明：随溶胶中Ti02含量的增大,织物的自清洁和抗紫外性能都是先提高后降低,在TiO2/SiO2摩尔比为40：1时,达到最大；随着掺镧量的增大,织物的自清洁和抗紫外效果逐渐变好,掺镧量达到0.3%后开始下降；随溶胶摩尔浓度的增大,织物的自清洁和抗紫外效果先增大后减小,最佳摩尔浓度为0.3mol/L;在整理过程中,织物的自清洁效果随浸渍时间的延长而增大,随沸水处理时间的增大先提高后减小,自清洁最佳沸水处理时间为60min,沸水处理40min抗紫外效果就达到最大。通过对织物自清洁性能耐久性进行分析,自清洁织物的耐水洗性能较差,抗紫外性能耐水洗性好。采用SEM扫面电镜观察整理前后织物的表面形态,发现有较多的TiO2颗粒附着在纤维表面；经X射线衍射分析得知,经复合掺杂后的TiO2溶胶整理后的织物较纯钛溶胶整理后织物出现多个衍射峰,有可能产生锐钛矿TiO2晶体,凝胶膜上这种以锐钛矿TiO2晶体为中心颗粒,具有光催化作用,使织物具有自清洁能力；对紫外线吸收、散射和反射,使得织物具有很强的抗紫外能力。本文还采用了La3+/TiO2-SiO2水溶胶对涤纶织物织物进行抗静电整理,研究表明采用纯钛和TiO2/SiO2复合水溶胶整理涤纶织物后其抗静电性能大大提高,其中TiO2／SiO2复合水溶胶的抗静电效果比纯钛溶胶整理的稍好,但不同比例钛和硅复合水溶胶整理的织物抗静电效果差别不大。水溶胶整理的涤纶织物具有很好的抗静电性能,是由于织物表面形成的连续的纳米粒子网络凝胶膜,具有导电性所致。
总体而言,本研究采用基钛复合水溶胶处理的纺织品,其整理织物后取得预期的抗紫外、抗菌、自清洁、抗静电效果。将以纯水为溶剂取代常规的乙醇为溶剂来制备钛复合水溶胶,前驱物的选择范围大,同时节约了能源,大大降低了生产成本,这样必将扩大溶胶-凝胶技术在纺织品上的应用,工业化生产也有可能实现。另外,用无机溶胶处理纺织品,既经济、安全,又对环境友好,并且符合绿色化学的要求。
With inorganic or organic metal compounds as precursor, sol-gel process can be used to form a transparent film which is composed of metal- or nonmetal-oxide. Fabrics can be easily modified physically and chemically to supply them with special functions during the process of forming sol or after the oxide film formed on the surface of the fabrics. As one of the new methods in preparation of materials, sol-gel technique has attracted more and more attention in the application of functional finishing of textiles. Through chemical or physical modification, sol-gel technique has been applied in preparation of functional textiles, e.g., self-cleaning, UV-resistant, anti-bacteria, antistatic and so on. Thus, sol-gel process with safety and versatility is a novel avenue to functional finishing of textiles.
Nano titanium dioxide, an inexpensive, non-toxic and biocompatible material, is one of the most important and widely investigated photocatalysts. It can be applied in textiles to give them anti-bacterial, self-cleaning and UV protection functions etc. Multi-functional textiles are produced by advanced photochemical catalysis and modern textile technology. Based on technology at home and abroad, La3+ doping TiO2/SiO2 water Sol made in our laboratory is used in finishing of fabrics so as to get multi-functional textiles, and to explore a new way of applying the nana-titanium dioxide in self-cleaning finishing.
Firstly, the preparation of nano-TiO2 hydrosol based on TTIP was studied in the paper. Stable, controllable and uniform nano-Ti02 hydrosols can be prepared using TTIP as precursor and hydrochloric acid as catalyst. In the effective pH range, the lower the concentration of TTIP and the temperature of the system were, the better the stability of sols was. At the same time, average particle size of the sol augments with the increase of pH, temperature and concentration of the TTIP. Particle size and viscosity of the sol will increase with the prolongation of the storage time, which results in gelation.
Secondly, the effects of molar concentration of hydrosol, molar ratio of TiO2/ZnO, the quantity of Ag+ or La3+ doped, aging time of the sols, test conditions and times of washing on antibacterial properties of the finished fabrics are tested and analyzed. It can be concluded from the results that the antibacterial properties of the finished fabrics increase at the beginning and then decrease with increment in the molar concentration of the hydrosol. The appropriate molar concentration of the hydrosol is 0.2～0.3 mol/L. The antibacterial properties of the TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol finished fabrics are better than the fabrics finished using pure TiO2 or pure ZnO. The right molar ratio of the TiO2/ZnO is 2:1. With the increment of the concentration of the Ag+, the antibacterial property of the fabrics finished using aqueous sols doped with Ag+ increases quickly at the beginning, then it grows slowly and come to a constant value. In view of the pollution caused by excessive heavy metal, the doped Ag+ in TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols is not exceed 0.5%. among all fabrics, the fabric finished with TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols doped 0.3% La3+ attains best antibacterial property. Finishing with aged TiO2/ZnO hydrosol, the antibacterial property of the fabrics, decreases. The comparison of experiments at daylight and dark conditions indicates that the antibacterial effect of the fabric finished by TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols drops obviously at dark condition compared with that at daylight condition. However, for the fabrics finished with TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols in which appropriate Ag+ is doped, good antibacterial property can be achieved at both daylight and dark conditions. The launder-ability of the fabrics is also studied. The bacterial inhabitation of the fabrics decreases with the duration of washing.70% of the antibacterial ability of the fabrics can be preserved after 60 times soaping. Further more, the factors which influence the anti-static property of the finished polyester fabrics are also studied. With the increment of the concentration of the TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol, there is slight improvement in the antistatic property of the polyester fabrics finished with it. The right concentration of the sol is 0.3 mol/L. And best antibacterial property can be obtained at a 1:1 ratio of TiO2/ZnO. When 0.5% La3+ is doped in TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol, the antistatic property of the finished samples is greatly improved compared with the fabrics finished using TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol. But the antistatic property of the samples finished by Ag+-TiO2/ZnO aqueous sol become worse compared with the polyester fabrics finished by TiO2/ZnO aqueous sols. The more the Ag+ is doped, the worse is the antistatic property. Antibacterial property of the finished polyester fabrics decreases after soaping. However their antistatic property is still better than untreated samples.
Based on technology at home and abroad, La3+/TiO2-SiO2 water sol made in our laboratory is used in self-cleaning, ultraviolet resistant and antistatic finishing of textiles to explore a new way of applying the nano-titanium dioxide to the multi-functional finishing of textiles.
Using TTB, TEOS, acid and La acetate as raw materials, La3+/TiO2-SiO2 water sol is prepared under no alcohol, low acid and room temperature conditions. The effect of the factors such as mol ratio of TiO2 and SiO2 and the amount of La doped on the stability of the gel is discussed. Experimental results indicate that the self-cleaning and anti-ultraviolet properties of the finished fabrics increase firstly and decrease then with the increment of the TiO2 in the sol. The best effect appears at a TiO2/SiO2 molar ratio of 40:1. The self-cleaning and anti-ultraviolet properties of the finished improve with the increment in the amount of La3+ doped. They reach their head at 0.3% La3+ doped. With the increment of the molar concentration of the sol, the self-cleaning and antistatic effects of the finished fabrics rise in the beginning and come to top at 0.3 mol/L and then decrease then with the increment in concentration of the sol. In finishing process, the self-cleaning effect of the fabric enhances with the prolonged dipping time. The self-cleaning effect increases firstly and decreases then with the increment of time in boiling water. The best duration time in boiling water is 60 min for self-cleaning and 40 min for ultraviolet resistance. Through analysis of the durability of the self-cleaning and anti-ultraviolet properties of the fabrics, it can be found that the washability of the fabrics is poor in self-cleaning property and is good in ultraviolet resistance.
It can be found that there are many TiO2 particles attached to the fiber surface using SEM to observe the surface morphology of the fabrics before and after they are finished. Comparing the X-ray diffraction curves of the fabric before and after finishing, it can also be found that there are many diffraction peak appeared in the fabrics finished with multiple adulterated TiO2 sol. That is to say that is produced possibly by anatase TiO2 grains. The grains in the gel film in surface of the fabrics have catalysis which gives self-cleaning property to the fabrics. They absorb, scatter and reflect ultraviolet and give the fabrics the ultraviolet resistance.
Finally, the performances of the finished fabrics are tested and found that the loss in breaking strength of the warp direction is greater than that of the weft direction, while there is little change in hand and permeability of the fabrics; there are a little change in colors, washing fastness and rubbing fastness for the colored fabrics, but it does not affect the appearance and the use of the fabrics.
In general, the properties of fabrics finished with multiple hydrosol based on TiO2 is studied in the paper. Good ultraviolet resistance, antibacterial property, self-cleaning and antistatic properties have been achieved. Using water as the solvent replacing the ethanol to prepare the titanium multiple hydrosol, the precursor can be selected from a wide category of chemicals. It can save energy and reduce cost of production by cheap water in place of expensive ethanol in course of preparing titanium sol. Thus, it will enlarge the application of sol-gel technology in the textile finishing. In addition, inorganic sol as a modifier is economical, safe and friendly to environment. It is in accord with demands of green chemistry.
引文
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