美国大学生学术不端的防治研究
|
摘要
大学生学术不端的治理是大学德育中重要研究领域,是当前理论界、教育界十分关注的重大现实问题之一。研究这一问题既有理论意义又有实践价值。本文研究美国大学生学术不端的防治问题,以阐述美国大学生学术不端行为的界定、类型构成、相关因素及原因等基本问题为前提,通过对高校事前预防,事后探查及处理,以及校外因素参与学术不端防治三方面的考察和分析,归纳出美国大学生学术不端防治模式的特点,并从社会历史文化及德育理论的角度剖析该模式的利弊得失,在此基础上得出对我国高校学术诚信建设的启示。
本文坚持以马克思主义为指导,结合已有研究对美国大学生学术不端的基本理论问题进行分析。本文从历史的角度对美国学术界提出和使用学术不端概念的情况进行了追溯考察,对大学生学术不端及相关概念做出界定。在此基础上对学术不端行为的类型构成、普遍程度、影响因素及原因等问题进行了梳理。
本文主要从三个方面入手考察了美国大学生学术不端防治的具体措施。1.美国高校对大学生学术不端行为的预防是通过在整个校园内培养学术诚信氛围和制定执行学术诚信政策的“双保险”实现的,其中荣誉准则是公认的营造学术诚信氛围的有效策略。2.对大学生学术不端行为尤其是剽窃行为迹象进行探查通过高校对舞弊迹象的寻找和对剽窃论文的追踪而实现;对学术不端案件的处理通过正当程序完成。3.防治大学生学术不端,美国政府机构中的研究诚信办公室的参与、司法机构的介入、学术团体等出台的诸多举措,对促进大学生学术诚信行为产生了积极作用。
在总结美国大学生学术不端防治模式的特点之后,本文从道德教育的视角,从德育理念的历史变迁、主流道德教育理念对学术不端防治模式的影响两方面分析了大学生学术不端防治的经验;同时对这一模式的存在问题及其道德教育根源,以及互联网技术带来的新挑战做了阐述。
研究美国对大学生学术不端的防治,最终目的是指导我国大学生学术诚信建设的实践,本文最后部分在总结我国大学生学术诚信建设的现状之后,得出了美国高校学术不端防治模式对我国的几点启示:道德教化与制度约束相结合,完善高校学术诚信规范;尊重学生主体地位,将学生纳入学术共同体;加强教师学术道德建设,发挥教师的示范作用;发挥学术团体对大学生学术诚信的促进及约束作用;研发新技术应对互联网挑战;加大对大学生学术诚信问题的理论研究力度。
The prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty is an important researching field in college students’moral education, and one of the highly concerned greatly realistic problem in today’s academia. To study on this problem has both theoretic and practical significance. This paper studies on the prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty in USA. After expatiates the definitions, types, correlative factors, as well as reasons of college students’academic dishonesty in USA, this paper reviews and analyses how do American colleges and universities prevent students’academic dishonesty in advance, detect and manage students’academic dishonesty afterwards, as well as how do the factors out of campus participate in the prevention and management. Then this paper sums up the characteristics of the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty, and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of this pattern from social, historical and cultural angle of view, as well as from moral education theories. On this basic, the enlightenments to our country’s academic integrity construction are educed.
In the first part, sticking to the guidance of Marxism, this paper analyses some elementary theoretical issues. This paper makes a historical review to the advancing and using of the concept of“academic dishonesty”in USA, and makes definitions to college students’academic dishonesty and correlative concepts. On this basic, this paper concludes the types, prevalence, correlative factors, as well as reasons of college students’academic dishonesty in USA.
In the second part, this paper reviews specific measure to prevent and manage college students’academic dishonesty in USA. Firstly, the prevention and management is realized by means of cultivating academic integrity ethos, as well as establishing and implementing academic integrity policies, in which the honor code is an acknowledged effective strategy to create academic integrity ethos. Secondly, the detection to the evidence of students’academic dishonesty esp. plagiarism behavior is realized by searching for cheating evidence, along with tracing the plagiarizing paper. Dealing with college students’academic dishonesty is according to the due procedure. Thirdly, the participating of American government esp. ORI, the participating of judicial procedure, as well as the acts of academic institutions, all have positive effects to promote college students’academic integrity.
In the third part, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty, and analyses the experiences of the prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty in USA from visual angle of moral education, as well as from the influences of historical changes of moral education ideas and the mainstreams of moral education theories to the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty. At the same time, this paper expatiates the problem of this pattern and its root in moral education, as well as the challenges that the internet brings.
In the last part, this paper summarizes the present situation of our country’s college students academic integrity construction, and reaches some enlightenments to us: Make college academic integrity policy perfect. Respect students’status for self-determination, bring students into academic community. Strengthen academic moral structure of college teachers and exert teachers’function of example.Exert academic institutions’function in promoting college students’academic integrity. Exploit new techniques to deal with the challenges from Internet. Strengthen the research on problem of college students’academic integrity.
本文坚持以马克思主义为指导,结合已有研究对美国大学生学术不端的基本理论问题进行分析。本文从历史的角度对美国学术界提出和使用学术不端概念的情况进行了追溯考察,对大学生学术不端及相关概念做出界定。在此基础上对学术不端行为的类型构成、普遍程度、影响因素及原因等问题进行了梳理。
本文主要从三个方面入手考察了美国大学生学术不端防治的具体措施。1.美国高校对大学生学术不端行为的预防是通过在整个校园内培养学术诚信氛围和制定执行学术诚信政策的“双保险”实现的,其中荣誉准则是公认的营造学术诚信氛围的有效策略。2.对大学生学术不端行为尤其是剽窃行为迹象进行探查通过高校对舞弊迹象的寻找和对剽窃论文的追踪而实现;对学术不端案件的处理通过正当程序完成。3.防治大学生学术不端,美国政府机构中的研究诚信办公室的参与、司法机构的介入、学术团体等出台的诸多举措,对促进大学生学术诚信行为产生了积极作用。
在总结美国大学生学术不端防治模式的特点之后,本文从道德教育的视角,从德育理念的历史变迁、主流道德教育理念对学术不端防治模式的影响两方面分析了大学生学术不端防治的经验;同时对这一模式的存在问题及其道德教育根源,以及互联网技术带来的新挑战做了阐述。
研究美国对大学生学术不端的防治,最终目的是指导我国大学生学术诚信建设的实践,本文最后部分在总结我国大学生学术诚信建设的现状之后,得出了美国高校学术不端防治模式对我国的几点启示:道德教化与制度约束相结合,完善高校学术诚信规范;尊重学生主体地位,将学生纳入学术共同体;加强教师学术道德建设,发挥教师的示范作用;发挥学术团体对大学生学术诚信的促进及约束作用;研发新技术应对互联网挑战;加大对大学生学术诚信问题的理论研究力度。
The prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty is an important researching field in college students’moral education, and one of the highly concerned greatly realistic problem in today’s academia. To study on this problem has both theoretic and practical significance. This paper studies on the prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty in USA. After expatiates the definitions, types, correlative factors, as well as reasons of college students’academic dishonesty in USA, this paper reviews and analyses how do American colleges and universities prevent students’academic dishonesty in advance, detect and manage students’academic dishonesty afterwards, as well as how do the factors out of campus participate in the prevention and management. Then this paper sums up the characteristics of the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty, and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of this pattern from social, historical and cultural angle of view, as well as from moral education theories. On this basic, the enlightenments to our country’s academic integrity construction are educed.
In the first part, sticking to the guidance of Marxism, this paper analyses some elementary theoretical issues. This paper makes a historical review to the advancing and using of the concept of“academic dishonesty”in USA, and makes definitions to college students’academic dishonesty and correlative concepts. On this basic, this paper concludes the types, prevalence, correlative factors, as well as reasons of college students’academic dishonesty in USA.
In the second part, this paper reviews specific measure to prevent and manage college students’academic dishonesty in USA. Firstly, the prevention and management is realized by means of cultivating academic integrity ethos, as well as establishing and implementing academic integrity policies, in which the honor code is an acknowledged effective strategy to create academic integrity ethos. Secondly, the detection to the evidence of students’academic dishonesty esp. plagiarism behavior is realized by searching for cheating evidence, along with tracing the plagiarizing paper. Dealing with college students’academic dishonesty is according to the due procedure. Thirdly, the participating of American government esp. ORI, the participating of judicial procedure, as well as the acts of academic institutions, all have positive effects to promote college students’academic integrity.
In the third part, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty, and analyses the experiences of the prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty in USA from visual angle of moral education, as well as from the influences of historical changes of moral education ideas and the mainstreams of moral education theories to the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty. At the same time, this paper expatiates the problem of this pattern and its root in moral education, as well as the challenges that the internet brings.
In the last part, this paper summarizes the present situation of our country’s college students academic integrity construction, and reaches some enlightenments to us: Make college academic integrity policy perfect. Respect students’status for self-determination, bring students into academic community. Strengthen academic moral structure of college teachers and exert teachers’function of example.Exert academic institutions’function in promoting college students’academic integrity. Exploit new techniques to deal with the challenges from Internet. Strengthen the research on problem of college students’academic integrity.
引文
1学术腐败丑闻动摇中国科学 造假大案骇人听闻,新华每日电讯,2006 年 06 月 25 日,http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2006-06-25/151010248893.shtml
2如 Bob Corbett 的《骗子圣经》(The Cheater's Handbook:The Naughty Student’s Bible. Harper Collins Publishers Inc.1999)。
3 《马克思恩格斯选集》第 2 卷,人民出版社 1995 年版,第 111 页。
4 Donald L. McCabe, Linda Klebe Trevin? o, and Kenneth D. Butterfield, Honor codes ands other contextual influences on academic integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 43, No. 3, June 2002,pp357-378.
5 2007 年前在杜克大学,现迁至 Clemson 大学,其成员学校已经接近 300 所。
6 Whitly B.E., Jr., &Kost, C.R. ( 1999). College students’ perceptions of peers who cheat. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 1732-1759.; McCabe, D. L & Pavela, G., ( 2000).Some good news about academic integrity. Change, 32-38; Donald L. McCabe, Linda Klebe Trevi?o & Kenneth D. Butterfield.(2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232.
7 Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa- Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106; Nicholas H. Steneck. (1984).Commentary: the University and Research Ethics, Science. Technology & Human Values, 9(4).6-15; Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004; Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
8 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
9 McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232; McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1996). What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383; McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7; Christopher A. Simon, Jim R. Carr, Sesi M. McCullough, Sally J. Morgan, Ted Oleson& Maggie Ressel. (2004). Gender, student perceptions, institutional commitments and academic dishonesty: who reports in academic dishonesty cases? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education,29(1).77-84; Judith Ruderman, Faculty Play a Crucial Academic Integrity Role, ACADEMIC LEADER, http://ebooks-library.blogspot.com/; Timothy M. Dodd, Honor Code 101: an Introduction to the Elements of Traditional Honor Codes, Modified Honor Codes and Academic Integrity Policies. http://www.academicintegrity.org/educational_resources/honor_code_101.php.
10 McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7; McCabe, D. L & Makowski, A. L. (2001). Resolving Allegations of Academic Dishonesty, Is There a Role for Students to Play? About Compus, 17-21; Christopher A. Simon, Jim R. Carr, Sesi M. McCullough, Sally J. Morgan, Ted Oleson& Maggie Ressel. (2004). Gender, student perceptions, institutional commitments and academic dishonesty: who reports in academic dishonesty cases? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education,29(1).77-84.
11 Stephen F. Davis, Cathy A. Grover, Angela H. Becher, Loretta N. McGregor. (1992). Academic Dishonesty: Prevalence, Determinants, Techniques, and Punishments, Teaching of Psychology. Vol.19,No. 1.16-20; Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42; Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
12 Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42.
13 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
14 Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004; Robert Harris. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers. http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.November 17, 2004; Cheating 101: Detecting Plagiarized Papers. http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html; Plagiarism and Anti-Plagiarism.http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~ehrlich/plagiarism598.html; Jamie McKenzie. The New Plagiarism: Seven Antidotes to Prevent Highway Robbery in an Electronic Age. http://fno.org/may98/cov98may.html.
15 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121; Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42; Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004.
16 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
17 McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7.
18 Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa- Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106; McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232; Augustus E. Jordan. (2001). College Student Cheating: The Role of Motivation, Perceived Norms, Attitutes, and Knowledge of Institutional Policy. Ethics& Behavior,11(3),233-247.
19江新华:《学术何以失范——大学学术道德失范的制度分析》,社会科学文献出版社 2005 年版。
20 王恩华:《学术越轨批判》,湖南师范大学出版社 2005 年版。
21 东方善霸编著:《丑陋的学术人》,陕西师范大学出版社 1999 年版。
22 杨守建:《中国学术腐败批判》,天津人民出版社 2001 年版。
23 方舟子:《溃疡——直面中国学术腐败》,海南出版社 2001 年版。
24 杨圣玉:《学术规范与学术批评》,河南大学出版社 2005 年版。
25 杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范读本》,河南大学出版社 2004 年版。
26 杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范导论》,高等教育出版社 2004 年版。
27 教育部科学委员会秘书处 组编,《学术规范与学风建设论坛》,高等教育出版社 2005 年版。
28 学术批评网编:《为了学术共同体的尊严 学术批评网创办五周年纪念文集》,北京奥科德文化传播中心2006 年版。
29 唐纳德·肯尼迪 著,阎凤桥等 译:《学术责任》,新华出版社 2002 年版。
30 威廉?布罗德 尼古拉斯?韦德 著,朱进宁 方玉珍 译:《背叛真理的人们,科学殿堂中的弄虚作假》,上海科技教育出版社 2004 年版。介绍了科学史上一些重大的伪造数据、杜撰实验结果和剽窃他人研究成果的案例。如托勒密无中生有地声称进行过天文学测量,孟德尔发表的统计结果因过于漂亮而 失去真实性等等。作者通过这些案例,令人信服地分析了产生这类作弊行为和使作弊取得成功的社会原因和心理因素,指出了当前科学研究结构中存在不少问题(如过分相信科学界能够自我检验,过分依赖名流集团,存在不合理的师徒关系,刊物过多等等),说明现实的科学研究与通常观念所描绘的并没有多少共同之处。
31 Nicholas H. Steneck 著,曹南燕 等译:《科研伦理入门:ORI 介绍负责人研究行为》,清华大学出版社2005 年版。
32 美国医学科学院,美国科学三院国家科研委员会撰 苗德岁译:《科研道德 倡导负责行为》,北京大学出版社 2007 年版。
33 (日)山崎茂明著 杨舰 程远远 严凌纳译《:科学家的不端行为 捏造·篡改·剽窃》,清华大学出版社2005年版。本书围绕着研究成果的发表这一中心问题,考察了国际上科学活动中出现的种种不端行为。对于“科学界何以发生不端行为”,“那些不端行为的预防方法存在与否”等问题,从理论和实践两方面进行了探讨。
34 汪青松:《论当前治理高校学术道德失范的路径依赖》,《郑州航空工业管理学院学报》 (社会科学版),2007/06。
35 彭云:高校学术道德缺失的成因及对策,《中华医学科研管理杂志》,2007/05。
36 陈勇:大学生学术诚信面临的问题及其对策,《中国林业教育》,2006/05。
37 高进军:高校学术不端行为的防治——管理层、导师、研究生三方职责探析,《学位与研究生教育》, 2007/S1。
38 孙立群:高等学校学生学术不诚实成因分析及其对策研究,《黑龙江高教研究》,2003/01。
39 刘培蕾:约翰·霍普金斯大学本科生学术道德委员会制度及启示》,世界教育信息,2006/11。
40 蒯强:法国倡导科研诚信和反对学术不端行为的举措,《复旦教育论坛》,2007/05。
41 驻纽约总领事馆教育组:《美国高校的学术自由与学术诚信》,《中国高等教育》,2003/18。
42 陈涛:研究型大学工科研究生学术道德及学风建设的调查分析,《中国电力教育》,2007/11。
43 叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,《科学学研究》,2006/02。
44 杜晶波:大学生学术诚信现状调查分析与思考,《辽宁行政学院学报》,2007/01。
45 《列宁选集》第 4 卷,人民出版社 1995 年版,第 26 页。
46 Public Health Service, “Responsibilities of Awardee and Applicant Institutions for Dealing With and Reporting Possible Misconduct in Scinece: Final Rule,” Federal Register 54 (1989): 32.449.
47 Rebecca Dresser(2001), “Defining Research Misconduct: Will Wwe Know It When We See It ?”, Hasting Center Report, 31-32.
48 Office of Science Technology and Policy, “Federal Policy on Research Misconduct,” Federal Register65(2000):76, 262.
49 Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa- Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106.
50 Ikupa, J.C. B. (1997). Causes and cure of examination malpractices. The Business Administrator, 7(1), 38-39.
51 Oluyeba, N.F. & Daramola, S.O (1992). Incidences and detection of examination malpractices in Nigerian public examinations. Paper presented on behalf of WAEC on Examination Malpractices, University of Benin, Benin city, Nigeria.
52 Kibler, W.C., Nuss, E.M., Paterson, B.G., &Pavela, G. (1988). Academic integrity and student development: Legal issues, policy perspectives. Asheville, NC, USA: College Administrators Publications.
53 Pavela 将学术不诚实界定为:舞弊(Cheating):在学术训练中有意使用或试图使用未经认可的材料、信息或研究帮助。伪造(Fabrication):在任何学术训练中有意或未经许可伪造或虚构任何信息资料和引用语。协助学术不诚实(Facilitating academic dishonesty):有意或故意帮助或试图帮助他人破坏学校学术诚信准则的规定。剽窃(Plagiarism):故意采用或复制他人的观点、措辞、或陈述,未经确认据为己有。参考自 Pavela, G. (1978). Judicial review of academic decision- making after Horowitz. School Law Journal, 55(8), pp.55- 75. 此后 Gehring 与 Pavela 进一步界定学术不诚实是一种“故意的欺骗行为,学生在未经授权的情况下试图将他人的工作或努力成果的荣誉据为己有,或者在任何学术训练中使用未经授权的材料或伪造信息……或者伪造学术文件,故意损坏或破坏他人的学术成果,或帮助其他学生进行不诚实行为”。 参考自 Gehring D., and Pavela, G. (1994), Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd ed.). Washington, DC; National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.5-6.
54 Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.C., & Barton, S.M. (2003). Collegiate academic dishonesty revisited: What have they done, how often have they done it, who does it, and why did they do it. Electronic Journals of Sociology.
55 Fass, R. A. (1990). Cheating and plagiarism. In W. M. May (Ed.), Ethics and higher education. 172.
56 McCabe,D.L. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry,62(3),365-374.
57 Davis, S.F., Grover, C.A., Becker, A.H. & McGregor, L.N. (1992). Academic dishonesty: prevalence, determinants, techniques, and punishments. Teaching of Psychology, 19(1),16-20.
58 Hendershott, A., Drinan, P.F. &Cross, M. (1999).Gender and academic integrity. Journal of College Student Dvelopment, 40(4), 345-354.
59 Jendrek, M.P. (1992).Students reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Dvelopment, 33,260-273.
60 Stern, E.B., & Havlicek, L. (1986). Academic misconduct: Results of faculty and undergraduate students surveys. Journal of Allied Heakth, 15, 129-142.
61 参考改编自 Jendrek, 1992, University of Manitoba Student Advocacy brochure: Fairness Advocacy; Mount Saint Vincent University Academic Calender2002-2003.
62 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel, Academic Dishonesty An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.4-16.
63 Stephen F. Davis, Cathy A. Grover, Angela H. Becker & Loretta N. McGregor, academic dishonesty determinants, techniques, and punishments, Teaching of Psychology , Vol. 19, No.1, February 1992.16-20.
64 McCabe, D. L.( 1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological inquiry, 365-374.
65 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel, Academic Dishonesty An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.7-9.
66 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel, Academic Dishonesty An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.4.
67 Brown, B.S. (1995). The academic ethics of graduate business students: A survey. Journal of Education for Business, 70,151-156; Sierles, F., I. Hendrickx & S. Circle. (1980). Cheating among college students estimated with the radom-response technique. College Student Journal. 321-325; Sims, R. L. (1993). The relationship between academic dishonesty and unethical business practices. Journal of Education for Business, 68, 207-211.
68 另有 5 起案件的审理结果未见公布。
69 鉴于美国联邦隐私权保护条例,学校不会公布学生的种族和名单。但据知情人士透露,有 13 名中国学生将受到严厉处分:八名开除,五名停学。另外还有将近十名被警告加重修这门功课。二十二个中国学生被调查,八个开除,五个停学,六个被罚重修,一个无罪,两个未详。2007 年 5 月 4 日,新语丝网友 Eric以《杜克大学富科商学院重大学生舞弊案件》,万维读者网教育与学术网友福克以《美国名牌商学院大规模开除舞弊的中国学生》为标题,转发了内容完全一样的报道。
70Jendrek, M.P.(1989).Faculty reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 401-406; Michaels J. W., & Miethe, T.D.(1989) Apllying theories of deviance to academic cheating. Social Science Quarterly, 70,870-885.; Tittle, C.R. & Rowe, A.R. (1973). Moral appeal, sanction threat, and deviance: An experimental test. Social Forces, 20, 488-498.
71McCabe, D. L. &Trevino, L.K.(1997) Individual and contextual influences on Academic dishonesty: A multicampus investigation, Research in higher education, vol. 38,No.3. 379-396.
72数据来源:Aiken, L.R. (1991). Detecting, understanding, and controlling for cheating on test. Research in higher education, 32,725-736.; Brown, B.S. (1995). The academic ethics of graduate business students: A survey. Journal of Education for Business, 70,151-156; Davis, S.F., Grover, C.A., Becker, A.H. & McGregor, L.N. (1992). Academic dishonesty: prevalence, determinants, techniques, and punishments. Teaching of Psychology. 19(1), 16-20.; Davis, S.F. & Ludvigson, H.W.. (1995). Additional data on academic dishonesty and a proposal for remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22,119-121.; Diekhoff, G. M., LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Williams, L.E., Francis, B. & Haines, V.J. (1996). Cillege cheating: Ten years later. Research in higher education, 37, 487-502.; Faulkender, P. J. Range, L. M., Hamilton, M., Strehlow, M., Jackson, S., Blanchard, E. &Dean, P. (1994). The case of the stolen psychology test: An analysis of an actual cheating incident. Ethics& Behavior, 4, 209-217.; Franklyn-Stokes, A.& Newstead, S. E.(1995). Undergraduate cheating: Who does what and why? Studies in Higher Education, 20(2), 39-52.; McCabe, D.L. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry,62(3),365-374; McCabe D.L. Trevino, L.K.,&Butterfield, K.D. (1999). Academic integrity in honor code and non-honor code environments. Journal of Higher Education, 70,211-234.; Nuss, E.M. (1984). Academic integrity: Comparing faculty and student attitudes. Improving College and University Teaching,32,140-144.; Sutton, E.M.& Huba, M.E. (1995). Undergraduate student perceptions of academic dishonesty as a function of ethnicity and religious participation. NASPA Journal, 33, 19-34.
73 Weiss, J., Gilbert, K., Davis, S.F. & Giordano. P.(1993)Academic dishonesty, Type A behavior, and classroom orientation. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 101-102.
74Astin, A. W. (1984) Achieving Academic Excellence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985.
75LaGrange, M. V. (1992). Student, faculty and administrator perceptions of academic dishonesty. Unpublished master’s thesis, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
76 作为多点研究的一个范例,McCabe, Trevino 和 Butterfield(1999)采用定性研究方法,研究有无荣誉准则学校学生的行为以及学术诚信的方式是否存在差异。McCabe 等人从 31 所学校获取样本,研究发现,在两种类型的学校中,学生将取得成功的压力(例如来自家庭、雇主以及研究生院)与舞弊行为相联系。研究报告的本科生层次舞弊比率从中等到高等,有证据显示,至少有一部分学生的舞弊行为是为了获得研究生院的入学资格。
77 McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232.
78 Cizek, G.J. (1999). Cheating on tests: How to di it, detect it, prevent it. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
79 McCabe, D.L. (1993). Faculty responses to academic dishonesty: The influence of student honor codes. Research in higher education, 34, 647-658.
80 Jendrek, M.P.(1989).Faculty reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 401-406.
81 Schmelkin, L.P., Kaufman, A.M., & Liebling, D.E.(2001) Faculty assessments of the clarity and prevalence of academic dishonesty. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
82 Keith-Spiegel,P., Tabachnick, B.G., Whitely,B.E., Jr., & Washburn, J.(1998). Why do professors ignore cheating? Opinions of a national sample of psychology instructors. Ethics & Behavior, 8, 215-227.
83 Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in higher education, 39, 235-274.
84 McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L.K.(1997) Individual and contextual influences on Academic dishonesty: A multicampus investigation, Research in higher education, vol. 38, No.3. 379-396.
85 Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in higher education, 39, 235-274.
86 LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Haines, V.J., & Diekhoff, G.M. (1990). Situational ethics and college student cheating. Sociological Inquiry, 60,190-198.
87 Harold C. Sox, MD, and Drummond Rennie,MD.(2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine. 609-613.
88 Alschuler, A. S., & Blimling, G. S. (1995). Curbing epidemic cheating through systemic change. College Teaching, 43, 123–125; Gehring, D. & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC: National Association of Student Personnel Administrators; Kibler, W. L. (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective. NASPA Journal, 31,pp 8–18; Pavela, G., & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
89 Whitley, B.E. (1998).Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in Higher Education, 39,235-274.
90 Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2),
106-117; Trevi?o, L. K. (1990). A cultural perspective on changing and developing organizationalethics. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 195–230.
91 Gehring, D. & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC: National Association of Student Personnel Administrators. 29.
92 Eison, J. A., Pollio, H. R. & Milton, O. (1986). Educational and personal characteristics of four different types of learning- and grade-oriented students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11, 54–67.
93 Carter, S. L. (1996). Integrity. New York: Harper Collins.
94 Pavela, G., & McCabe. D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
95 McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., (1996). What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383.
96 Melendez, B. (1985). Honor Code Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
97 McCabe, D. L. Trevino, L. K., (1993). Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 522-538.
98 McCabe, D. L. & Pavela, G. Ten Principles of Academic Integrity. http://www.collegepubs.com/ref/10PrinAcaInteg.shtml
99 McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2002). Honor codes and other contextual influences on academic integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 43, No. 3, 357-378.
100在另外 9 所传统荣誉准则学校内,这一比率为 23%。
101 McCabe, Donald L., Trevino, Linda Klebe, What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383, Jan/Feb96.
102杜克大学荣誉委员会的网站由荣誉委员会主席 Dave Chowski 设计。这一网站提供关于如何正确引用的非常好的资源。
103 Cummings, T. G. & Huse, E. F. (1989). Organization development and change (4th Ed.). St. Paul, MN: West.
104 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr., and Patricia Keith-Spiegel,Academic Integrity as an InstitutionalIssue ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 11(3), 325–342.
105 http://www.cwru.edu/provost/ugstudies/handbook2003.pdf
106 http://www.cwru.edu/provost/ugstudies/handbook2003.pdf
107 Bok, D. (1990). Universities and the future of America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
108 Carter, S. L. (1996). Integrity. New York: Harper Collins.
109 斯坦佛大学《科学不端行为:指控、调查及报告政策》。
110 Gary Pavela, (1997). Applying the Power of Association on Campus: A Model Code of Academic Integrity, Journal of College and University Law,V24, No. 1.
111 Risacher, J. & Slonaker, W. (1996). Academic misconduct: NASPA institutional members’ views and a pragmatic model policy. NASPA Journal, 33. 121.
112 Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 30.
113 Gehring, D., & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC: National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.
114 Kibler, W. L., Nuss, E. M., Peterson, B. G. & Pavela, G. (1988). Academic integrity and student development: Legal issues and policy perspectives. Asheville, NC: College Administration Publications.
115 Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21(4), 29.
116 Alschuler, A. S. & Blimling, G. S. (1995). Curbing epidemic cheating through systemic change. College Teaching, 43, 124–125.
117 Pavela, G. (1997). Applying the power of association on campus: A model code of academic integrity. Journal of College and University Law, 24, 107.
118 http://www.academicintegrity.org/educational_resources/featured_schools/caseWesternResUni.php
119 http://www.bsu.edu/mitt.
120 United States Naval Academy Honor Remediation Program. Annapolis, MD: Author. Retrieved July 7, 1997. 引自 http://www.nadn.navy.mil/CharacterDevelopment/hon_remed.html.
121常建勇:美国大学生诚信管理体系运行机制及对我国的启示,《中国青年研究》,2008 年第 3 期。
122 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
123 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
124 Trevi?o, L. K. (1990). A cultural perspective on changing and developing organizational ethics. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 207.
125 http://www.sa.sc.edu/creed/CWrecognition.htm.
126 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
127 Kerkvliet, J., & Sigmund, C. L. (1999). Can we control cheating in the classroom? Journal of Economic Education, 30, 331–343.
128 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
129 Kibler, W.L., (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective.NASPA Journal,31,8-18.
130 Gehring, D. & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.).Washington DC:National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.31.
131 Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in Higher Education, 39, 235-274.
132《密西西比在燃烧》是一部拍摄于 1988 年讲述美国 60 年代黑人人权问题的影片,根据真实的历史事件改编。
133这种假设是否合理目前还没有定论。在 McCabe 对高中生的调查发现,90%的使用互联网进行剽窃的学生也会剽窃书面资料。换句话说,互联网只“创造”出了很少一部分新的舞弊者——大概占到全体学生的 6%。
134 Lawrence M. Hinman.the Impact of the Internet on Our Moral Lives.SUNY Press.
135 MLA 格式(Modern Language Association Style),现代语言学会体例,主要应用于人文科学领域,尤其是语言、文学和艺术领域。 MLA 格式广泛用于人文科学领域为学术期刊或论文经常采用的数据引用资料格式之一。APA 格式(American Psychological Association style),指美国心理协会 (American Psychological Association) 所出版的出版手册 (Publication Manual) 中,有关投稿该协会旗下所属二十九种期刊(目前为二十七种)时必须遵守的规定而言。该手册详细规定文稿的架构、文字、图表、数字、符号…等的格式,通称为 APA。主要用于心理学、教育学等社科领域。Chicago 格式,主要用于历史学,政治学和地理学等领域。CBE 格式(Council of Biology Editors style ),美国生物学编辑理事会格式,几乎用于所有的生物学领域。
136http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/plagiarism/detecting/index.cfm; http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm; http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html; http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
138 http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm; http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/plagiarism/detecting/index.cfm.
139 数据参考自:Plagiarism and the Web,http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfbhl/wiu/plagiarism.htm; Plagiarism stoppers: A Teacher’s Guide http://www.ncusd203.org/central/html/where/plagiarism_stopper.html.
140沈卫利译:美国大学抓住网络剽窃者,http://www.yesky.com/422/174422_1.shtml.
141 Web 网按其分布状况可以分为“表层网”(Surface Web)和“深层网”(Deep Web,也有称Invisible Web,Hidden Web)。Surface Web 指存储在 Web 空间、由超链接连接起来的静态网页、文件等资源,一般来说通过超链接就可以访问这些资源。这里所说的 Surface Web 是指传统网页搜索引擎可以索引的 Web,以超链接可以到达的静态网页为主构成的 Web。引自http://blog.csdn.net/funson/archive/2007/03/27/1543016.aspx.
142 Deep Web 指那些存储在网络数据库里、不能通过超链接访问而需要通过动态网页技术访问的资源集合。引自 http://blog.csdn.net/funson/archive/2007/03/27/1543016.aspx.
143新闻组(USENET)互联网是信息交流的重要空间,而新闻组则是互联网上一种高效的交流方式,在国外,她的使用频率仅次于电子邮件。她通过电子邮件交换信息,能够离线看信、写信,有效的节约上网费用和网络源。新闻组类似于一个公告板,所有的用户都可以发布消息,也都能看到别人发布的消息并做出回复,从而实现交流。
144http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/plagiarism/detecting/index.cfm; http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html; http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
145 资料来源:有关抄袭的英文专属网站, http://sex.ncu.edu.tw/members/ho/study/2006Reserch/1017_3.pdf ; Plagiarism Stoppers: A Teacher's Guide, http://www.ncusd203.org/central/html/where/plagiarism_stoppers.html.
146 Five rules to follow if you're certain you've caught someone cheating, http://www.plagiarized.com/caughtrules.html; 以及 Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices, http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9.
147 Resolving Minor Academic Integrity Violations. Academic Leader. 8.
148 Resolving Academic Dishonesty Through Facilitated Discussion. Academic Leader. P3.
149 这一数据根据学术诚信中心(www.academicintegrity.org)的研究结果。
150 Leslee Throckmorton-Belzer, Patricia Keith-Spiegel, and Jennifer Wrangham, (2001). Student Response to a Collective Penalty for Reported Cheating: A Case Study, Ethics& Behavior, 343-348.
151 Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices, http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9.
152 截至 2002 年 3 月,研究诚信办公室共由主任办公室(Office of the Director)、诚信教育部(Division of Education and Integrity)、调查监督部(Division of Investigative Oversight)和综合法律顾问部(Office of the General Counsel)四个子部门组成。
153 http://ori.dhhs.gov/misconduct/cases/.
154 Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp., 45 F.2d 119,121(2nd Cir,1930)
155 Ronald B. Standler , Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Lamberis, Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp., 81 F.2d 49, 56 (2d Cir. 1936).
156 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Lamberis, Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.,15 USC § 1125.
157 Restatement of the Law (Third) Unfair Competition §§ 2, 3(b), 5 (1995).
158California Education Code §§ 66400 – 66405、Colorado § 23-4-101 – 106、Connecticut § 53-392a – e、Florida § 877.17、Illinois ch. 110, § 5/0.01 – 5/1、Maine 17-A § 705、Massachusetts ch. 271, § 50、Nevada 207.320、New Jersey 18A:2-3、New York Education Law § 213-b、North Carolina § 14-118.2、Pennsylvania title 18, § 7324、 Virginia § 18.2-505、Washington 28B.10.580 – 584。参考自 1999 年 1 月 22 日,WESTLAW 数据库。
159 misdemeanor,比重罪要轻的违法行为,不正当的行为。
160 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Lamberis, 443 N.E.2d 549, 550 (Ill. 1982).
161 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Nowak (1976), 62 Ill.2d 279, 283, 342 N.E.2d 25.
162Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. State v. Saksniit, 332 N.Y.S.2d 343 (1972).
163Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. State v. Saksniit, 332 N.Y.S.2d 343, 345 (1972).
164Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 345.
165Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 345-346.
166Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. N.Y. Education Law, §224(2).
167Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. N.Y. Education Law, §224(3).
168 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. State v. Saksniit, 332 N.Y.S.2d 343, 346 (1972).
169 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 348.
170“超越权限”是公司(企业)超出向纽约州提出的组成公司申请的权力的一种行为。Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 350.
171Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 349-350.
172Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 349.
173 2007 年学术诚信中心迁入 Clemson 大学。
174 其中包括《平等职业机会政策声明》、《关于什么是科学的声明》、《职业行为指南》、《关于处理研究不当行为政策的声明》以及《促进职业道德、标准和行为教育的声明》。
175美国物理学会《职业行为指南》内容涉及:(1)研究结果:研究结果应当以可提供分析和评议的方式进行记录, 伪造数据或者选择性地报道数据是科学不当行为;(2)发表和作者:作者必须是那些在研究过程中做出了重要贡献的人员,抄袭是不道德的科学行为,是不能被接受的;(3)同行评议:应当提供全面、公正、客观的评议,注意保密,并注意利益规避;(4)利益冲突:必须完全公开可能导致利益冲突的关系和行为。与 2002 年指南配套,还公布了《关于作者和合作者义务的补充指南》(2002 年 11 月)、《关于研究结果的补充指南》(2002 年 11 月)、《关于发表无参考文献的补充指南》(2004 年 4 月)。
176 《学术职业指南》第一版于 1991 年采用,1994 年进行了修订,最新版本在 2001 年采用。
177 涉及化学科学和工程的本科生、研究生、博士后、主力研究人员、技术人员、全职或兼职教职员工和研究人员都在美国化学学会界定的“化学家”范围内。
182研究报告发现大部分的学术团体对科学道德问题仍然不够重视,建议采取更加系统的行动来加以促进。报告特别指出“开展研究的指南应该适合当地的情况,包括特定的研究领域和计划,而且应该由参与研究的科学家来制定这些指南,因为他们了解与工作有关的特别事项”。参考自:王艳,美国学术团体促进科研诚信规范,《科学对社会的影响》,2006 年第 2 期。
183王艳:美国学术团体促进科研诚信规范,《科学对社会的影响》,2006 年第 2 期。
184 Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2), 106-117.
185 Bowers, W. J. (1964). Student dishonesty and its control in college. New York: Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University.
186 McCabe, D. L., &Trevino, L. K., (1996). What we know about cheating in college ,Change, 00091383.
187 Kibler, W. L. (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective. NASPA Journal, 31, 12.
188 McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., (1996). What we know about cheating in college., Change, 00091383.
189 McCabe, Donald L. Trevino, Linda Klebe. Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education; Sep/Oct93, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 522-538.
190 McCabe, D. L.,Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III,(1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.
191 McCabe, D. L., and Pavela, G. (2000). Some good news about academic integrity. Change 33 (5), 32–38.
192 McCabe, D. L. &Trevino, L. K., (1993). Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 525.
193 Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
194 Resolving Minor Academic Integrity Violations. Academic Leader. p8.
195 Resolving Minor Academic Integrity Violations. Academic Leader. p8.
196Marcel. C. Lafollette., (2000). COMMENTS: The Evolution of the “Scientific Misconduct” Issue: An Historical Overview, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT HISTORICAL OVERVIEW, 211-215; Nicholas H. Steneck, (1984). Commentary: the University and Research Ethics, Science, Technology & Human Values, 6-15; Rebecca Dresser, (2001). Defineing Research Misconduct: Will We Know It When We See It? Hasting Center Report. 31-32.
197 1974 年,William T. Summerlin 在纽约 Sloan-Kettering 癌症中心对皮肤癌进行集中研究。他在用组织培养促进遗传上不相容的皮肤移植研究中,人为的使两只小白鼠身上移植皮肤的颜色加深,以此显示他试验成功。在面对学术欺诈指控时,Summerlin 将责任归咎于脑力和体力的耗尽、学校对公布研究结果的压力、以及令他对判断“麻木”的“无法忍受的临床试验负担”等。参考自 Hixson J. The Patchwork Mouse. Garden City, NJ: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 220, 1976.; McBride G. (1974). The Sloan-Kettering affair: Could it have happened anywhere? JAMA 229:1391–1410.
200 U.S. House of Representatives. Fraud in Biomedical Research, 1981: Hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, 97th Cong., 1st Sess., 1981; LaFollette MC. A foundation of trust: Scientific misconduct, Congressional oversight, and the regulatory response. In: Braxton JM, Ed.Perspectives on Scholarly Misconduct in the Sciences. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 11–41, 1999.
201 U.S. House of Representatives. Fraud in Biomedical Research, 1981: Hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, 97th Cong., 1st Sess., 1981.
202 Harold C. Sox, MD, and Drummond Rennie, MD.(2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine, 609-613.
203 U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific fraud and misconduct and the federal response, 1988: Hearing of the Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations, 100th Cong., 1st Sess., 11 April, 1988. 14. U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific Fraud and Misconduct in the National Institutes of Health Biomedical Grant Programs, 1988: Hearing of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, 100th Cong., 1st Sess., 12 April, 1988.
204 TherezaImanishi-Kar,Baltimore 案件中诺贝尔奖获得者 David Baltimore 的一名同事和合作者。Kevles DJ. The Baltimore Affair: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character. New York: WW Norton & Co, 1998. 16. Sarasohn J. Science on Trial: The Whistle Blower, the Accused, and the Nobel Laureate. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
205 科学家、心理学者 Stephen J. Breuning 向全国心理健康协会(the National Institute of Mental Health)伪造了研究计划报告。Valentine PW. Drug therapy researcher is indicted. Wash Post 111:A1, A14, 1988. ;Wheeler DL. Researcher is indicted for falsifying data and impeding investigation of his work. Chron Higher Ed 34:A4, A12, 1988.; Zurer PS. Researcher criminally charged with fraud. Chem Eng News 66:5, 1988.
206 Breuning 的研究数据已经被广泛报道和广泛应用,从 1980 年到 1983 年,他发表的论文数量至少占到了这一主题所有学术性文章的三分之一,并且此后的引文分析也显示,1981 年至 1985 年,他的成果对文献资料有“富有意义”的影响。此外,他的结论还被用于证明患者治疗的正确性。尽管最终没有造成对患者的实际伤害,但是这一事件几乎明确的向很多非学术界人士证明了学术不端问题存在及危害,并且也促使美新闻界及政界对这一问题产生了更多的关注。Garfield E, Welljams-Dorof A. The impact of fraudulent research on the scientific literature: The Stephen E. Breuning case. In: Peer Review in Scientific Publishing: Papers from the First International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication, Chicago, IL, 10–12 May 1989. Chicago: Council of Biology Editors, 53, 1991.
207 U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific Fraud and Misconduct: The Institutional Response,1989: Hearing of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, 101st Cong., 1st Sess., 9 May, 1989. 26. U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific Fraud, 1990: Hearing of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, 101st Cong., 2nd Sess., 14 May, 1990.27. U.S. House of Representatives. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 1990: Maintaining the Integrity of Scientific Research, 101st Cong., 2nd Sess., 1990.
208 Kevles DJ. The Baltimore Affair: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character. New York: WW Norton & Co, 1998.16. Sarasohn J. Science on Trial: The Whistle Blower, the Accused, and the Nobel Laureate. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
209 Buzzelli DE. (1993)The definition of misconduct in science: A view from NSF. Science
259:pp584–585, 647–648.
210曹南燕 吴寿乾:研究诚信的体制化——美国研究诚信办公室及其启示,《自然辩证法研究》,2006 年第10 期。
211 Harold C. Sox, MD, and Drummond Rennie,MD.(2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine. 609-613.
212 “PHS 受奖者及申请者制度在处理及报告可能的科学不端行为时的职责”,42 联邦法规全书第 50 卷,A分卷。
213 Saunders, Edward J, (1993).CONFRONTING ACADEMIC DISHONESTY. Journal of Social Work Education.; Ronald B. Standler , Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm.
214 Napolitano v. Princeton Univ., 453 A.2d 279 (N.J.Super.Ch.Div. 1982), aff'd 453 A.2d 263 (N.J.Super. 1982).
215 美国著作权法第107条(17 U.S.C.§107, Limitations on Exclusive Rights: Fair Use)将“合理性”界定为:四条标准,即善意使用、非竞争性使用、无其他损害的作用、 特定主体的使用。参考自吴汉东,美国著作权法中合理使用的“合理性”判断标准,《外国法译评》,1997 年第 3 期;季卫东,网络化社会的戏仿与公平竞争(上) ――关于著作权制度设计的比较分析,http://www.civillaw.com.cn/article/default.asp?id=28059
216Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. U.S. v. International Term Papers, Inc., 477 F.2d 1277, 1280 (1stCir. 1973)。
217Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. People v. Magee,
423 N.Y.S.2d 417, 419-421 (1979).
218所谓简易判决,又被称为即决判决(Summary Judgment),是指对重要的案件事实并不存在真正的争议,在审前阶段,根据当事人的申请,法官直接将案件作为纯法律问题加以处理的一种便捷、快速的判决方式。简易判决的目的主要是为了避免进行不必要的开庭审理,简化诉讼程序,节省诉讼资源和成本。参考自http://www.freelawyer.cn/fashixue/10752.html
219Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. 419-420.
220 美国大学的学生荣誉誓言, http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xxsb/1223054.htm
227 张金顺:国外德育理论研究的新进展,《广西民族大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2006 年 11 月。
228刘永弘:道德认知发展理论对我国学校道德教育的启示,《合肥学院学报(社会科学版)》,2007(4)。
229 Lee Jungjun,试评“价值澄清理论”,http://jjstudio.vcmblog.com/archives/2007/711123.html
230洪棋文 陈红:美国学校德育的价值澄清理论评析,《衡阳师范学院学报》,2007 年 8 月。
231 http://www.myoops.org/cocw/mit/Foreign-Languages-and-Literatures/21F-704Spring-2005/Syllabus/
232 Roig. Miguel., (2001). Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Criteria of College and University Professors. Ethics & Behavior, Jul2001, Vol. 11 Issue 3, 307-323, 309.
233 Roig. Miguel., (2001). Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Criteria of College and University Professors. Ethics& Behavior, Jul2001, Vol. 11 Issue 3, 307-323, 313
234 Roig, Miguel. (1997). Can undergraduate students dertermine whether text has been plagiarized?Psychological Record, 44, 3-12
235 Stevens, Edward H., (1996). Informal resolution of academic misconduct cases. College Teaching, 213-221.
236 L.M. Hinman., (2002). Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society. 33-42.
237 高天极:美国道德教育与中国传统道德教育之比较[DB/OL],2005 年 4 月 4 日,http://www.blogms.com/blog/CommList.aspx?BlogLogCode=1000261840
238 蔡国英:当代西方道德教育思潮的导向及其启示,《宁夏大学学报》(人文社会科学版),2004 年第 5 期。
239 高天极:美国道德教育与中国传统道德教育之比较[DB/OL],2005 年 4 月 4 日,http://www.blogms.com/blog/CommList.aspx?BlogLogCode=1000261840
240 杨韶刚:从道德相对主义到核心价值观——学校道德教育转向的心理学思考,《教育研究》,2004 年 01期。
241 杨韶刚:从道德相对主义到核心价值观——学校道德教育转向的心理学思考,《教育研究》,2004 年 01期。
242 高天极:美国道德教育与中国传统道德教育之比较[DB/OL],2005 年 4 月 4 日,http://www.blogms.com/blog/CommList.aspx?BlogLogCode=1000261840
243 Sara Rimer, A Campus Fad That's Being Copied: Internet Plagiarism. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/03/education/03CHEA.html
244 Lawrence M. Hinman. The Impact of the Internet on Our Moral Lives. SUNY Press.
245大多数这类网站都没有告知论文购买者不要用网站上得到的论文获得课程分数,但是学生仍然将其左为自己的论文上交。有些网站免费提供论文——只要点击下载即可。一些网站免费提供论文,但是需要先注册。一些网站需要进行交换——要“免费”下载一篇论文,必须先提供一篇论文。一些网站需要先交会费才允许访问使用。大多数网站按页数收费,费用在每页 1-10 美元之间。购买者信用卡账单上显示的是"Research Inc."或"AmeriCorp"。如果购买者第二天就要交论文而普通邮寄速度太慢,另加 15 美元就能立即得到通过 e-mail 传递的论文。如果查找后未能找到合适的论文,购买者还可以花重金购买网站专门为其定制的论文。
246 Cheating 101: Detecting Plagiarized Papers, http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html
247 http://www.plagiarized.com
248 顾炎武:《亭林文集》卷三《与友人论学书》。转引自梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》,山西古籍出版社2001 年版,第 59 页。
249 汪荣宝:《法言义疏》,上册,中华书局,1987 年版,第 18 页。
250 钱穆:《中国近三百年学术史》,上册,商务印书馆 1997 年版,第 29 页。
251 《曾巩集》卷十六《寄欧阳舍人书》,启功等主编,朱国富、谢若水整理,国际文化出版公司 1997 年版,第 97 页。
252 白寿彝、廖德清、施丁主编:《中国通史》第 4 卷,上海人民出版社 1995 年版,第 548 页。
253 梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》,山西古籍出版社 2001 年版,第 65 页、159 页。
254 孙作云:《〈离骚〉校勘记》,《孙作云文集〈?离骚〉研究(上)》,河南大学出版社 2003 年版,第 190 页
255 梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》,山西古籍出版社 2001 年版,第 149 页。
256 杨圣玉 张保生主编:《学术规范导论》高等教育出版社 2004 年版,第 19、20、21 页。
257杜晶波:大学生学术诚信现状调查分析与思考,《辽宁行政学院学报》,2007/1(124-125)。
258数据来源:杜晶波:大学生学术诚信现状调查分析与思考,《辽宁行政学院学报》,2007/1(124-125);学术规范遭遇缺失 需加强大学生学术诚信教,光明日报,2006 年 01 月 10 日, http://edu.qq.com/a/20060110/000013.htm;加强大学生诚信道德建设 构建新时期高校和谐校园,2007-4-30,http://www.bjyouth.gov.cn/gzyj/jyjl/141187.shtml;“拒绝考试作弊,远离学术腐败”系列活动,2005-10-27, http://dpt.swupl.edu.cn/content.asp?did=1&cid=80339415901&id=81490181701;刘培蕾:大学生学术诚信缺失的原因及其教育对策研究,硕士学位论文,2007 年 5 月,中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库;江新华:学术何以失范——大学学术道德失范的制度分析,社会科学文献出版社 2005 年版;石国亮:当代中国大学生道德的新取向研究,新华网,2005 年 09 月 14 日,http://news.xinhuanet.com/video/2005-09/14/content_3489976.htm;秦霞 陈敏 华小烨:大学生考试作弊与诚信问题调查,《中国大学教学》,2004 No.7 P.45-46;不得不抄能抄就抄——作弊现象折射考试制度弊端[N].北京:中国青年报,2005-8-31;何霭:当代大学生诚信状况的调查与思考,《河南教育》(高教版),2005/Z1(27-28);叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,《科学学研究》,2006/4(178-183)。
259 网上买硕士论文:200 元一篇行情火爆 东方网 3 月 15 日。
260 类似提供论文买卖或免费下载的网站主要有:论文网在线(www.lunwenwang.com)中国免费论文网(www.lunwennet.com)、论文发表网(www.lunwen.net.cn)、中国论文网(www.lw99.com/)、找论文网(www.zlunwen.com)、中国 51 在线免费论文资源下载网(www.51lun-wen.cn)、论文网(www.lunw.com)、教育论文网(www.51papers.com)、易起论文网(www.17net.net)、论文秘书网(www.wenshu.net)、论文天下论文网(www.lunwentianxia.com)、中国论文网(www.witkeycity.com)、中国论文网(www.paperlw.com)、中华论文网(www.papercn.cn)等。
261 Robert Marquand 报道,Yush 译:美国《基督教科学箴言报》:中国学术造假泛滥,转引自新语丝,http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/47406879010003ym
262 张洁平、呙中校, 揭开学术腐败 防止动摇国本, 2006 年 8 月 27 日, 亚洲周刊二十卷三十五期,http://blog.soufun.com/6340344/273679/articledetail.htm
263Paul Mooney 报道,Yush 译:美国《高等教育纪事报》2006 年 5 月 19 日,http://bbs.cqzg.cn/thread-419413-1-1.html
264杨锦麟:中国学术之假:“痛了谁的神经,又能惊醒谁”, 2006-8-7,http://blog.phoenixtv.com/user3/sjlzg/archives/2006/265171.html
265 傅萍:《关于学术腐败的界定问题》,《学术规范与学风建设论坛》,教育部科学委员会秘书处 组编,高等教育出版社 2005 年版。
266 胡杨:《建树学术规范 反对学术腐败——〈自然辩证法通讯〉“学术规范与学风建设”讨论综述》,学术批评网 2002 年 2 月 28 日。
267 周祥森 章培恒 俞吾金 曹树基:《畅谈学术规范与学风建设》,中华读书报,2004 年 11 月 26 日。
268张国春:《加强学风建设 促进学术繁荣——近期学术界关于学风问题讨论综述》,学术批评网,2002 年8 月 18 日。
269 邱咏梅:中美高校学术规范文本的解读与评价——《北京大学教师学术道德规范》和《乔治·华盛顿大学关于学术不端行为处理程序的规定》的比较研究,《大学教育科学》,2005 年第 6 期。
270 时章明:《新思路 新举措——2005 年湖南省高校思想政治教育研究课题成果集》,湖南大学出版社 2005年版,第 123-124 页。
271 张耀灿等:《现代思想政治教育学》,人民出版社 2001 年版,第 197-200 页。
272 龙庆华:《高校诚信道德建设研究》,云南大学出版社 2007 年版,第 191-194 页。
273 鲁洁 王逢贤:《德育新论》,江苏教育出版社 2000 年版,第 445-446 页。
274 钟启泉等:《西方德育原理》,陕西人民教育出版社 1998 年版,第 275-292 页。
275 鲁洁 王逢贤:《德育新论》,江苏教育出版社 2000 年版,第 486 页。
276具体反剽窃程序是:需要防剽窃的作品在该网站确认登记后,网站便会启动监控系统,在互联网上进行类似于“多个关键词”的搜索,监视发现是否有与登记文章存在多处相同文字的其他有关文章,被确定为遭剽窃或有剽窃嫌疑的作品,还可以请求网站委托专家鉴定和律师见证。这种手段只能针对互联网作品,并且有相当多一部分没有纳入数据库的文章无法比对。参考自 http://www.heyunfeng.com/ 。
277 http://www.eyw.edu.cn/zhuanti/tzbkj/zlhb/zlhb1-2-2-51.htm
278李文凯:美国高校学术诚信教育及启示,选自《中国教育报》。
1. 马克思恩格斯选集(1-4),人民出版社 1995 年版。
2. 教育部社会科学研究与思想政治工作司 组编:《思想政治教育学原理》,高等教育出版社 1999 年版。
3. 张耀灿 郑永廷 刘书林 吴潜涛 等:《现代思想政治教育学》,人民出版社2001 年版。
4. 陈秉公:《思想政治教育学原理》,辽宁人民出版社 2001 年版。
5. 祖嘉合:《思想政治教育方法教程》,北京大学出版社 2004 年版。
6. 张耀灿、徐志远:《现代思想政治教育学科论》,湖北人民出版社 2003 年版。
7. 吴文侃、杨汉清主编:《比较教育学》,北京人民出版社 1989 年版。
8. 黄向阳:《德育原理》,华东师范大学出版社 2000 年版。
9. 袁桂林:《当代西方道德教育理论》,福建教育出版社 1995 年版。
10.武汉大学思想政治教育系组编:《比较德育学》,武汉大学出版社 2003 年版。
11.鲁洁、王逢贤主编:《德育新论》,江苏教育出版社 1994 年版。
12.冯益谦:《比较与创新 中西德育方法比较》,中央编译出版社 2004 年版。
13.宋春宏:《比较德育新论》,西南师大出版 1998 年年版。
14.朱永康主编:《中外学校道德教育比较研究》,福建教育出版社 1998 年版。
15.龙庆华:《高校诚信道德建设研究》,云南大学出版社 2007 年版。
16.时章明主编:《新思路 新举措——2005 年湖南省高校思想政治教育研究课题成果集》,湖南大学出版社 2005 年版。
17.江新华:《学术何以失范——大学学术道德失范的制度分析》,社会科学文献出版社 2005 年版。
18.王恩华著:《学术越轨批判》,湖南师范大学出版社 2005 年年版。
19.别敦荣:《中美大学学术管理》,华中科技大学出版社 2001 年版。
20.王学风:《学院文化社会的学校德育研究——以新加坡为个案》,广东人民出版社 2005 年版。
21.杨圣玉:《学术规范与学术批评》,河南大学出版社 2005 年版。
22.杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范读本》,河南大学出版社 2004 年版。
23.杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范导论》,高等教育出版社 2004 年版。
24.教育部科学委员会秘书处组编:《学术规范与学风建设论坛》,高等教育出版社 2005 年版。
25.学术批评网编:《为了学术共同体的尊严 学术批评网创办五周年纪念文集》,北京奥科德文化传播中心 2006 年版。
26.东方善霸:《丑陋的学术人》,陕西师范大学出版社 1999 年版。
27.杨守建:《中国学术腐败批判》,天津人民出版社 2001 年版。
28.方舟子:《溃疡——直面中国学术腐败》,海南出版社 2001 年版。
29.[美]柯尔伯格:《道德教育的哲学》,浙江教育出版社 2000 年版。
30.[美]杜威:《道德教育原理》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
31.[美]路易斯·拉思斯:《价值与教学》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
32.[英]约翰·威尔逊:《道德教育新论》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
33.[英]彼得斯:《道德发展与道德教育》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
34.[美]唐纳德·肯尼迪 著,阎凤桥等 译:《学术责任》,新华出版社 2002 年版。
35.[美]威廉?布罗德 尼古拉斯?韦德 著,朱进宁 方玉珍 译:《背叛真理的人们,科学殿堂中的弄虚作假》,上海科技教育出版社 2004 年版。
36.[美]Nicholas H. Steneck 著,曹南燕 等译:《科研伦理入门:ORI 介绍负责人研究行为》,清华大学出版社 2005 年版。
37.[日]山崎茂明著 杨舰, 程远远, 严凌纳译:《科学家的不端行为 捏造·篡改·剽窃》,清华大学出版社 2005 年版。
38.美国医学科学院,美国科学三院国家科研委员会撰 苗德岁译:《科研道德 倡导负责行为》,北京大学出版社 2007 年版。
39.[美]科学、工程与公共政策委员会撰. 刘华杰译:《怎样当一名科学家,科学研究中的负责行为》,北京理工大学出版社 2004 年版。 ※ ※ ※ ※
40.李广文:高校学术道德建设应正确处理好三种关系,黑龙江高教研究,2006(2)。
41.叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,科学学研究,2006(2)。
42.黄育馥:美国专业人才的学术道德教育,国外社会科学,2005(1)。
43.邱咏梅:中美高校学术规范文本的解读与评价——《北京大学教师学术道德规范》和《乔治·华盛顿大学关于学术不端行为处理程序的规定》的比较研究,大学教育科学,2005(6)。
44.孙 洁 徐庆宁:从中美两国相比较的角度浅谈高校学术道德教育,当代教育论坛,2006(3)。
45.王 笛:编辑中国学术界的“《芝加哥手册》”,开放时代,2001(12)。
46.德国以法惩处学术腐败:新华网柏林 2002 年 2 月 25 日电。
47.建树学术规范 反对学术腐败——《自然辩证法通讯》“学术规范与学风建设”讨论综述,www.acriticism.com,2002.2.28。
48.美国大学校园的抄袭剽窃现象,好汉网,2004.4.24。
49.李文凯:美国高校学术诚信教育及启示.中国教育报,2003.12.20。
50.美国怎么对付学术腐败,中国青年报,2004.6.3。
51.瑞典道德与法律双管齐下治理学术腐败,新华网,2002.2.27。
52.周大亚整理:外国反学术腐败的主要做法,人民日报,2002.12.24。
53.王 笛:学术规范与学术批评——谈中国问题与西方经验,开放时代,
2001(12)。
54.英国监督学术腐败主要靠自律,新华网,2002.2.27。
55.中国正在形成防止科学造假的规则,经济学家,2006.5.18。
56.袁良骏:抵制“官尘暴”对学术的侵害,自然辩证法通讯,2000(3)。
57.谢 泳:学术规范是如何失去的?,自然辩证法通讯,2000(3)。
58.舒远招:学术失范之根源?,自然辩证法通讯,2000(4)。
59.赵万里:学术规范建设与学者的道德自律,自然辩证法通讯,2000(4)。
60.魏屹东:学术界也需打假,自然辩证法通讯,2000(5)。
61.魏 江:浅谈学术规范:软性约束和硬性约束并举,自然辩证法通讯,2000(5)。
62.张万红:重视研究生学风和学术道德教育,江苏高教,2000(3)。
63.张晓明:加强研究生学术道德研究,思想教育研究,1999(3)。
64.王海燕:讲究科学道德,抵制和纠正学术研究中的不正之风,中华眼底病杂志,1998(2)。
65.刘丽娟:对加强高校教师学术道德建设的思考,中国高教研究,2002(12)。
66.张高明,周建辉,黄桂芳:论基础研究的学术道德建设与终身教授制,湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2001(3)。
67.胡慧河:高校学子学术腐败探究,自然辩证法通讯,2001(3)。
68.袁济喜:学术腐败与道德危机,学术界,2000(4)。
69.徐永康:论高校亟应高扬学术道德,华东政法学院学报,2001 年增刊。
70.邓演平,雷 鸣,蓝甲云:我国学术道德建设原则初探,湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2001(12)。
71.姚利民:当代中国学者应有的学术道德初探,科技导报,2001(12)。
72.规范学术行为端正学术风气——专家笔谈加强学术道德建设,中国高教研究, 2002(4)。
73.葛晨虹:学术道德建设必须加强,高校理论战线,2002(4)。
74.吴来苏:颁布《纲要》重在实施 公民道德重在建设——《公民道德建设实施纲要》学术研讨会综述,道德与文明,2002(1)。
75.“加强学风和学术道德建设”座谈会述要,高校理论战线,2002(4)。
76.江新华:大学德育应重视大学生学术道德素质的培养,教育探索,2002(6)。
77.对高校加强学术道德建设的认识与建议,中国高等教育,2002(20)。
78.江新华 上官林武:论大学学术道德教育,集美大学学报,2002(12)。
79.杨玉圣:学术腐败、学术规范与学术伦理——关于高校学术道德建设的若干问题,社会科学论坛,2002(6)。
80.江新华:研究生学术道德失范:表现、根源与对策,科学学与科学技术管理,2003(1)。
81.刘红梅:加强学术道德建设刍议,中共杭州市委党校学报,2005(3)。
82.刘长清:社会学习理论的道德教育观评析,齐鲁学刊,2000 年(2)。
83.张典兵 朱惠玲:社会学习理论的德育价值探析,石油教育,2007(1)。
84.沈莉萍:试论班杜拉社会学习理论的道德发展观,教育探索,2001 年(1)。
85.邢伟荣:班杜拉社会学习理论德育价值新探,文教资料,2007 年 7 月号下旬刊。
86.王 艳:社会学习理论对当前品德教育工作的启示,山东省青年管理干部学院学报,2001(5)。
87.董大敏:班杜拉社会学习理论的当代社会德育意义,理论界,2007(4)。
88.校德育工作的启示,邵阳高等专科学校学报,2001(3)。
89.刘永弘: 道德认知发展理论对我国学校道德教育的启示, 合肥学院学报(社会科学版),2007(4)。
90.孙祥生:道德发展阶段理论与价值澄清理论之比较——对我国新时期道德教育的启示,浙江万里学院学报,2002(9)。
91.罗卫东:跨学科社会理论研究概论, http://www.pinggu.org/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=42&ID=173256。
92.王 艳:美国学术团体促进科研诚信规范,科学对社会的影响,2006(2)。
93.曹南燕 吴寿乾:研究诚信的体制化——美国研究诚信办公室及其启示,自然辩证法研究,2006(10)。
94.胡 杨:建树学术规范 反对学术腐败——〈自然辩证法通讯〉“学术规范与学风建设”讨论综述,学术批评网,2002.2.28。
95.让圣殿坚守纯洁——学术腐败问题答问录,中国教育报,2001.8.9。
96.张 静:“科技界真理斗士“邹承鲁:科学界有七种不道德行为,21 世纪经济报道,2003 年 6 月 27 日。
97.李铁映:关于学风问题的思考,中国社会科学院院报,2001.8.21。
98.张国春:加强学风建设 促进学术繁荣——近期学术界关于学风问题讨论综述,学术批评网,2002.8.18。
99.鞠德峰:关于当前“学术腐败”问题的道德思考,石油大学学报(社会科学版),2002(5)。
100.孙自法:科协呼吁改称“学术腐败”为学术不端或不良行为, http://www.cutech.edu.cn/luntan/article/000024.asp。
101.傅 萍:关于学术腐败的界定问题,学术规范与学风建设论坛,教育部科学委员会秘书处 组编,高等教育出版社,2005 年版。
102.周祥森 章培恒 俞吾金 曹树基:畅谈学术规范与学风建设,中华读书报,2004.11.26。
103.汪青松:论当前治理高校学术道德失范的路径依赖,郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),2007(6)。
104.彭 云:高校学术道德缺失的成因及对策.中华医学科研管理杂志,2007(5)。
105.陈 勇:大学生学术诚信面临的问题及其对策,中国林业教育,2006/05。
106.高进军:高校学术不端行为的防治——管理层、导师、研究生三方职责探析,学位与研究生教育,2007/S1。
107.孙立群:高等学校学生学术不诚实成因分析及其对策研究,黑龙江高教研究,2003(1)。
108.刘培蕾:约翰·霍普金斯大学本科生学术道德委员会制度及启示,世界教育信息,2006(11)。
109.蒯 强:法国倡导科研诚信和反对学术不端行为的举措,复旦教育论坛,2007(5)。
110.驻纽约总领事馆教育组:美国高校的学术自由与学术诚信,中国高等教育,2003(18)。
111.陈 涛:研究型大学工科研究生学术道德及学风建设的调查分析,中国电力教育,2007(11)。
112.叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,科学学研究,2006(2)。
113.美国大学的学生荣誉誓言, http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xxsb/1223054.htm。
114.沈卫利译:美国大学抓住网络剽窃者, http://www.yesky.com/422/174422_1.shtml。
115.顾海良:学术规范与学术道德:他律与自律,社会科学论坛,2005(1)
116.朱 燕:麻省理工学院对学术不端行为的处理程序及评析,世界教育信息,2008(3)。
117.朱 燕:美国学生学术不端问题研究评介——基于 PQDD 博硕士论文数据库美国博士学位论文的分析,国外理论动态,2008(4)。
118.Ann Lathrop & Kathleen Foss. (2000), Student Cheating and Plagiarism in the Internet Era. Libraries Unlimited, Inc. Englewood, Colorado.
119.Astin, A. W. (1984). Achieving Academic Excellence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
120.Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel. (2001), Academic Dishonest An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.
121.Bowers, W. J. (1964), Student dishonesty and its control in college. New York: Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University.
122.Braxton JM, Ed. (1999), Perspectives on Scholarly Misconduct in the Sciences. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
123.Carter, S. L. (1996), Integrity. New York: Harper Collins.
124.Gehring D.& Pavela, G. (1994), Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd ed.). Washington, DC; National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.
125.Harrison MI. (1994), Diagnosing Organizations: Methods, Models, and Processes, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
126.Hixson J. (1976), The Patchwork Mouse. Garden City, NJ: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
127.Kevles DJ. (1998). The Baltimore Affair. A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character. New York: WW Norton & Co.
128.Kibler, W.C., Nuss, E.M., Paterson, B.G., & Pavela, G. (1988), Academic integrity and student development: Legal issues, policy perspectives. Asheville, NC, USA: College Administrators Publications.
129.Lock S, Wells F. (1996), Fraud and Misconduct in Medical Research (2nd Ed).London: BMJ Publishing Group.
130.Melendez, B. (1985), Honor Code Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Sarasohn J. (1993), Science on Trial: The Whistle Blower, the Accused,and the Nobel Laureate. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
131.Schein, E. H. (1985), Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
132.Wilfied Decoo. (2001), Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct. The MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England.
133.Aiken, L.R. (1991). Detecting, understanding, and controlling for cheating on test. Research in Higher Education, 32, 725-736.
134.Angell M, Relman AS. (1998). A time for congressional restraint. N Engle J Med 318:1462–1463.
135.Alschuler, A. S., & Blimling, G. S. (1995). Curbing epidemic cheating through systemic change. College Teaching, 43, 123–125.
136.Augustus E. Jordan. (2001). College Student Cheating: The Role of Motivation, Perceived Norms, Attitutes, and Knowledge of Institutional Policy. Ethics& Behavior,11(3),233-247.
137.Blankenship, K.L., &Whitley, B.E., Jr. (2000). Relation of general deviance to academic dishonesty. Ethics&Behavior, 10, 1-12.
138.Brown, B.S. (1995). The academic ethics of graduate business students: A survey. Journal of Education for Business, 70, 151-156.
139.Buzzelli DE.(1993) The definition of misconduct in science: A view from NSF. Science. 259:584–585, 647–648.
140.Cheating 101: Detecting Plagiarized Papers. http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html
141.Christopher A. Simon, Jim R. Carr, Sesi M. McCullough, Sally J. Morgan, Ted Oleson& Maggie Ressel. (2004). Gender, student perceptions, institutional commitments and academic dishonesty: who reports in academic dishonesty cases? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(1).77-84.
142.Davis, S.F., Grover, C.A., Becker, A.H. & McGregor, L.N. (1992). Academic dishonesty: prevalence, determinants, techniques, and punishments. Teaching of Psychology. 19(1), 16-20.
143.Davis, S.F.,& Ludvigson, H.W.. (1995). Additional data on academic dishonesty and a proposal for remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22, 119-121.
144.Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices, http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9
145.Diekhoff, G. M., LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Williams, L.E., Francis, B., & Haines, V.J. (1996). Cillege cheating: Ten years later. Research in Higher Education, 37, 487-502.
146.Eison, J. A., Pollio, H. R., & Milton, O. (1986). Educational and personal characteristics of four different types of learning- and grade-oriented students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11, 54–67.
147.Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa-Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106.
148.Fass, R. A. (1990). Cheating and plagiarism. In W. M. May (Ed.), Ethics and Higher Education. 172.
149.Faulkender, P. J. Range, L. M., Hamilton, M., Strehlow, M., Jackson, S., Blanchard, E., & Dean, P. (1994). The case of the stolen psychology test: An analysis of an actual cheating incident. Ethics& Behavior, 4, 209-217.
150.Five rules to follow if you're certain you've caught someone cheating, http://www.plagiarized.com/caughtrules.html
151.Franklyn-Stokes, A., & Newstead, S. E.(1995). Undergraduate cheating: Who does what and why? Studies in Higher Education, 20(2), 39-52.
152.Garfield E, Welljams-Dorof A. (1991). The impact of fraudulent research on the scientific literature: The Stephen E. Breuning case. In: Peer Review in Scientific Publishing: Papers from the First International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication, Chicago, IL, 10–12 May 1989. Chicago: Council of Biology Editors, 53.
153.Greenberg, J. (1990). Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden costs of pay cuts. Journal of Applied Pyschology, 75, 561-568.
154.Greenberg, J. (1993). Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of theft reactions to underpayment inequity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 54, 81-103.
155.Harold C. Sox, MD,& Drummond Rennie, MD. (2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine. 609-613.
156.Hendershott, A., Drinan, P.F.&Cross, M. (1999). Gender and academic integrity. Journal of College Student Dvelopment , 40(4), 345-354.
157.Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42.
158.Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004.
159.Hollinger, R.C. &Lanza-Kaduce, L. (1996). Academic dishonesty and the perceived effectiveness of countermeasures: An empirical survey of cheating at a major public university. NASPA Journal, 33, 292-306.
160.Ikupa, J.C. B. (1997). Causes and cure of examination malpractices. The Business Administrator, 7(1), 38-39.
161.Jamie McKenzie. The New Plagiarism: Seven Antidotes to Prevent Highway Robbery in an Electronic Age. http://fno.org/may98/cov98may.html.
162 . Jendrek, M.P.(1989).Faculty reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 401-406.
163.Jendrek, M.P. (1992). Students reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Dvelopment, 33, 260-273.
164.Judith Ruderman, Faculty Play a Crucial Academic Integrity Role, Academic Leader, http://ebooks-library.blogspot.com/
165.Keith-Spiegel, P., Tabachnick, B.G., &Gray-Shellberg, L.(1997). Student awareness of academic honesty code content. http://ebooks-library.blogspot.com/
166.Keith-Spiegel,P., Tabachnick, B.G., Whitely,B.E., Jr., & Washburn, J.(1998). Why do professors ignore cheating? Opinions of a national sample of psychology instructors. Ethics & Behavior, 8, 215-227.
167.Kerkvliet, J. & Sigmund, C. L. (1999). Can we control cheating in the classroom? Journal of Economic Education, 30, 331–343.
168.Kibler, W. L. (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective. NASPA Journal, 31, 8–18.
169.LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Haines, V.J., & Diekhoff, G.M. (1990). Situational ethics and college student cheating. SociologicalInquiry, 60, 190-198.
170 . LaGrange, M. V. (1992). Student, faculty and administrator perceptions of academic dishonesty. Unpublished master’s thesis, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
171.Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.C., & Barton, S.M. (2003). Collegiate academic dishonesty revisited: What have they done, how often have they done it, who does it, and why did they do it. Electronic Journals of Sociology.
172.Zurer PS. (1998). Researcher criminally charged with fraud. Chem Eng News 66:5.
173 . Leslee Throckmorton-Belzer, Patricia Keith-Spiegel & Jennifer Wrangham, (2001). Student Response to a Collective Penalty for Reported Cheating: A Case Study, Ethics& Behavior, 343-348.
174.Marcel. C. Lafollette. (2000). COMMENTS: The Evolution of the “Scientific Misconduct” Issue: An Historical Overview, Scientific Misconduct Historical Overview, 211-215.
175.McBride G. (1974). The Sloan-Kettering affair: Could it have happened anywhere? JAMA 229:1391–1410.
176.McCabe,D.L. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry, 62(3), 365-374.
177.McCabe, D.L. (1993). Faculty responses to academic dishonesty: The influence of student honor codes. Research in higher education, 34, 647-658.
178.McCabe, D. L. & Trevino, L. K. (1993). Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 522-538.
179.McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1996). What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383.
180.McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L.K. (1997). Individual and contextual influences on Academic dishonesty: A multicampus investigation, Research in higher education, vol. 38, No.3. 379-396.
181.McCabe D.L. Trevino, L.K. & Butterfield, K.D. (1999). Academic integrity in honor code and non-honor code environments. Journal of Higher Education, 70, 211-234.
182.McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effortto stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7.
183.McCabe, D. L & Pavela, G.. (2000). Some good news about academic integrity. Change, 32-38
184.McCabe, D. L & Makowski, A. L. (2001). Resolving Allegations of Academic Dishonesty, Is There a Role for Students to Play? About Compus, 17-21.
185.McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. Ethics & Behavoir, 219–232.
186.McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2002). Honor codes and other contextual influences on academic integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 43, No. 3, 357-378.
187.McCabe, D. L. & Pavela, G. Ten Principles of Academic Integrity. http://www.collegepubs.com/ref/10PrinAcaInteg.shtml
188 . McDonald KA. (1995). Too many co-authors? Chron Higher Ed. 41:A35–A36.
189.Michaels J. W. & Miethe, T.D. (1989) Apllying theories of deviance to academic cheating. Social Science Quarterly, 70, 870-885.
190.Nicholas H. Steneck. (1984).Commentary: the University and Research Ethics, Science. Technology & Human Values, 9(4).6-15.
191.Nuss, E.M. (1984). Academic integrity: Comparing faculty and student attitudes. Improving College and University Teaching, 32, 140-144.
192.Oluyeba, N.F. & Daramola, S.O. (1992). Incidences and detection of examination malpractices in Nigerian public examinations. Paper presented on behalf of WAEC on Examination Malpractices, University of Benin, Benin city, Nigeria.
193.Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2), 106-117.
194.Pavela, G. (1978). Judicial review of academic decision- making after Horowitz. School Law Journal, 55(8), 55- 75.
195.Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
196.Pavela, G. (1997). Applying the Power of Association on Campus: AModel Code of Academic Integrity. Journal of College and University Law, V24, No. 1
197.Rebecca Dresser, (2001). Defineing Research Misconduct: Will We Know It When We See It? Hasting Center Report. 31-32.
198.Robert Harris. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers. November 17, 2004. http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
199.Rodabaugh, R.C. (1996). Institutional commitment to fairness in college teaching. In L. Fisch (Ed.), Ethical dimensions of college and university teaching (37-45).San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
200.Ronald B. Standler. Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm.
201.Roig, M. (1997). Can undergraduate students dertermine whether text has been plagiarized? Psychological Record, 44, 3-12.
202.Schmelkin, L.P., Kaufman, A.M., & Liebling, D.E. (2001). Faculty assessments of the clarity and prevalence of academic dishonesty. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
203.Sierles, F., I. Hendrickx & S. Circle. (1980). Cheating among college students estimated with the radom-response technique. College Student Journal. 321-325.
204.Sims, R. L. (1993). The relationship between academic dishonesty and unethical business practices. Journal of Education for Business, 68, 207-211.
205.Steneck NH. (1994). Research universities and scientific misconduct: History, policies, and the future. J Higher Ed 65:310–330.
206.Stephen F. Davis, Cathy A. Grover, Angela H. Becker & Loretta N. McGregor. (1992). Academic dishonesty determinants, techniques, and punishments, Teaching of Psychology, Vol. 19, No.1, 16-20.
207.Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
208.Stern, E.B., & Havlicek, L. (1986). Academic misconduct: Results of faculty and undergraduate students surveys. Journal of Allied Heakth, 15, 129-142.
209.Stevens, Edward H. (1996). Informal resolution of academic misconductcases. College Teaching, 213-221.
210.Tibbetts, S.G. & Myers, D.C. (1999). Low-selfcontrol, rational choice and student test cheating. Journal of Criminal Justice, 23, 179- 200.
211.Tittle, C.R. & Rowe, A.R. (1973). Moral appeal, sanction threat,and deviance: An experimental test. Social Forces, 20, 488-498.
212.Trevi?o, L. K. (1990). A cultural perspective on changing and developing organizational ethics. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 195–230.
213.Valentine PW. Drug therapy researcher is indicted. Wash Post 111:A1, A14, 1988.
214.Weiss, J., Gilbert, K., Davis, S.F. & Giordano. P. (1993). Academic dishonesty, Type A behavior, and classroom orientation. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 101-102.
215.Wheeler DL. (1988). Researcher is indicted for falsifying data and impeding investigation of his work. Chron Higher Ed 34:A4, A12.
216.Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in higher education, 39, 235-274.
281 http://sja.ucdavis.edu/sja/plagiarism.html
283 http://www.stanford.edu/dept/DoR/rph/2-5.html
2如 Bob Corbett 的《骗子圣经》(The Cheater's Handbook:The Naughty Student’s Bible. Harper Collins Publishers Inc.1999)。
3 《马克思恩格斯选集》第 2 卷,人民出版社 1995 年版,第 111 页。
4 Donald L. McCabe, Linda Klebe Trevin? o, and Kenneth D. Butterfield, Honor codes ands other contextual influences on academic integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings, Research in Higher Education, Vol. 43, No. 3, June 2002,pp357-378.
5 2007 年前在杜克大学,现迁至 Clemson 大学,其成员学校已经接近 300 所。
6 Whitly B.E., Jr., &Kost, C.R. ( 1999). College students’ perceptions of peers who cheat. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 1732-1759.; McCabe, D. L & Pavela, G., ( 2000).Some good news about academic integrity. Change, 32-38; Donald L. McCabe, Linda Klebe Trevi?o & Kenneth D. Butterfield.(2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232.
7 Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa- Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106; Nicholas H. Steneck. (1984).Commentary: the University and Research Ethics, Science. Technology & Human Values, 9(4).6-15; Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004; Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
8 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
9 McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232; McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1996). What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383; McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7; Christopher A. Simon, Jim R. Carr, Sesi M. McCullough, Sally J. Morgan, Ted Oleson& Maggie Ressel. (2004). Gender, student perceptions, institutional commitments and academic dishonesty: who reports in academic dishonesty cases? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education,29(1).77-84; Judith Ruderman, Faculty Play a Crucial Academic Integrity Role, ACADEMIC LEADER, http://ebooks-library.blogspot.com/; Timothy M. Dodd, Honor Code 101: an Introduction to the Elements of Traditional Honor Codes, Modified Honor Codes and Academic Integrity Policies. http://www.academicintegrity.org/educational_resources/honor_code_101.php.
10 McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7; McCabe, D. L & Makowski, A. L. (2001). Resolving Allegations of Academic Dishonesty, Is There a Role for Students to Play? About Compus, 17-21; Christopher A. Simon, Jim R. Carr, Sesi M. McCullough, Sally J. Morgan, Ted Oleson& Maggie Ressel. (2004). Gender, student perceptions, institutional commitments and academic dishonesty: who reports in academic dishonesty cases? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education,29(1).77-84.
11 Stephen F. Davis, Cathy A. Grover, Angela H. Becher, Loretta N. McGregor. (1992). Academic Dishonesty: Prevalence, Determinants, Techniques, and Punishments, Teaching of Psychology. Vol.19,No. 1.16-20; Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42; Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
12 Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42.
13 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
14 Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004; Robert Harris. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers. http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.November 17, 2004; Cheating 101: Detecting Plagiarized Papers. http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html; Plagiarism and Anti-Plagiarism.http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~ehrlich/plagiarism598.html; Jamie McKenzie. The New Plagiarism: Seven Antidotes to Prevent Highway Robbery in an Electronic Age. http://fno.org/may98/cov98may.html.
15 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121; Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42; Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004.
16 Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
17 McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7.
18 Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa- Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106; McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232; Augustus E. Jordan. (2001). College Student Cheating: The Role of Motivation, Perceived Norms, Attitutes, and Knowledge of Institutional Policy. Ethics& Behavior,11(3),233-247.
19江新华:《学术何以失范——大学学术道德失范的制度分析》,社会科学文献出版社 2005 年版。
20 王恩华:《学术越轨批判》,湖南师范大学出版社 2005 年版。
21 东方善霸编著:《丑陋的学术人》,陕西师范大学出版社 1999 年版。
22 杨守建:《中国学术腐败批判》,天津人民出版社 2001 年版。
23 方舟子:《溃疡——直面中国学术腐败》,海南出版社 2001 年版。
24 杨圣玉:《学术规范与学术批评》,河南大学出版社 2005 年版。
25 杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范读本》,河南大学出版社 2004 年版。
26 杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范导论》,高等教育出版社 2004 年版。
27 教育部科学委员会秘书处 组编,《学术规范与学风建设论坛》,高等教育出版社 2005 年版。
28 学术批评网编:《为了学术共同体的尊严 学术批评网创办五周年纪念文集》,北京奥科德文化传播中心2006 年版。
29 唐纳德·肯尼迪 著,阎凤桥等 译:《学术责任》,新华出版社 2002 年版。
30 威廉?布罗德 尼古拉斯?韦德 著,朱进宁 方玉珍 译:《背叛真理的人们,科学殿堂中的弄虚作假》,上海科技教育出版社 2004 年版。介绍了科学史上一些重大的伪造数据、杜撰实验结果和剽窃他人研究成果的案例。如托勒密无中生有地声称进行过天文学测量,孟德尔发表的统计结果因过于漂亮而 失去真实性等等。作者通过这些案例,令人信服地分析了产生这类作弊行为和使作弊取得成功的社会原因和心理因素,指出了当前科学研究结构中存在不少问题(如过分相信科学界能够自我检验,过分依赖名流集团,存在不合理的师徒关系,刊物过多等等),说明现实的科学研究与通常观念所描绘的并没有多少共同之处。
31 Nicholas H. Steneck 著,曹南燕 等译:《科研伦理入门:ORI 介绍负责人研究行为》,清华大学出版社2005 年版。
32 美国医学科学院,美国科学三院国家科研委员会撰 苗德岁译:《科研道德 倡导负责行为》,北京大学出版社 2007 年版。
33 (日)山崎茂明著 杨舰 程远远 严凌纳译《:科学家的不端行为 捏造·篡改·剽窃》,清华大学出版社2005年版。本书围绕着研究成果的发表这一中心问题,考察了国际上科学活动中出现的种种不端行为。对于“科学界何以发生不端行为”,“那些不端行为的预防方法存在与否”等问题,从理论和实践两方面进行了探讨。
34 汪青松:《论当前治理高校学术道德失范的路径依赖》,《郑州航空工业管理学院学报》 (社会科学版),2007/06。
35 彭云:高校学术道德缺失的成因及对策,《中华医学科研管理杂志》,2007/05。
36 陈勇:大学生学术诚信面临的问题及其对策,《中国林业教育》,2006/05。
37 高进军:高校学术不端行为的防治——管理层、导师、研究生三方职责探析,《学位与研究生教育》, 2007/S1。
38 孙立群:高等学校学生学术不诚实成因分析及其对策研究,《黑龙江高教研究》,2003/01。
39 刘培蕾:约翰·霍普金斯大学本科生学术道德委员会制度及启示》,世界教育信息,2006/11。
40 蒯强:法国倡导科研诚信和反对学术不端行为的举措,《复旦教育论坛》,2007/05。
41 驻纽约总领事馆教育组:《美国高校的学术自由与学术诚信》,《中国高等教育》,2003/18。
42 陈涛:研究型大学工科研究生学术道德及学风建设的调查分析,《中国电力教育》,2007/11。
43 叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,《科学学研究》,2006/02。
44 杜晶波:大学生学术诚信现状调查分析与思考,《辽宁行政学院学报》,2007/01。
45 《列宁选集》第 4 卷,人民出版社 1995 年版,第 26 页。
46 Public Health Service, “Responsibilities of Awardee and Applicant Institutions for Dealing With and Reporting Possible Misconduct in Scinece: Final Rule,” Federal Register 54 (1989): 32.449.
47 Rebecca Dresser(2001), “Defining Research Misconduct: Will Wwe Know It When We See It ?”, Hasting Center Report, 31-32.
48 Office of Science Technology and Policy, “Federal Policy on Research Misconduct,” Federal Register65(2000):76, 262.
49 Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa- Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106.
50 Ikupa, J.C. B. (1997). Causes and cure of examination malpractices. The Business Administrator, 7(1), 38-39.
51 Oluyeba, N.F. & Daramola, S.O (1992). Incidences and detection of examination malpractices in Nigerian public examinations. Paper presented on behalf of WAEC on Examination Malpractices, University of Benin, Benin city, Nigeria.
52 Kibler, W.C., Nuss, E.M., Paterson, B.G., &Pavela, G. (1988). Academic integrity and student development: Legal issues, policy perspectives. Asheville, NC, USA: College Administrators Publications.
53 Pavela 将学术不诚实界定为:舞弊(Cheating):在学术训练中有意使用或试图使用未经认可的材料、信息或研究帮助。伪造(Fabrication):在任何学术训练中有意或未经许可伪造或虚构任何信息资料和引用语。协助学术不诚实(Facilitating academic dishonesty):有意或故意帮助或试图帮助他人破坏学校学术诚信准则的规定。剽窃(Plagiarism):故意采用或复制他人的观点、措辞、或陈述,未经确认据为己有。参考自 Pavela, G. (1978). Judicial review of academic decision- making after Horowitz. School Law Journal, 55(8), pp.55- 75. 此后 Gehring 与 Pavela 进一步界定学术不诚实是一种“故意的欺骗行为,学生在未经授权的情况下试图将他人的工作或努力成果的荣誉据为己有,或者在任何学术训练中使用未经授权的材料或伪造信息……或者伪造学术文件,故意损坏或破坏他人的学术成果,或帮助其他学生进行不诚实行为”。 参考自 Gehring D., and Pavela, G. (1994), Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd ed.). Washington, DC; National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.5-6.
54 Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.C., & Barton, S.M. (2003). Collegiate academic dishonesty revisited: What have they done, how often have they done it, who does it, and why did they do it. Electronic Journals of Sociology.
55 Fass, R. A. (1990). Cheating and plagiarism. In W. M. May (Ed.), Ethics and higher education. 172.
56 McCabe,D.L. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry,62(3),365-374.
57 Davis, S.F., Grover, C.A., Becker, A.H. & McGregor, L.N. (1992). Academic dishonesty: prevalence, determinants, techniques, and punishments. Teaching of Psychology, 19(1),16-20.
58 Hendershott, A., Drinan, P.F. &Cross, M. (1999).Gender and academic integrity. Journal of College Student Dvelopment, 40(4), 345-354.
59 Jendrek, M.P. (1992).Students reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Dvelopment, 33,260-273.
60 Stern, E.B., & Havlicek, L. (1986). Academic misconduct: Results of faculty and undergraduate students surveys. Journal of Allied Heakth, 15, 129-142.
61 参考改编自 Jendrek, 1992, University of Manitoba Student Advocacy brochure: Fairness Advocacy; Mount Saint Vincent University Academic Calender2002-2003.
62 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel, Academic Dishonesty An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.4-16.
63 Stephen F. Davis, Cathy A. Grover, Angela H. Becker & Loretta N. McGregor, academic dishonesty determinants, techniques, and punishments, Teaching of Psychology , Vol. 19, No.1, February 1992.16-20.
64 McCabe, D. L.( 1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological inquiry, 365-374.
65 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel, Academic Dishonesty An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.7-9.
66 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel, Academic Dishonesty An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.4.
67 Brown, B.S. (1995). The academic ethics of graduate business students: A survey. Journal of Education for Business, 70,151-156; Sierles, F., I. Hendrickx & S. Circle. (1980). Cheating among college students estimated with the radom-response technique. College Student Journal. 321-325; Sims, R. L. (1993). The relationship between academic dishonesty and unethical business practices. Journal of Education for Business, 68, 207-211.
68 另有 5 起案件的审理结果未见公布。
69 鉴于美国联邦隐私权保护条例,学校不会公布学生的种族和名单。但据知情人士透露,有 13 名中国学生将受到严厉处分:八名开除,五名停学。另外还有将近十名被警告加重修这门功课。二十二个中国学生被调查,八个开除,五个停学,六个被罚重修,一个无罪,两个未详。2007 年 5 月 4 日,新语丝网友 Eric以《杜克大学富科商学院重大学生舞弊案件》,万维读者网教育与学术网友福克以《美国名牌商学院大规模开除舞弊的中国学生》为标题,转发了内容完全一样的报道。
70Jendrek, M.P.(1989).Faculty reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 401-406; Michaels J. W., & Miethe, T.D.(1989) Apllying theories of deviance to academic cheating. Social Science Quarterly, 70,870-885.; Tittle, C.R. & Rowe, A.R. (1973). Moral appeal, sanction threat, and deviance: An experimental test. Social Forces, 20, 488-498.
71McCabe, D. L. &Trevino, L.K.(1997) Individual and contextual influences on Academic dishonesty: A multicampus investigation, Research in higher education, vol. 38,No.3. 379-396.
72数据来源:Aiken, L.R. (1991). Detecting, understanding, and controlling for cheating on test. Research in higher education, 32,725-736.; Brown, B.S. (1995). The academic ethics of graduate business students: A survey. Journal of Education for Business, 70,151-156; Davis, S.F., Grover, C.A., Becker, A.H. & McGregor, L.N. (1992). Academic dishonesty: prevalence, determinants, techniques, and punishments. Teaching of Psychology. 19(1), 16-20.; Davis, S.F. & Ludvigson, H.W.. (1995). Additional data on academic dishonesty and a proposal for remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22,119-121.; Diekhoff, G. M., LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Williams, L.E., Francis, B. & Haines, V.J. (1996). Cillege cheating: Ten years later. Research in higher education, 37, 487-502.; Faulkender, P. J. Range, L. M., Hamilton, M., Strehlow, M., Jackson, S., Blanchard, E. &Dean, P. (1994). The case of the stolen psychology test: An analysis of an actual cheating incident. Ethics& Behavior, 4, 209-217.; Franklyn-Stokes, A.& Newstead, S. E.(1995). Undergraduate cheating: Who does what and why? Studies in Higher Education, 20(2), 39-52.; McCabe, D.L. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry,62(3),365-374; McCabe D.L. Trevino, L.K.,&Butterfield, K.D. (1999). Academic integrity in honor code and non-honor code environments. Journal of Higher Education, 70,211-234.; Nuss, E.M. (1984). Academic integrity: Comparing faculty and student attitudes. Improving College and University Teaching,32,140-144.; Sutton, E.M.& Huba, M.E. (1995). Undergraduate student perceptions of academic dishonesty as a function of ethnicity and religious participation. NASPA Journal, 33, 19-34.
73 Weiss, J., Gilbert, K., Davis, S.F. & Giordano. P.(1993)Academic dishonesty, Type A behavior, and classroom orientation. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 101-102.
74Astin, A. W. (1984) Achieving Academic Excellence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985.
75LaGrange, M. V. (1992). Student, faculty and administrator perceptions of academic dishonesty. Unpublished master’s thesis, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
76 作为多点研究的一个范例,McCabe, Trevino 和 Butterfield(1999)采用定性研究方法,研究有无荣誉准则学校学生的行为以及学术诚信的方式是否存在差异。McCabe 等人从 31 所学校获取样本,研究发现,在两种类型的学校中,学生将取得成功的压力(例如来自家庭、雇主以及研究生院)与舞弊行为相联系。研究报告的本科生层次舞弊比率从中等到高等,有证据显示,至少有一部分学生的舞弊行为是为了获得研究生院的入学资格。
77 McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 219–232.
78 Cizek, G.J. (1999). Cheating on tests: How to di it, detect it, prevent it. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
79 McCabe, D.L. (1993). Faculty responses to academic dishonesty: The influence of student honor codes. Research in higher education, 34, 647-658.
80 Jendrek, M.P.(1989).Faculty reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 401-406.
81 Schmelkin, L.P., Kaufman, A.M., & Liebling, D.E.(2001) Faculty assessments of the clarity and prevalence of academic dishonesty. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
82 Keith-Spiegel,P., Tabachnick, B.G., Whitely,B.E., Jr., & Washburn, J.(1998). Why do professors ignore cheating? Opinions of a national sample of psychology instructors. Ethics & Behavior, 8, 215-227.
83 Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in higher education, 39, 235-274.
84 McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L.K.(1997) Individual and contextual influences on Academic dishonesty: A multicampus investigation, Research in higher education, vol. 38, No.3. 379-396.
85 Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in higher education, 39, 235-274.
86 LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Haines, V.J., & Diekhoff, G.M. (1990). Situational ethics and college student cheating. Sociological Inquiry, 60,190-198.
87 Harold C. Sox, MD, and Drummond Rennie,MD.(2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine. 609-613.
88 Alschuler, A. S., & Blimling, G. S. (1995). Curbing epidemic cheating through systemic change. College Teaching, 43, 123–125; Gehring, D. & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC: National Association of Student Personnel Administrators; Kibler, W. L. (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective. NASPA Journal, 31,pp 8–18; Pavela, G., & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
89 Whitley, B.E. (1998).Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in Higher Education, 39,235-274.
90 Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2),
106-117; Trevi?o, L. K. (1990). A cultural perspective on changing and developing organizationalethics. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 195–230.
91 Gehring, D. & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC: National Association of Student Personnel Administrators. 29.
92 Eison, J. A., Pollio, H. R. & Milton, O. (1986). Educational and personal characteristics of four different types of learning- and grade-oriented students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11, 54–67.
93 Carter, S. L. (1996). Integrity. New York: Harper Collins.
94 Pavela, G., & McCabe. D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
95 McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., (1996). What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383.
96 Melendez, B. (1985). Honor Code Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
97 McCabe, D. L. Trevino, L. K., (1993). Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 522-538.
98 McCabe, D. L. & Pavela, G. Ten Principles of Academic Integrity. http://www.collegepubs.com/ref/10PrinAcaInteg.shtml
99 McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2002). Honor codes and other contextual influences on academic integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 43, No. 3, 357-378.
100在另外 9 所传统荣誉准则学校内,这一比率为 23%。
101 McCabe, Donald L., Trevino, Linda Klebe, What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383, Jan/Feb96.
102杜克大学荣誉委员会的网站由荣誉委员会主席 Dave Chowski 设计。这一网站提供关于如何正确引用的非常好的资源。
103 Cummings, T. G. & Huse, E. F. (1989). Organization development and change (4th Ed.). St. Paul, MN: West.
104 Bernard E. Whitley, Jr., and Patricia Keith-Spiegel,Academic Integrity as an InstitutionalIssue ETHICS & BEHAVIOR, 11(3), 325–342.
105 http://www.cwru.edu/provost/ugstudies/handbook2003.pdf
106 http://www.cwru.edu/provost/ugstudies/handbook2003.pdf
107 Bok, D. (1990). Universities and the future of America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
108 Carter, S. L. (1996). Integrity. New York: Harper Collins.
109 斯坦佛大学《科学不端行为:指控、调查及报告政策》。
110 Gary Pavela, (1997). Applying the Power of Association on Campus: A Model Code of Academic Integrity, Journal of College and University Law,V24, No. 1.
111 Risacher, J. & Slonaker, W. (1996). Academic misconduct: NASPA institutional members’ views and a pragmatic model policy. NASPA Journal, 33. 121.
112 Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 30.
113 Gehring, D., & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.). Washington, DC: National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.
114 Kibler, W. L., Nuss, E. M., Peterson, B. G. & Pavela, G. (1988). Academic integrity and student development: Legal issues and policy perspectives. Asheville, NC: College Administration Publications.
115 Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21(4), 29.
116 Alschuler, A. S. & Blimling, G. S. (1995). Curbing epidemic cheating through systemic change. College Teaching, 43, 124–125.
117 Pavela, G. (1997). Applying the power of association on campus: A model code of academic integrity. Journal of College and University Law, 24, 107.
118 http://www.academicintegrity.org/educational_resources/featured_schools/caseWesternResUni.php
119 http://www.bsu.edu/mitt.
120 United States Naval Academy Honor Remediation Program. Annapolis, MD: Author. Retrieved July 7, 1997. 引自 http://www.nadn.navy.mil/CharacterDevelopment/hon_remed.html.
121常建勇:美国大学生诚信管理体系运行机制及对我国的启示,《中国青年研究》,2008 年第 3 期。
122 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
123 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
124 Trevi?o, L. K. (1990). A cultural perspective on changing and developing organizational ethics. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 207.
125 http://www.sa.sc.edu/creed/CWrecognition.htm.
126 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
127 Kerkvliet, J., & Sigmund, C. L. (1999). Can we control cheating in the classroom? Journal of Economic Education, 30, 331–343.
128 http://www.academicintegrity.org.
129 Kibler, W.L., (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective.NASPA Journal,31,8-18.
130 Gehring, D. & Pavela, G. (1994). Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd Ed.).Washington DC:National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.31.
131 Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in Higher Education, 39, 235-274.
132《密西西比在燃烧》是一部拍摄于 1988 年讲述美国 60 年代黑人人权问题的影片,根据真实的历史事件改编。
133这种假设是否合理目前还没有定论。在 McCabe 对高中生的调查发现,90%的使用互联网进行剽窃的学生也会剽窃书面资料。换句话说,互联网只“创造”出了很少一部分新的舞弊者——大概占到全体学生的 6%。
134 Lawrence M. Hinman.the Impact of the Internet on Our Moral Lives.SUNY Press.
135 MLA 格式(Modern Language Association Style),现代语言学会体例,主要应用于人文科学领域,尤其是语言、文学和艺术领域。 MLA 格式广泛用于人文科学领域为学术期刊或论文经常采用的数据引用资料格式之一。APA 格式(American Psychological Association style),指美国心理协会 (American Psychological Association) 所出版的出版手册 (Publication Manual) 中,有关投稿该协会旗下所属二十九种期刊(目前为二十七种)时必须遵守的规定而言。该手册详细规定文稿的架构、文字、图表、数字、符号…等的格式,通称为 APA。主要用于心理学、教育学等社科领域。Chicago 格式,主要用于历史学,政治学和地理学等领域。CBE 格式(Council of Biology Editors style ),美国生物学编辑理事会格式,几乎用于所有的生物学领域。
136http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/plagiarism/detecting/index.cfm; http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm; http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html; http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
138 http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm; http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/plagiarism/detecting/index.cfm.
139 数据参考自:Plagiarism and the Web,http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfbhl/wiu/plagiarism.htm; Plagiarism stoppers: A Teacher’s Guide http://www.ncusd203.org/central/html/where/plagiarism_stopper.html.
140沈卫利译:美国大学抓住网络剽窃者,http://www.yesky.com/422/174422_1.shtml.
141 Web 网按其分布状况可以分为“表层网”(Surface Web)和“深层网”(Deep Web,也有称Invisible Web,Hidden Web)。Surface Web 指存储在 Web 空间、由超链接连接起来的静态网页、文件等资源,一般来说通过超链接就可以访问这些资源。这里所说的 Surface Web 是指传统网页搜索引擎可以索引的 Web,以超链接可以到达的静态网页为主构成的 Web。引自http://blog.csdn.net/funson/archive/2007/03/27/1543016.aspx.
142 Deep Web 指那些存储在网络数据库里、不能通过超链接访问而需要通过动态网页技术访问的资源集合。引自 http://blog.csdn.net/funson/archive/2007/03/27/1543016.aspx.
143新闻组(USENET)互联网是信息交流的重要空间,而新闻组则是互联网上一种高效的交流方式,在国外,她的使用频率仅次于电子邮件。她通过电子邮件交换信息,能够离线看信、写信,有效的节约上网费用和网络源。新闻组类似于一个公告板,所有的用户都可以发布消息,也都能看到别人发布的消息并做出回复,从而实现交流。
144http://www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/plagiarism/detecting/index.cfm; http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html; http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
145 资料来源:有关抄袭的英文专属网站, http://sex.ncu.edu.tw/members/ho/study/2006Reserch/1017_3.pdf ; Plagiarism Stoppers: A Teacher's Guide, http://www.ncusd203.org/central/html/where/plagiarism_stoppers.html.
146 Five rules to follow if you're certain you've caught someone cheating, http://www.plagiarized.com/caughtrules.html; 以及 Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices, http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9.
147 Resolving Minor Academic Integrity Violations. Academic Leader. 8.
148 Resolving Academic Dishonesty Through Facilitated Discussion. Academic Leader. P3.
149 这一数据根据学术诚信中心(www.academicintegrity.org)的研究结果。
150 Leslee Throckmorton-Belzer, Patricia Keith-Spiegel, and Jennifer Wrangham, (2001). Student Response to a Collective Penalty for Reported Cheating: A Case Study, Ethics& Behavior, 343-348.
151 Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices, http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9.
152 截至 2002 年 3 月,研究诚信办公室共由主任办公室(Office of the Director)、诚信教育部(Division of Education and Integrity)、调查监督部(Division of Investigative Oversight)和综合法律顾问部(Office of the General Counsel)四个子部门组成。
153 http://ori.dhhs.gov/misconduct/cases/.
154 Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp., 45 F.2d 119,121(2nd Cir,1930)
155 Ronald B. Standler , Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Lamberis, Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp., 81 F.2d 49, 56 (2d Cir. 1936).
156 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Lamberis, Sheldon v. Metro-Goldwyn Pictures Corp.,15 USC § 1125.
157 Restatement of the Law (Third) Unfair Competition §§ 2, 3(b), 5 (1995).
158California Education Code §§ 66400 – 66405、Colorado § 23-4-101 – 106、Connecticut § 53-392a – e、Florida § 877.17、Illinois ch. 110, § 5/0.01 – 5/1、Maine 17-A § 705、Massachusetts ch. 271, § 50、Nevada 207.320、New Jersey 18A:2-3、New York Education Law § 213-b、North Carolina § 14-118.2、Pennsylvania title 18, § 7324、 Virginia § 18.2-505、Washington 28B.10.580 – 584。参考自 1999 年 1 月 22 日,WESTLAW 数据库。
159 misdemeanor,比重罪要轻的违法行为,不正当的行为。
160 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Lamberis, 443 N.E.2d 549, 550 (Ill. 1982).
161 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. In re Nowak (1976), 62 Ill.2d 279, 283, 342 N.E.2d 25.
162Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. State v. Saksniit, 332 N.Y.S.2d 343 (1972).
163Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. State v. Saksniit, 332 N.Y.S.2d 343, 345 (1972).
164Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 345.
165Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 345-346.
166Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. N.Y. Education Law, §224(2).
167Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. N.Y. Education Law, §224(3).
168 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. State v. Saksniit, 332 N.Y.S.2d 343, 346 (1972).
169 Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 348.
170“超越权限”是公司(企业)超出向纽约州提出的组成公司申请的权力的一种行为。Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 350.
171Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 349-350.
172Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. at 349.
173 2007 年学术诚信中心迁入 Clemson 大学。
174 其中包括《平等职业机会政策声明》、《关于什么是科学的声明》、《职业行为指南》、《关于处理研究不当行为政策的声明》以及《促进职业道德、标准和行为教育的声明》。
175美国物理学会《职业行为指南》内容涉及:(1)研究结果:研究结果应当以可提供分析和评议的方式进行记录, 伪造数据或者选择性地报道数据是科学不当行为;(2)发表和作者:作者必须是那些在研究过程中做出了重要贡献的人员,抄袭是不道德的科学行为,是不能被接受的;(3)同行评议:应当提供全面、公正、客观的评议,注意保密,并注意利益规避;(4)利益冲突:必须完全公开可能导致利益冲突的关系和行为。与 2002 年指南配套,还公布了《关于作者和合作者义务的补充指南》(2002 年 11 月)、《关于研究结果的补充指南》(2002 年 11 月)、《关于发表无参考文献的补充指南》(2004 年 4 月)。
176 《学术职业指南》第一版于 1991 年采用,1994 年进行了修订,最新版本在 2001 年采用。
177 涉及化学科学和工程的本科生、研究生、博士后、主力研究人员、技术人员、全职或兼职教职员工和研究人员都在美国化学学会界定的“化学家”范围内。
182研究报告发现大部分的学术团体对科学道德问题仍然不够重视,建议采取更加系统的行动来加以促进。报告特别指出“开展研究的指南应该适合当地的情况,包括特定的研究领域和计划,而且应该由参与研究的科学家来制定这些指南,因为他们了解与工作有关的特别事项”。参考自:王艳,美国学术团体促进科研诚信规范,《科学对社会的影响》,2006 年第 2 期。
183王艳:美国学术团体促进科研诚信规范,《科学对社会的影响》,2006 年第 2 期。
184 Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2), 106-117.
185 Bowers, W. J. (1964). Student dishonesty and its control in college. New York: Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University.
186 McCabe, D. L., &Trevino, L. K., (1996). What we know about cheating in college ,Change, 00091383.
187 Kibler, W. L. (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective. NASPA Journal, 31, 12.
188 McCabe, D. L., Trevino, L. K., (1996). What we know about cheating in college., Change, 00091383.
189 McCabe, Donald L. Trevino, Linda Klebe. Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education; Sep/Oct93, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 522-538.
190 McCabe, D. L.,Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III,(1999). National effort to stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.
191 McCabe, D. L., and Pavela, G. (2000). Some good news about academic integrity. Change 33 (5), 32–38.
192 McCabe, D. L. &Trevino, L. K., (1993). Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 525.
193 Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
194 Resolving Minor Academic Integrity Violations. Academic Leader. p8.
195 Resolving Minor Academic Integrity Violations. Academic Leader. p8.
196Marcel. C. Lafollette., (2000). COMMENTS: The Evolution of the “Scientific Misconduct” Issue: An Historical Overview, SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT HISTORICAL OVERVIEW, 211-215; Nicholas H. Steneck, (1984). Commentary: the University and Research Ethics, Science, Technology & Human Values, 6-15; Rebecca Dresser, (2001). Defineing Research Misconduct: Will We Know It When We See It? Hasting Center Report. 31-32.
197 1974 年,William T. Summerlin 在纽约 Sloan-Kettering 癌症中心对皮肤癌进行集中研究。他在用组织培养促进遗传上不相容的皮肤移植研究中,人为的使两只小白鼠身上移植皮肤的颜色加深,以此显示他试验成功。在面对学术欺诈指控时,Summerlin 将责任归咎于脑力和体力的耗尽、学校对公布研究结果的压力、以及令他对判断“麻木”的“无法忍受的临床试验负担”等。参考自 Hixson J. The Patchwork Mouse. Garden City, NJ: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 220, 1976.; McBride G. (1974). The Sloan-Kettering affair: Could it have happened anywhere? JAMA 229:1391–1410.
200 U.S. House of Representatives. Fraud in Biomedical Research, 1981: Hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, 97th Cong., 1st Sess., 1981; LaFollette MC. A foundation of trust: Scientific misconduct, Congressional oversight, and the regulatory response. In: Braxton JM, Ed.Perspectives on Scholarly Misconduct in the Sciences. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 11–41, 1999.
201 U.S. House of Representatives. Fraud in Biomedical Research, 1981: Hearings before the Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, 97th Cong., 1st Sess., 1981.
202 Harold C. Sox, MD, and Drummond Rennie, MD.(2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine, 609-613.
203 U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific fraud and misconduct and the federal response, 1988: Hearing of the Committee on Government Operations, Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations, 100th Cong., 1st Sess., 11 April, 1988. 14. U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific Fraud and Misconduct in the National Institutes of Health Biomedical Grant Programs, 1988: Hearing of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, 100th Cong., 1st Sess., 12 April, 1988.
204 TherezaImanishi-Kar,Baltimore 案件中诺贝尔奖获得者 David Baltimore 的一名同事和合作者。Kevles DJ. The Baltimore Affair: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character. New York: WW Norton & Co, 1998. 16. Sarasohn J. Science on Trial: The Whistle Blower, the Accused, and the Nobel Laureate. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
205 科学家、心理学者 Stephen J. Breuning 向全国心理健康协会(the National Institute of Mental Health)伪造了研究计划报告。Valentine PW. Drug therapy researcher is indicted. Wash Post 111:A1, A14, 1988. ;Wheeler DL. Researcher is indicted for falsifying data and impeding investigation of his work. Chron Higher Ed 34:A4, A12, 1988.; Zurer PS. Researcher criminally charged with fraud. Chem Eng News 66:5, 1988.
206 Breuning 的研究数据已经被广泛报道和广泛应用,从 1980 年到 1983 年,他发表的论文数量至少占到了这一主题所有学术性文章的三分之一,并且此后的引文分析也显示,1981 年至 1985 年,他的成果对文献资料有“富有意义”的影响。此外,他的结论还被用于证明患者治疗的正确性。尽管最终没有造成对患者的实际伤害,但是这一事件几乎明确的向很多非学术界人士证明了学术不端问题存在及危害,并且也促使美新闻界及政界对这一问题产生了更多的关注。Garfield E, Welljams-Dorof A. The impact of fraudulent research on the scientific literature: The Stephen E. Breuning case. In: Peer Review in Scientific Publishing: Papers from the First International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication, Chicago, IL, 10–12 May 1989. Chicago: Council of Biology Editors, 53, 1991.
207 U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific Fraud and Misconduct: The Institutional Response,1989: Hearing of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, 101st Cong., 1st Sess., 9 May, 1989. 26. U.S. House of Representatives. Scientific Fraud, 1990: Hearing of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, 101st Cong., 2nd Sess., 14 May, 1990.27. U.S. House of Representatives. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 1990: Maintaining the Integrity of Scientific Research, 101st Cong., 2nd Sess., 1990.
208 Kevles DJ. The Baltimore Affair: A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character. New York: WW Norton & Co, 1998.16. Sarasohn J. Science on Trial: The Whistle Blower, the Accused, and the Nobel Laureate. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
209 Buzzelli DE. (1993)The definition of misconduct in science: A view from NSF. Science
259:pp584–585, 647–648.
210曹南燕 吴寿乾:研究诚信的体制化——美国研究诚信办公室及其启示,《自然辩证法研究》,2006 年第10 期。
211 Harold C. Sox, MD, and Drummond Rennie,MD.(2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine. 609-613.
212 “PHS 受奖者及申请者制度在处理及报告可能的科学不端行为时的职责”,42 联邦法规全书第 50 卷,A分卷。
213 Saunders, Edward J, (1993).CONFRONTING ACADEMIC DISHONESTY. Journal of Social Work Education.; Ronald B. Standler , Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm.
214 Napolitano v. Princeton Univ., 453 A.2d 279 (N.J.Super.Ch.Div. 1982), aff'd 453 A.2d 263 (N.J.Super. 1982).
215 美国著作权法第107条(17 U.S.C.§107, Limitations on Exclusive Rights: Fair Use)将“合理性”界定为:四条标准,即善意使用、非竞争性使用、无其他损害的作用、 特定主体的使用。参考自吴汉东,美国著作权法中合理使用的“合理性”判断标准,《外国法译评》,1997 年第 3 期;季卫东,网络化社会的戏仿与公平竞争(上) ――关于著作权制度设计的比较分析,http://www.civillaw.com.cn/article/default.asp?id=28059
216Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. U.S. v. International Term Papers, Inc., 477 F.2d 1277, 1280 (1stCir. 1973)。
217Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. People v. Magee,
423 N.Y.S.2d 417, 419-421 (1979).
218所谓简易判决,又被称为即决判决(Summary Judgment),是指对重要的案件事实并不存在真正的争议,在审前阶段,根据当事人的申请,法官直接将案件作为纯法律问题加以处理的一种便捷、快速的判决方式。简易判决的目的主要是为了避免进行不必要的开庭审理,简化诉讼程序,节省诉讼资源和成本。参考自http://www.freelawyer.cn/fashixue/10752.html
219Ronald B. Standler ,Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm. Id. 419-420.
220 美国大学的学生荣誉誓言, http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xxsb/1223054.htm
227 张金顺:国外德育理论研究的新进展,《广西民族大学学报》(哲学社会科学版),2006 年 11 月。
228刘永弘:道德认知发展理论对我国学校道德教育的启示,《合肥学院学报(社会科学版)》,2007(4)。
229 Lee Jungjun,试评“价值澄清理论”,http://jjstudio.vcmblog.com/archives/2007/711123.html
230洪棋文 陈红:美国学校德育的价值澄清理论评析,《衡阳师范学院学报》,2007 年 8 月。
231 http://www.myoops.org/cocw/mit/Foreign-Languages-and-Literatures/21F-704Spring-2005/Syllabus/
232 Roig. Miguel., (2001). Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Criteria of College and University Professors. Ethics & Behavior, Jul2001, Vol. 11 Issue 3, 307-323, 309.
233 Roig. Miguel., (2001). Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Criteria of College and University Professors. Ethics& Behavior, Jul2001, Vol. 11 Issue 3, 307-323, 313
234 Roig, Miguel. (1997). Can undergraduate students dertermine whether text has been plagiarized?Psychological Record, 44, 3-12
235 Stevens, Edward H., (1996). Informal resolution of academic misconduct cases. College Teaching, 213-221.
236 L.M. Hinman., (2002). Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society. 33-42.
237 高天极:美国道德教育与中国传统道德教育之比较[DB/OL],2005 年 4 月 4 日,http://www.blogms.com/blog/CommList.aspx?BlogLogCode=1000261840
238 蔡国英:当代西方道德教育思潮的导向及其启示,《宁夏大学学报》(人文社会科学版),2004 年第 5 期。
239 高天极:美国道德教育与中国传统道德教育之比较[DB/OL],2005 年 4 月 4 日,http://www.blogms.com/blog/CommList.aspx?BlogLogCode=1000261840
240 杨韶刚:从道德相对主义到核心价值观——学校道德教育转向的心理学思考,《教育研究》,2004 年 01期。
241 杨韶刚:从道德相对主义到核心价值观——学校道德教育转向的心理学思考,《教育研究》,2004 年 01期。
242 高天极:美国道德教育与中国传统道德教育之比较[DB/OL],2005 年 4 月 4 日,http://www.blogms.com/blog/CommList.aspx?BlogLogCode=1000261840
243 Sara Rimer, A Campus Fad That's Being Copied: Internet Plagiarism. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/03/education/03CHEA.html
244 Lawrence M. Hinman. The Impact of the Internet on Our Moral Lives. SUNY Press.
245大多数这类网站都没有告知论文购买者不要用网站上得到的论文获得课程分数,但是学生仍然将其左为自己的论文上交。有些网站免费提供论文——只要点击下载即可。一些网站免费提供论文,但是需要先注册。一些网站需要进行交换——要“免费”下载一篇论文,必须先提供一篇论文。一些网站需要先交会费才允许访问使用。大多数网站按页数收费,费用在每页 1-10 美元之间。购买者信用卡账单上显示的是"Research Inc."或"AmeriCorp"。如果购买者第二天就要交论文而普通邮寄速度太慢,另加 15 美元就能立即得到通过 e-mail 传递的论文。如果查找后未能找到合适的论文,购买者还可以花重金购买网站专门为其定制的论文。
246 Cheating 101: Detecting Plagiarized Papers, http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html
247 http://www.plagiarized.com
248 顾炎武:《亭林文集》卷三《与友人论学书》。转引自梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》,山西古籍出版社2001 年版,第 59 页。
249 汪荣宝:《法言义疏》,上册,中华书局,1987 年版,第 18 页。
250 钱穆:《中国近三百年学术史》,上册,商务印书馆 1997 年版,第 29 页。
251 《曾巩集》卷十六《寄欧阳舍人书》,启功等主编,朱国富、谢若水整理,国际文化出版公司 1997 年版,第 97 页。
252 白寿彝、廖德清、施丁主编:《中国通史》第 4 卷,上海人民出版社 1995 年版,第 548 页。
253 梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》,山西古籍出版社 2001 年版,第 65 页、159 页。
254 孙作云:《〈离骚〉校勘记》,《孙作云文集〈?离骚〉研究(上)》,河南大学出版社 2003 年版,第 190 页
255 梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》,山西古籍出版社 2001 年版,第 149 页。
256 杨圣玉 张保生主编:《学术规范导论》高等教育出版社 2004 年版,第 19、20、21 页。
257杜晶波:大学生学术诚信现状调查分析与思考,《辽宁行政学院学报》,2007/1(124-125)。
258数据来源:杜晶波:大学生学术诚信现状调查分析与思考,《辽宁行政学院学报》,2007/1(124-125);学术规范遭遇缺失 需加强大学生学术诚信教,光明日报,2006 年 01 月 10 日, http://edu.qq.com/a/20060110/000013.htm;加强大学生诚信道德建设 构建新时期高校和谐校园,2007-4-30,http://www.bjyouth.gov.cn/gzyj/jyjl/141187.shtml;“拒绝考试作弊,远离学术腐败”系列活动,2005-10-27, http://dpt.swupl.edu.cn/content.asp?did=1&cid=80339415901&id=81490181701;刘培蕾:大学生学术诚信缺失的原因及其教育对策研究,硕士学位论文,2007 年 5 月,中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库;江新华:学术何以失范——大学学术道德失范的制度分析,社会科学文献出版社 2005 年版;石国亮:当代中国大学生道德的新取向研究,新华网,2005 年 09 月 14 日,http://news.xinhuanet.com/video/2005-09/14/content_3489976.htm;秦霞 陈敏 华小烨:大学生考试作弊与诚信问题调查,《中国大学教学》,2004 No.7 P.45-46;不得不抄能抄就抄——作弊现象折射考试制度弊端[N].北京:中国青年报,2005-8-31;何霭:当代大学生诚信状况的调查与思考,《河南教育》(高教版),2005/Z1(27-28);叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,《科学学研究》,2006/4(178-183)。
259 网上买硕士论文:200 元一篇行情火爆 东方网 3 月 15 日。
260 类似提供论文买卖或免费下载的网站主要有:论文网在线(www.lunwenwang.com)中国免费论文网(www.lunwennet.com)、论文发表网(www.lunwen.net.cn)、中国论文网(www.lw99.com/)、找论文网(www.zlunwen.com)、中国 51 在线免费论文资源下载网(www.51lun-wen.cn)、论文网(www.lunw.com)、教育论文网(www.51papers.com)、易起论文网(www.17net.net)、论文秘书网(www.wenshu.net)、论文天下论文网(www.lunwentianxia.com)、中国论文网(www.witkeycity.com)、中国论文网(www.paperlw.com)、中华论文网(www.papercn.cn)等。
261 Robert Marquand 报道,Yush 译:美国《基督教科学箴言报》:中国学术造假泛滥,转引自新语丝,http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/47406879010003ym
262 张洁平、呙中校, 揭开学术腐败 防止动摇国本, 2006 年 8 月 27 日, 亚洲周刊二十卷三十五期,http://blog.soufun.com/6340344/273679/articledetail.htm
263Paul Mooney 报道,Yush 译:美国《高等教育纪事报》2006 年 5 月 19 日,http://bbs.cqzg.cn/thread-419413-1-1.html
264杨锦麟:中国学术之假:“痛了谁的神经,又能惊醒谁”, 2006-8-7,http://blog.phoenixtv.com/user3/sjlzg/archives/2006/265171.html
265 傅萍:《关于学术腐败的界定问题》,《学术规范与学风建设论坛》,教育部科学委员会秘书处 组编,高等教育出版社 2005 年版。
266 胡杨:《建树学术规范 反对学术腐败——〈自然辩证法通讯〉“学术规范与学风建设”讨论综述》,学术批评网 2002 年 2 月 28 日。
267 周祥森 章培恒 俞吾金 曹树基:《畅谈学术规范与学风建设》,中华读书报,2004 年 11 月 26 日。
268张国春:《加强学风建设 促进学术繁荣——近期学术界关于学风问题讨论综述》,学术批评网,2002 年8 月 18 日。
269 邱咏梅:中美高校学术规范文本的解读与评价——《北京大学教师学术道德规范》和《乔治·华盛顿大学关于学术不端行为处理程序的规定》的比较研究,《大学教育科学》,2005 年第 6 期。
270 时章明:《新思路 新举措——2005 年湖南省高校思想政治教育研究课题成果集》,湖南大学出版社 2005年版,第 123-124 页。
271 张耀灿等:《现代思想政治教育学》,人民出版社 2001 年版,第 197-200 页。
272 龙庆华:《高校诚信道德建设研究》,云南大学出版社 2007 年版,第 191-194 页。
273 鲁洁 王逢贤:《德育新论》,江苏教育出版社 2000 年版,第 445-446 页。
274 钟启泉等:《西方德育原理》,陕西人民教育出版社 1998 年版,第 275-292 页。
275 鲁洁 王逢贤:《德育新论》,江苏教育出版社 2000 年版,第 486 页。
276具体反剽窃程序是:需要防剽窃的作品在该网站确认登记后,网站便会启动监控系统,在互联网上进行类似于“多个关键词”的搜索,监视发现是否有与登记文章存在多处相同文字的其他有关文章,被确定为遭剽窃或有剽窃嫌疑的作品,还可以请求网站委托专家鉴定和律师见证。这种手段只能针对互联网作品,并且有相当多一部分没有纳入数据库的文章无法比对。参考自 http://www.heyunfeng.com/ 。
277 http://www.eyw.edu.cn/zhuanti/tzbkj/zlhb/zlhb1-2-2-51.htm
278李文凯:美国高校学术诚信教育及启示,选自《中国教育报》。
1. 马克思恩格斯选集(1-4),人民出版社 1995 年版。
2. 教育部社会科学研究与思想政治工作司 组编:《思想政治教育学原理》,高等教育出版社 1999 年版。
3. 张耀灿 郑永廷 刘书林 吴潜涛 等:《现代思想政治教育学》,人民出版社2001 年版。
4. 陈秉公:《思想政治教育学原理》,辽宁人民出版社 2001 年版。
5. 祖嘉合:《思想政治教育方法教程》,北京大学出版社 2004 年版。
6. 张耀灿、徐志远:《现代思想政治教育学科论》,湖北人民出版社 2003 年版。
7. 吴文侃、杨汉清主编:《比较教育学》,北京人民出版社 1989 年版。
8. 黄向阳:《德育原理》,华东师范大学出版社 2000 年版。
9. 袁桂林:《当代西方道德教育理论》,福建教育出版社 1995 年版。
10.武汉大学思想政治教育系组编:《比较德育学》,武汉大学出版社 2003 年版。
11.鲁洁、王逢贤主编:《德育新论》,江苏教育出版社 1994 年版。
12.冯益谦:《比较与创新 中西德育方法比较》,中央编译出版社 2004 年版。
13.宋春宏:《比较德育新论》,西南师大出版 1998 年年版。
14.朱永康主编:《中外学校道德教育比较研究》,福建教育出版社 1998 年版。
15.龙庆华:《高校诚信道德建设研究》,云南大学出版社 2007 年版。
16.时章明主编:《新思路 新举措——2005 年湖南省高校思想政治教育研究课题成果集》,湖南大学出版社 2005 年版。
17.江新华:《学术何以失范——大学学术道德失范的制度分析》,社会科学文献出版社 2005 年版。
18.王恩华著:《学术越轨批判》,湖南师范大学出版社 2005 年年版。
19.别敦荣:《中美大学学术管理》,华中科技大学出版社 2001 年版。
20.王学风:《学院文化社会的学校德育研究——以新加坡为个案》,广东人民出版社 2005 年版。
21.杨圣玉:《学术规范与学术批评》,河南大学出版社 2005 年版。
22.杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范读本》,河南大学出版社 2004 年版。
23.杨圣玉 张保生 主编:《学术规范导论》,高等教育出版社 2004 年版。
24.教育部科学委员会秘书处组编:《学术规范与学风建设论坛》,高等教育出版社 2005 年版。
25.学术批评网编:《为了学术共同体的尊严 学术批评网创办五周年纪念文集》,北京奥科德文化传播中心 2006 年版。
26.东方善霸:《丑陋的学术人》,陕西师范大学出版社 1999 年版。
27.杨守建:《中国学术腐败批判》,天津人民出版社 2001 年版。
28.方舟子:《溃疡——直面中国学术腐败》,海南出版社 2001 年版。
29.[美]柯尔伯格:《道德教育的哲学》,浙江教育出版社 2000 年版。
30.[美]杜威:《道德教育原理》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
31.[美]路易斯·拉思斯:《价值与教学》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
32.[英]约翰·威尔逊:《道德教育新论》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
33.[英]彼得斯:《道德发展与道德教育》,浙江教育出版社 2003 年版。
34.[美]唐纳德·肯尼迪 著,阎凤桥等 译:《学术责任》,新华出版社 2002 年版。
35.[美]威廉?布罗德 尼古拉斯?韦德 著,朱进宁 方玉珍 译:《背叛真理的人们,科学殿堂中的弄虚作假》,上海科技教育出版社 2004 年版。
36.[美]Nicholas H. Steneck 著,曹南燕 等译:《科研伦理入门:ORI 介绍负责人研究行为》,清华大学出版社 2005 年版。
37.[日]山崎茂明著 杨舰, 程远远, 严凌纳译:《科学家的不端行为 捏造·篡改·剽窃》,清华大学出版社 2005 年版。
38.美国医学科学院,美国科学三院国家科研委员会撰 苗德岁译:《科研道德 倡导负责行为》,北京大学出版社 2007 年版。
39.[美]科学、工程与公共政策委员会撰. 刘华杰译:《怎样当一名科学家,科学研究中的负责行为》,北京理工大学出版社 2004 年版。 ※ ※ ※ ※
40.李广文:高校学术道德建设应正确处理好三种关系,黑龙江高教研究,2006(2)。
41.叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,科学学研究,2006(2)。
42.黄育馥:美国专业人才的学术道德教育,国外社会科学,2005(1)。
43.邱咏梅:中美高校学术规范文本的解读与评价——《北京大学教师学术道德规范》和《乔治·华盛顿大学关于学术不端行为处理程序的规定》的比较研究,大学教育科学,2005(6)。
44.孙 洁 徐庆宁:从中美两国相比较的角度浅谈高校学术道德教育,当代教育论坛,2006(3)。
45.王 笛:编辑中国学术界的“《芝加哥手册》”,开放时代,2001(12)。
46.德国以法惩处学术腐败:新华网柏林 2002 年 2 月 25 日电。
47.建树学术规范 反对学术腐败——《自然辩证法通讯》“学术规范与学风建设”讨论综述,www.acriticism.com,2002.2.28。
48.美国大学校园的抄袭剽窃现象,好汉网,2004.4.24。
49.李文凯:美国高校学术诚信教育及启示.中国教育报,2003.12.20。
50.美国怎么对付学术腐败,中国青年报,2004.6.3。
51.瑞典道德与法律双管齐下治理学术腐败,新华网,2002.2.27。
52.周大亚整理:外国反学术腐败的主要做法,人民日报,2002.12.24。
53.王 笛:学术规范与学术批评——谈中国问题与西方经验,开放时代,
2001(12)。
54.英国监督学术腐败主要靠自律,新华网,2002.2.27。
55.中国正在形成防止科学造假的规则,经济学家,2006.5.18。
56.袁良骏:抵制“官尘暴”对学术的侵害,自然辩证法通讯,2000(3)。
57.谢 泳:学术规范是如何失去的?,自然辩证法通讯,2000(3)。
58.舒远招:学术失范之根源?,自然辩证法通讯,2000(4)。
59.赵万里:学术规范建设与学者的道德自律,自然辩证法通讯,2000(4)。
60.魏屹东:学术界也需打假,自然辩证法通讯,2000(5)。
61.魏 江:浅谈学术规范:软性约束和硬性约束并举,自然辩证法通讯,2000(5)。
62.张万红:重视研究生学风和学术道德教育,江苏高教,2000(3)。
63.张晓明:加强研究生学术道德研究,思想教育研究,1999(3)。
64.王海燕:讲究科学道德,抵制和纠正学术研究中的不正之风,中华眼底病杂志,1998(2)。
65.刘丽娟:对加强高校教师学术道德建设的思考,中国高教研究,2002(12)。
66.张高明,周建辉,黄桂芳:论基础研究的学术道德建设与终身教授制,湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2001(3)。
67.胡慧河:高校学子学术腐败探究,自然辩证法通讯,2001(3)。
68.袁济喜:学术腐败与道德危机,学术界,2000(4)。
69.徐永康:论高校亟应高扬学术道德,华东政法学院学报,2001 年增刊。
70.邓演平,雷 鸣,蓝甲云:我国学术道德建设原则初探,湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2001(12)。
71.姚利民:当代中国学者应有的学术道德初探,科技导报,2001(12)。
72.规范学术行为端正学术风气——专家笔谈加强学术道德建设,中国高教研究, 2002(4)。
73.葛晨虹:学术道德建设必须加强,高校理论战线,2002(4)。
74.吴来苏:颁布《纲要》重在实施 公民道德重在建设——《公民道德建设实施纲要》学术研讨会综述,道德与文明,2002(1)。
75.“加强学风和学术道德建设”座谈会述要,高校理论战线,2002(4)。
76.江新华:大学德育应重视大学生学术道德素质的培养,教育探索,2002(6)。
77.对高校加强学术道德建设的认识与建议,中国高等教育,2002(20)。
78.江新华 上官林武:论大学学术道德教育,集美大学学报,2002(12)。
79.杨玉圣:学术腐败、学术规范与学术伦理——关于高校学术道德建设的若干问题,社会科学论坛,2002(6)。
80.江新华:研究生学术道德失范:表现、根源与对策,科学学与科学技术管理,2003(1)。
81.刘红梅:加强学术道德建设刍议,中共杭州市委党校学报,2005(3)。
82.刘长清:社会学习理论的道德教育观评析,齐鲁学刊,2000 年(2)。
83.张典兵 朱惠玲:社会学习理论的德育价值探析,石油教育,2007(1)。
84.沈莉萍:试论班杜拉社会学习理论的道德发展观,教育探索,2001 年(1)。
85.邢伟荣:班杜拉社会学习理论德育价值新探,文教资料,2007 年 7 月号下旬刊。
86.王 艳:社会学习理论对当前品德教育工作的启示,山东省青年管理干部学院学报,2001(5)。
87.董大敏:班杜拉社会学习理论的当代社会德育意义,理论界,2007(4)。
88.校德育工作的启示,邵阳高等专科学校学报,2001(3)。
89.刘永弘: 道德认知发展理论对我国学校道德教育的启示, 合肥学院学报(社会科学版),2007(4)。
90.孙祥生:道德发展阶段理论与价值澄清理论之比较——对我国新时期道德教育的启示,浙江万里学院学报,2002(9)。
91.罗卫东:跨学科社会理论研究概论, http://www.pinggu.org/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=42&ID=173256。
92.王 艳:美国学术团体促进科研诚信规范,科学对社会的影响,2006(2)。
93.曹南燕 吴寿乾:研究诚信的体制化——美国研究诚信办公室及其启示,自然辩证法研究,2006(10)。
94.胡 杨:建树学术规范 反对学术腐败——〈自然辩证法通讯〉“学术规范与学风建设”讨论综述,学术批评网,2002.2.28。
95.让圣殿坚守纯洁——学术腐败问题答问录,中国教育报,2001.8.9。
96.张 静:“科技界真理斗士“邹承鲁:科学界有七种不道德行为,21 世纪经济报道,2003 年 6 月 27 日。
97.李铁映:关于学风问题的思考,中国社会科学院院报,2001.8.21。
98.张国春:加强学风建设 促进学术繁荣——近期学术界关于学风问题讨论综述,学术批评网,2002.8.18。
99.鞠德峰:关于当前“学术腐败”问题的道德思考,石油大学学报(社会科学版),2002(5)。
100.孙自法:科协呼吁改称“学术腐败”为学术不端或不良行为, http://www.cutech.edu.cn/luntan/article/000024.asp。
101.傅 萍:关于学术腐败的界定问题,学术规范与学风建设论坛,教育部科学委员会秘书处 组编,高等教育出版社,2005 年版。
102.周祥森 章培恒 俞吾金 曹树基:畅谈学术规范与学风建设,中华读书报,2004.11.26。
103.汪青松:论当前治理高校学术道德失范的路径依赖,郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),2007(6)。
104.彭 云:高校学术道德缺失的成因及对策.中华医学科研管理杂志,2007(5)。
105.陈 勇:大学生学术诚信面临的问题及其对策,中国林业教育,2006/05。
106.高进军:高校学术不端行为的防治——管理层、导师、研究生三方职责探析,学位与研究生教育,2007/S1。
107.孙立群:高等学校学生学术不诚实成因分析及其对策研究,黑龙江高教研究,2003(1)。
108.刘培蕾:约翰·霍普金斯大学本科生学术道德委员会制度及启示,世界教育信息,2006(11)。
109.蒯 强:法国倡导科研诚信和反对学术不端行为的举措,复旦教育论坛,2007(5)。
110.驻纽约总领事馆教育组:美国高校的学术自由与学术诚信,中国高等教育,2003(18)。
111.陈 涛:研究型大学工科研究生学术道德及学风建设的调查分析,中国电力教育,2007(11)。
112.叶继红:科学道德、学术规范与高校德育教育——以苏州大学调查为例,科学学研究,2006(2)。
113.美国大学的学生荣誉誓言, http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/xxsb/1223054.htm。
114.沈卫利译:美国大学抓住网络剽窃者, http://www.yesky.com/422/174422_1.shtml。
115.顾海良:学术规范与学术道德:他律与自律,社会科学论坛,2005(1)
116.朱 燕:麻省理工学院对学术不端行为的处理程序及评析,世界教育信息,2008(3)。
117.朱 燕:美国学生学术不端问题研究评介——基于 PQDD 博硕士论文数据库美国博士学位论文的分析,国外理论动态,2008(4)。
118.Ann Lathrop & Kathleen Foss. (2000), Student Cheating and Plagiarism in the Internet Era. Libraries Unlimited, Inc. Englewood, Colorado.
119.Astin, A. W. (1984). Achieving Academic Excellence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
120.Bernard E. Whitley, Jr. & Patricia Keith-Spiegel. (2001), Academic Dishonest An Educator's Guide. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.London.
121.Bowers, W. J. (1964), Student dishonesty and its control in college. New York: Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University.
122.Braxton JM, Ed. (1999), Perspectives on Scholarly Misconduct in the Sciences. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
123.Carter, S. L. (1996), Integrity. New York: Harper Collins.
124.Gehring D.& Pavela, G. (1994), Issues and perspectives on academic integrity (2nd ed.). Washington, DC; National Association of Student Personnel Administrators.
125.Harrison MI. (1994), Diagnosing Organizations: Methods, Models, and Processes, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
126.Hixson J. (1976), The Patchwork Mouse. Garden City, NJ: Anchor Press/Doubleday.
127.Kevles DJ. (1998). The Baltimore Affair. A Trial of Politics, Science, and Character. New York: WW Norton & Co.
128.Kibler, W.C., Nuss, E.M., Paterson, B.G., & Pavela, G. (1988), Academic integrity and student development: Legal issues, policy perspectives. Asheville, NC, USA: College Administrators Publications.
129.Lock S, Wells F. (1996), Fraud and Misconduct in Medical Research (2nd Ed).London: BMJ Publishing Group.
130.Melendez, B. (1985), Honor Code Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Sarasohn J. (1993), Science on Trial: The Whistle Blower, the Accused,and the Nobel Laureate. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
131.Schein, E. H. (1985), Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
132.Wilfied Decoo. (2001), Crisis on Campus: Confronting Academic Misconduct. The MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England.
133.Aiken, L.R. (1991). Detecting, understanding, and controlling for cheating on test. Research in Higher Education, 32, 725-736.
134.Angell M, Relman AS. (1998). A time for congressional restraint. N Engle J Med 318:1462–1463.
135.Alschuler, A. S., & Blimling, G. S. (1995). Curbing epidemic cheating through systemic change. College Teaching, 43, 123–125.
136.Augustus E. Jordan. (2001). College Student Cheating: The Role of Motivation, Perceived Norms, Attitutes, and Knowledge of Institutional Policy. Ethics& Behavior,11(3),233-247.
137.Blankenship, K.L., &Whitley, B.E., Jr. (2000). Relation of general deviance to academic dishonesty. Ethics&Behavior, 10, 1-12.
138.Brown, B.S. (1995). The academic ethics of graduate business students: A survey. Journal of Education for Business, 70, 151-156.
139.Buzzelli DE.(1993) The definition of misconduct in science: A view from NSF. Science. 259:584–585, 647–648.
140.Cheating 101: Detecting Plagiarized Papers. http://www.coastal.edu/library/presentations/papermil.html
141.Christopher A. Simon, Jim R. Carr, Sesi M. McCullough, Sally J. Morgan, Ted Oleson& Maggie Ressel. (2004). Gender, student perceptions, institutional commitments and academic dishonesty: who reports in academic dishonesty cases? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(1).77-84.
142.Davis, S.F., Grover, C.A., Becker, A.H. & McGregor, L.N. (1992). Academic dishonesty: prevalence, determinants, techniques, and punishments. Teaching of Psychology. 19(1), 16-20.
143.Davis, S.F.,& Ludvigson, H.W.. (1995). Additional data on academic dishonesty and a proposal for remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22, 119-121.
144.Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices, http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9
145.Diekhoff, G. M., LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Williams, L.E., Francis, B., & Haines, V.J. (1996). Cillege cheating: Ten years later. Research in Higher Education, 37, 487-502.
146.Eison, J. A., Pollio, H. R., & Milton, O. (1986). Educational and personal characteristics of four different types of learning- and grade-oriented students. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11, 54–67.
147.Oyaziwo Aluede, Eunice O. Omoregie, Gloria I. Osa-Edoh, Academic Dishonesty as a Contemporary Problem in Higher Education: How Academic Advisers Can Help. Reading Improvement, 97-106.
148.Fass, R. A. (1990). Cheating and plagiarism. In W. M. May (Ed.), Ethics and Higher Education. 172.
149.Faulkender, P. J. Range, L. M., Hamilton, M., Strehlow, M., Jackson, S., Blanchard, E., & Dean, P. (1994). The case of the stolen psychology test: An analysis of an actual cheating incident. Ethics& Behavior, 4, 209-217.
150.Five rules to follow if you're certain you've caught someone cheating, http://www.plagiarized.com/caughtrules.html
151.Franklyn-Stokes, A., & Newstead, S. E.(1995). Undergraduate cheating: Who does what and why? Studies in Higher Education, 20(2), 39-52.
152.Garfield E, Welljams-Dorof A. (1991). The impact of fraudulent research on the scientific literature: The Stephen E. Breuning case. In: Peer Review in Scientific Publishing: Papers from the First International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication, Chicago, IL, 10–12 May 1989. Chicago: Council of Biology Editors, 53.
153.Greenberg, J. (1990). Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden costs of pay cuts. Journal of Applied Pyschology, 75, 561-568.
154.Greenberg, J. (1993). Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of theft reactions to underpayment inequity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 54, 81-103.
155.Harold C. Sox, MD,& Drummond Rennie, MD. (2006). Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case. Annals of Internal Medicine. 609-613.
156.Hendershott, A., Drinan, P.F.&Cross, M. (1999). Gender and academic integrity. Journal of College Student Dvelopment , 40(4), 345-354.
157.Hinman L. M. (2002) Academic Integrity and the World Wide Web. Computers and Society.33-42.
158.Hinman L. M. (2004). How to Fight College Cheating. The Washington Post, September 3, 2004.
159.Hollinger, R.C. &Lanza-Kaduce, L. (1996). Academic dishonesty and the perceived effectiveness of countermeasures: An empirical survey of cheating at a major public university. NASPA Journal, 33, 292-306.
160.Ikupa, J.C. B. (1997). Causes and cure of examination malpractices. The Business Administrator, 7(1), 38-39.
161.Jamie McKenzie. The New Plagiarism: Seven Antidotes to Prevent Highway Robbery in an Electronic Age. http://fno.org/may98/cov98may.html.
162 . Jendrek, M.P.(1989).Faculty reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Development, 30, 401-406.
163.Jendrek, M.P. (1992). Students reactions to academic dishonesty. Journal of College Student Dvelopment, 33, 260-273.
164.Judith Ruderman, Faculty Play a Crucial Academic Integrity Role, Academic Leader, http://ebooks-library.blogspot.com/
165.Keith-Spiegel, P., Tabachnick, B.G., &Gray-Shellberg, L.(1997). Student awareness of academic honesty code content. http://ebooks-library.blogspot.com/
166.Keith-Spiegel,P., Tabachnick, B.G., Whitely,B.E., Jr., & Washburn, J.(1998). Why do professors ignore cheating? Opinions of a national sample of psychology instructors. Ethics & Behavior, 8, 215-227.
167.Kerkvliet, J. & Sigmund, C. L. (1999). Can we control cheating in the classroom? Journal of Economic Education, 30, 331–343.
168.Kibler, W. L. (1993). A framework for addressing academic dishonesty from a student development perspective. NASPA Journal, 31, 8–18.
169.LaBeff, E.E., Clark, R.E., Haines, V.J., & Diekhoff, G.M. (1990). Situational ethics and college student cheating. SociologicalInquiry, 60, 190-198.
170 . LaGrange, M. V. (1992). Student, faculty and administrator perceptions of academic dishonesty. Unpublished master’s thesis, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
171.Lambert, E.G., Hogan, N.C., & Barton, S.M. (2003). Collegiate academic dishonesty revisited: What have they done, how often have they done it, who does it, and why did they do it. Electronic Journals of Sociology.
172.Zurer PS. (1998). Researcher criminally charged with fraud. Chem Eng News 66:5.
173 . Leslee Throckmorton-Belzer, Patricia Keith-Spiegel & Jennifer Wrangham, (2001). Student Response to a Collective Penalty for Reported Cheating: A Case Study, Ethics& Behavior, 343-348.
174.Marcel. C. Lafollette. (2000). COMMENTS: The Evolution of the “Scientific Misconduct” Issue: An Historical Overview, Scientific Misconduct Historical Overview, 211-215.
175.McBride G. (1974). The Sloan-Kettering affair: Could it have happened anywhere? JAMA 229:1391–1410.
176.McCabe,D.L. (1992). The influence of situational ethics on cheating among college students. Sociological Inquiry, 62(3), 365-374.
177.McCabe, D.L. (1993). Faculty responses to academic dishonesty: The influence of student honor codes. Research in higher education, 34, 647-658.
178.McCabe, D. L. & Trevino, L. K. (1993). Academic dishonesty: Honor codes and other contextual influences. Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 64 Issue 5, 522-538.
179.McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L. K. (1996). What we know about cheating in college, Change, 00091383.
180.McCabe, D. L., & Trevino, L.K. (1997). Individual and contextual influences on Academic dishonesty: A multicampus investigation, Research in higher education, vol. 38, No.3. 379-396.
181.McCabe D.L. Trevino, L.K. & Butterfield, K.D. (1999). Academic integrity in honor code and non-honor code environments. Journal of Higher Education, 70, 211-234.
182.McCabe, D. L., Ph.D., Edward F. Tate III, (1999). National effortto stem cheating epidemic begins this month, the Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.5-7.
183.McCabe, D. L & Pavela, G.. (2000). Some good news about academic integrity. Change, 32-38
184.McCabe, D. L & Makowski, A. L. (2001). Resolving Allegations of Academic Dishonesty, Is There a Role for Students to Play? About Compus, 17-21.
185.McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2001). Cheating in Academic Institutions: A Decade of Research. Ethics & Behavoir, 219–232.
186.McCabe, D. L., Trevin? o L. K. & Butterfield. K. D. (2002). Honor codes and other contextual influences on academic integrity: A Replication and Extension to Modified Honor Code Settings. Research in Higher Education, Vol. 43, No. 3, 357-378.
187.McCabe, D. L. & Pavela, G. Ten Principles of Academic Integrity. http://www.collegepubs.com/ref/10PrinAcaInteg.shtml
188 . McDonald KA. (1995). Too many co-authors? Chron Higher Ed. 41:A35–A36.
189.Michaels J. W. & Miethe, T.D. (1989) Apllying theories of deviance to academic cheating. Social Science Quarterly, 70, 870-885.
190.Nicholas H. Steneck. (1984).Commentary: the University and Research Ethics, Science. Technology & Human Values, 9(4).6-15.
191.Nuss, E.M. (1984). Academic integrity: Comparing faculty and student attitudes. Improving College and University Teaching, 32, 140-144.
192.Oluyeba, N.F. & Daramola, S.O. (1992). Incidences and detection of examination malpractices in Nigerian public examinations. Paper presented on behalf of WAEC on Examination Malpractices, University of Benin, Benin city, Nigeria.
193.Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2), 106-117.
194.Pavela, G. (1978). Judicial review of academic decision- making after Horowitz. School Law Journal, 55(8), 55- 75.
195.Pavela, G. & McCabe, D. (1993). The surprising return of honor codes. Planning for Higher Education, 21 (4), 27–32.
196.Pavela, G. (1997). Applying the Power of Association on Campus: AModel Code of Academic Integrity. Journal of College and University Law, V24, No. 1
197.Rebecca Dresser, (2001). Defineing Research Misconduct: Will We Know It When We See It? Hasting Center Report. 31-32.
198.Robert Harris. Anti-Plagiarism Strategies for Research Papers. November 17, 2004. http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm.
199.Rodabaugh, R.C. (1996). Institutional commitment to fairness in college teaching. In L. Fisch (Ed.), Ethical dimensions of college and university teaching (37-45).San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
200.Ronald B. Standler. Plagiarism in Colleges in US, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm.
201.Roig, M. (1997). Can undergraduate students dertermine whether text has been plagiarized? Psychological Record, 44, 3-12.
202.Schmelkin, L.P., Kaufman, A.M., & Liebling, D.E. (2001). Faculty assessments of the clarity and prevalence of academic dishonesty. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
203.Sierles, F., I. Hendrickx & S. Circle. (1980). Cheating among college students estimated with the radom-response technique. College Student Journal. 321-325.
204.Sims, R. L. (1993). The relationship between academic dishonesty and unethical business practices. Journal of Education for Business, 68, 207-211.
205.Steneck NH. (1994). Research universities and scientific misconduct: History, policies, and the future. J Higher Ed 65:310–330.
206.Stephen F. Davis, Cathy A. Grover, Angela H. Becker & Loretta N. McGregor. (1992). Academic dishonesty determinants, techniques, and punishments, Teaching of Psychology, Vol. 19, No.1, 16-20.
207.Stephen F. Davis, H. Wayne Ludvigson. (1995). Additional Data on Academic Dishonesty and a Proposal for Remediation. Teaching of Psychology, 22(2),119-121.
208.Stern, E.B., & Havlicek, L. (1986). Academic misconduct: Results of faculty and undergraduate students surveys. Journal of Allied Heakth, 15, 129-142.
209.Stevens, Edward H. (1996). Informal resolution of academic misconductcases. College Teaching, 213-221.
210.Tibbetts, S.G. & Myers, D.C. (1999). Low-selfcontrol, rational choice and student test cheating. Journal of Criminal Justice, 23, 179- 200.
211.Tittle, C.R. & Rowe, A.R. (1973). Moral appeal, sanction threat,and deviance: An experimental test. Social Forces, 20, 488-498.
212.Trevi?o, L. K. (1990). A cultural perspective on changing and developing organizational ethics. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 195–230.
213.Valentine PW. Drug therapy researcher is indicted. Wash Post 111:A1, A14, 1988.
214.Weiss, J., Gilbert, K., Davis, S.F. & Giordano. P. (1993). Academic dishonesty, Type A behavior, and classroom orientation. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 101-102.
215.Wheeler DL. (1988). Researcher is indicted for falsifying data and impeding investigation of his work. Chron Higher Ed 34:A4, A12.
216.Whitley, B.E., Jr. (1998). Factors associated with cheating among college students: A review. Research in higher education, 39, 235-274.
281 http://sja.ucdavis.edu/sja/plagiarism.html
283 http://www.stanford.edu/dept/DoR/rph/2-5.html
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |