斜拉桥拉索振动及减振装置研究
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摘要
斜拉桥具有较好的跨越能力,因而在近些年来得到了广泛的应用。斜拉桥及桥上的拉索易在风雨激励、地震以及车载等外部载荷作用下产生振动,严重时会发生桥梁事故,因此探寻合理有效的方法来减小斜拉桥和拉索振动已经成为重要的研究课题。
本文首先根据有限单元法理论,利用ANSYS软件选用LINK10和BEAM4单元对斜拉桥的拉索、主梁和桥塔等构件进行模拟,建立斜拉桥整桥有限元模型并对其动力特性进行分析,得出斜拉桥固有频率及相应的振型。发现斜拉桥易于产生大幅振动,同时也发现斜拉桥的振动具有明显的三维性。
本文对拉索的构造方法、振动形态进行了分析,并将单根拉索的动力特性与由四根和七根钢绞线构成的拉索分别进行比较,发现在斜拉桥的建模过程及拉索动力特性分析过程中,可以用单根拉索来模拟由多根钢绞线构成的拉索。将利用解析法计算出的拉索固有频率与选用LINK10单元模拟单根拉索分析得到的拉索固有频率进行比较,发现最大相对误差不超过10%,从而进一步说明可以用单根拉索来模拟多根钢绞线构成的拉索。
通过比较在斜拉桥上广泛采用的多种拉索减振方法,设计出基于高阻尼橡胶的减振装置。针对不同型号的高阻尼橡胶圈,设计出四因素三水平的正交实验方案,完成橡胶圈的动力特性研究,选择合适的橡胶圈作为减振装置的重要构件。本文对安装减振装置前后拉索节点的振动位移进行了模拟和比较,发现拉索减振装置的减振效果明显。通过改变拉索减振装置的安装位置,可以看出在一定范围内,随着安装位置的提高,减振效果越来越好。
本论文利用有限元软件,对斜拉桥、拉索、拉索减振装置进行了研究,在研究过程中将ANSYS计算结果与实桥测量结果或解析计算结果进行对比,证明了本论文研究结论的正确性。论文研究内容对于斜拉桥的动力特性分析和拉索减振装置的设计具有一定的参考价值。
With greater ability to go span obstacle, cable-stayed bridge is widely used in recent years. Cable-stayed bridge and stay cables are prone to vibrate under wind, rain, earthquake and vehicle loads. Sometimes vibration can lead to bridge accident. So it is important to search effective and reasonable method to reduce cable-stayed bridge vibration.
According to finite element method principle, this paper adopts LINK10 unit and BEAM4 unit to simulate stay cable, beam and bridge tower in ANSYS. Establish a cable-stayed bridge model and analysis its dynamic characteristic. From above, obtain inherent frequency and corresponding model of cable-stayed bridge. The result proves that cable-stayed bridge vibrates easily and it shows three dimensions vibration properties.
This paper analyses stay cable's construction and vibration forms. Compare the dynamic characteristic of single cylindrical pole stay cable with that of stay cables which are composed by four steel wires and seven steel wires. Compare the inherent frequency of stay cable obtained by analytic method and ANSYS software. The comparison result indicates that the most error is less than 10%. The result also indicates that we can use single cylindrical pole stay cable to simulate stay cable which is composed by a cluster of steel wires.
By comparing several kinds of vibration reducing methods which are widely used on cable-stayed bridge, a vibration reducing equipment has been worked out. For different models of high damp rubber rings, four factors three level orthogonal experiment table is designed out to do much investigation on their dynamic characteristics. The paper simulates and compares vibration displacement of nodes on stay cable, the result indicates that the vibration reducing effect of vibration reducing equipment is obvious. Changing the installation positions of stay cable vibration reducing equipment, the result indicates that the higher installation position the better vibration reducing effect in certain scope.
The paper uses finite element software to do research on the cable-stayed bridge, stay cable and vibration reducing equipment. Compare the result obtained by ANSYS calculation, practical measure and analytic calculation. The research result proves its correctness. The paper's research content and results have value of reference for dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridge and designing of stay cable vibration reducing equipments.
本文首先根据有限单元法理论,利用ANSYS软件选用LINK10和BEAM4单元对斜拉桥的拉索、主梁和桥塔等构件进行模拟,建立斜拉桥整桥有限元模型并对其动力特性进行分析,得出斜拉桥固有频率及相应的振型。发现斜拉桥易于产生大幅振动,同时也发现斜拉桥的振动具有明显的三维性。
本文对拉索的构造方法、振动形态进行了分析,并将单根拉索的动力特性与由四根和七根钢绞线构成的拉索分别进行比较,发现在斜拉桥的建模过程及拉索动力特性分析过程中,可以用单根拉索来模拟由多根钢绞线构成的拉索。将利用解析法计算出的拉索固有频率与选用LINK10单元模拟单根拉索分析得到的拉索固有频率进行比较,发现最大相对误差不超过10%,从而进一步说明可以用单根拉索来模拟多根钢绞线构成的拉索。
通过比较在斜拉桥上广泛采用的多种拉索减振方法,设计出基于高阻尼橡胶的减振装置。针对不同型号的高阻尼橡胶圈,设计出四因素三水平的正交实验方案,完成橡胶圈的动力特性研究,选择合适的橡胶圈作为减振装置的重要构件。本文对安装减振装置前后拉索节点的振动位移进行了模拟和比较,发现拉索减振装置的减振效果明显。通过改变拉索减振装置的安装位置,可以看出在一定范围内,随着安装位置的提高,减振效果越来越好。
本论文利用有限元软件,对斜拉桥、拉索、拉索减振装置进行了研究,在研究过程中将ANSYS计算结果与实桥测量结果或解析计算结果进行对比,证明了本论文研究结论的正确性。论文研究内容对于斜拉桥的动力特性分析和拉索减振装置的设计具有一定的参考价值。
With greater ability to go span obstacle, cable-stayed bridge is widely used in recent years. Cable-stayed bridge and stay cables are prone to vibrate under wind, rain, earthquake and vehicle loads. Sometimes vibration can lead to bridge accident. So it is important to search effective and reasonable method to reduce cable-stayed bridge vibration.
According to finite element method principle, this paper adopts LINK10 unit and BEAM4 unit to simulate stay cable, beam and bridge tower in ANSYS. Establish a cable-stayed bridge model and analysis its dynamic characteristic. From above, obtain inherent frequency and corresponding model of cable-stayed bridge. The result proves that cable-stayed bridge vibrates easily and it shows three dimensions vibration properties.
This paper analyses stay cable's construction and vibration forms. Compare the dynamic characteristic of single cylindrical pole stay cable with that of stay cables which are composed by four steel wires and seven steel wires. Compare the inherent frequency of stay cable obtained by analytic method and ANSYS software. The comparison result indicates that the most error is less than 10%. The result also indicates that we can use single cylindrical pole stay cable to simulate stay cable which is composed by a cluster of steel wires.
By comparing several kinds of vibration reducing methods which are widely used on cable-stayed bridge, a vibration reducing equipment has been worked out. For different models of high damp rubber rings, four factors three level orthogonal experiment table is designed out to do much investigation on their dynamic characteristics. The paper simulates and compares vibration displacement of nodes on stay cable, the result indicates that the vibration reducing effect of vibration reducing equipment is obvious. Changing the installation positions of stay cable vibration reducing equipment, the result indicates that the higher installation position the better vibration reducing effect in certain scope.
The paper uses finite element software to do research on the cable-stayed bridge, stay cable and vibration reducing equipment. Compare the result obtained by ANSYS calculation, practical measure and analytic calculation. The research result proves its correctness. The paper's research content and results have value of reference for dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridge and designing of stay cable vibration reducing equipments.
引文
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[10]J.L.Lilien(Belgium),A.Pinto Da Costa(Portugal),Vibration Amplitudes Caused By Parametric Excitation of Cable Stayed Structures,Journal of Sound and vibration[J].1994,174(2):69-90
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[12]王勖成编著.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:2-3
[13]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:1-3
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[23]孙胜海.钢绞线拉索采用粘性阻尼器的减振效果研究[D].陕西:长安大学,2005:22-24
[24]王修勇.斜拉桥拉索振动控制新技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学土木建筑学院,2002:3-5
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[26]徐兆象,周蓓.斜拉桥拉索的风振及减振方法[J].国外桥梁.1993,(3):198-201
[27]I.Kovacs.Zur Frage der Seilschwingungen und der Seildampfung[J].Journal of bridge engineering,1995,(04):4-8
[28]汪建晓,孟光.磁流变液装置及其在机械工程中的应用[J].机械强度,2001,23(1):50-56
[29]周海俊.斜拉桥拉索减振理论研究及减振装置研制[D].上海:同济大学.2002:20-25
[30]刘万峰.粘性剪切型阻尼器在斜拉桥拉索减振中的研究[D].陕西:公路交通大学公路工程学院,1999:13-18
[31]钱雪松,艾永明.斜拉桥拉索的减振措施[J].工业技术经济.2004,(06):106-108
[32]Ying Xi,J.S.kuang,ultimate load capacity of cable-stayedbridges[J].Journal of bridge engineering,1999,4(4):231-291
[33]Michel Virlogeux(France),Cable Vibration in Cable-stayed bridges[J].Bridge dynamic,1998,(3):213-233
[34]魏建东,杨佑发.辅助索制振效果的有限元分析[J].中国公路学报.2000,(04):68-71
[35]陈水生.大跨度斜拉桥拉索的振动及被动半主动控制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2002:9-11
[36]C.F.Baicu,C.D.Rahnand B.D.Nibali,Active Boundary Control of Elastic Cables:Theory and Experiment[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,198(1):17-26
[37]T.P.Agraul,cable-stayed bridge parametric study[J].Journal of bridge engineering,May 1997
[38]傅政.橡胶材料性能与设计应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[39]#12
[40]石雄伟.拉索采用粘性阻尼器的减振效果研究[D].陕西:长安大学,2002:17-20
[41]P.K费雷克利,A.R佩恩(英)著.杜承泽,唐宝华,罗东山,黄庙由译.橡胶在工程的应用理论与实践.北京:化学工业出版社.1985.6
[42]刘海龙.高阻尼橡胶在斜拉桥拉索减振中的应用[D].陕西:长安大学,2003:13-18
[43]Nielsen EJ,Lai M L,Soong TT,etc.Viscoelastic damper overview for seismic and wind application.In:Proceedings of the First World Conference on Structural Control[C].Los Angeles,California,1994,(3):42-51
[44]孙利民,周海俊,陈艾荣.索承重大跨桥梁拉索的振动控制装置种类与性能[J].国外桥梁.2001(04):36-40
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[54]钱雪松.高阻尼橡胶剪切型阻尼器的试验研究[D].陕西:长安大学,2005:54-56
[2]尼尔斯J·古姆森.缆索承重桥梁——概念与设计(第二版)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002:20-22
[3]王德民,杨佳新.斜拉桥的现状与发展[J].黑龙江水利科技,2002,(2):10-11
[4]蔡国宏.国外桥梁建设与发展的新动态[J].国外公路,1998,18(2):9-15
[5]刘士林.斜拉桥[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[6]桥梁空间[EB/OL].http://www.gdcp.cn/tmx/bjwy/031q2/shidaqiaoliang.htm,2004-05-23
[7]姚玲森.桥梁工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1985
[8]杨正华.斜拉桥结构体系及力学性能研究[D].陕西:西安电子科技大学,2006:7-10
[9]Chris Geurts,Ton Vrouwenvelder,Piet van Staalduien,Jaco Reusink,Numerical Modelling of Rain-Wind-Induced vibration:Erasmus Bridge,Rotterdam.Structural Engineering International,129-134,1998
[10]J.L.Lilien(Belgium),A.Pinto Da Costa(Portugal),Vibration Amplitudes Caused By Parametric Excitation of Cable Stayed Structures,Journal of Sound and vibration[J].1994,174(2):69-90
[11]Benito M.Pacheo,Yozo Fujino,Keeping Cables Clam[J].Civil Engineering,ASCE,1993,(10):65-58
[12]王勖成编著.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:2-3
[13]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:1-3
[14]2R.W.Clough,The finite element method in plane stress analysis[R].Proc.2nd Conf.Electronic Computation,ASCE,Pittsburg,1960,Sept
[15]王焕定,焦兆平.有限单元法基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:1-3
[16]黄国权.有限元法基础及ANSYS应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:1-6
[17]周孟波.斜拉桥手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:559-563
[18]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997
[19]孙汝蛟.高阻尼橡胶剪切型拉索减振器的研究[D].陕西:长安大学,2003:5
[20]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001:100-112
[21]谭长建.拉索参数振动及斜拉桥有限元分析[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006:69
[22]润扬长江公路大桥结构安全健康监测系统2002年度研究成果汇编[C].东南大学土木工程学院结构健康监测研究所,2003
[23]孙胜海.钢绞线拉索采用粘性阻尼器的减振效果研究[D].陕西:长安大学,2005:22-24
[24]王修勇.斜拉桥拉索振动控制新技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学土木建筑学院,2002:3-5
[25]周述华,奚绍中.拉索的雨振及其制振措施[J].桥梁建设.1996,(2):34-43
[26]徐兆象,周蓓.斜拉桥拉索的风振及减振方法[J].国外桥梁.1993,(3):198-201
[27]I.Kovacs.Zur Frage der Seilschwingungen und der Seildampfung[J].Journal of bridge engineering,1995,(04):4-8
[28]汪建晓,孟光.磁流变液装置及其在机械工程中的应用[J].机械强度,2001,23(1):50-56
[29]周海俊.斜拉桥拉索减振理论研究及减振装置研制[D].上海:同济大学.2002:20-25
[30]刘万峰.粘性剪切型阻尼器在斜拉桥拉索减振中的研究[D].陕西:公路交通大学公路工程学院,1999:13-18
[31]钱雪松,艾永明.斜拉桥拉索的减振措施[J].工业技术经济.2004,(06):106-108
[32]Ying Xi,J.S.kuang,ultimate load capacity of cable-stayedbridges[J].Journal of bridge engineering,1999,4(4):231-291
[33]Michel Virlogeux(France),Cable Vibration in Cable-stayed bridges[J].Bridge dynamic,1998,(3):213-233
[34]魏建东,杨佑发.辅助索制振效果的有限元分析[J].中国公路学报.2000,(04):68-71
[35]陈水生.大跨度斜拉桥拉索的振动及被动半主动控制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2002:9-11
[36]C.F.Baicu,C.D.Rahnand B.D.Nibali,Active Boundary Control of Elastic Cables:Theory and Experiment[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,198(1):17-26
[37]T.P.Agraul,cable-stayed bridge parametric study[J].Journal of bridge engineering,May 1997
[38]傅政.橡胶材料性能与设计应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[39]#12
[40]石雄伟.拉索采用粘性阻尼器的减振效果研究[D].陕西:长安大学,2002:17-20
[41]P.K费雷克利,A.R佩恩(英)著.杜承泽,唐宝华,罗东山,黄庙由译.橡胶在工程的应用理论与实践.北京:化学工业出版社.1985.6
[42]刘海龙.高阻尼橡胶在斜拉桥拉索减振中的应用[D].陕西:长安大学,2003:13-18
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