密肋复合板结构非线性数值模型研究与地震能量反应分析
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摘要
密肋复合板结构是一种耗能减震型建筑结构新体系,其研究始于二十世纪九十年代初,经过近二十年的不断创新和完善,目前已在理论研究和工程应用方面取得了较好的阶段性成果。本文在前期试验研究的基础之上,结合密肋复合板结构自身构成特点,建立了合理有效的数值分析模型,采用有限元模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,对密肋复合板结构的地震位移响应特性与能量反应规律进行了分析和探讨,提出了该结构体系基于能量的抗震设计实用方法,为密肋复合板结构的进一步研究与应用奠定了基础。主要研究工作如下：
1密肋复合板结构的非线性数值分析模型研究
综合分析密肋复合板结构的构成特点和受力变形特性,基于通用有限元分析软件MSC.MARC,应用纤维梁及分层壳理论,采取自定义材料子程序模型,合理考虑界面连接要求,本文研究开发了密肋复合板结构复杂受力状态下的精细化非线性有限元分析模型,并基于课题组前期的系列试验研究进行了有效性检验。本文模型采用了相对精确的材料本构、更加合理的单元类型和简单有效的界面处理关系,相比现有数值分析模型,具有更好的计算适用性和更高的计算精确度,可以用于地震等往复荷载作用下密肋复合板结构受力与变形性能的计算模拟和分析,为准确分析该结构体系的弹塑性地震响应提供了保证。
2密肋复合板结构的地震位移响应分析研究
传统静力弹塑性分析方法的固定侧移模式和基本振型控制的两大假定,使其无法应用于高阶振型反应影响显著的高层建筑结构。模态静力弹塑性分析方法通过多振型的推覆分析及其组合,解决了传统静力弹塑性分析方法不能用于高层建筑结构的问题。本文将模态静力弹塑性分析方法应用于小高层密肋复合板结构的地震位移响应分析,并引入基于多点位移控制的推覆分析算法实现了稳定性和收敛性相对更好的位移控制计算。通过两个12层算例分别在小震、中震和大震时各10条地震波下的时程分析,验证了模态静力弹塑性分析方法在密肋复合板结构地震位移响应分析中的适用性,得到了该类结构构件的变形需求计算方法。
3密肋复合板结构的地震能量反应分析研究
以整体系数为研究变量,基于本文建立的非线性数值分析模型进行了地震作用下密肋复合板结构能量反应规律的分析与探讨,完成了大震时10条地震波下的150个密肋复合板结构弹塑性时程分析,重点研究了地震输入能量及总滞回耗能需求的确定、滞回耗能需求的分配与分布等计算方法,从而实现了各构件耗能需求的求解,即采用MPA方法计算结构总地震输入能量和总滞回耗能,采用本文基于时程分析结果拟合得出的公式计算滞回耗能按构件类型和楼层的分配,采用MPA方法确定同一楼层同一类构件水平方向上的耗能分布。
4密肋复合板结构的基于能量实用设计方法研究
基于砌块与界面现有损伤机理研究尚不充分的现实和其总体耗能比例相对较小的分析结论,本文将其耗能能力作为安全储备并利用Park-Ang损伤模型和构件能力设计理论,解决了变形与耗能需求难以应用于密肋复合板结构构件设计的难题。综合本文取得的研究成果,提出了密肋复合板结构基于能量抗震设计方法的实施步骤,具体包括：密肋复合板结构承载力设计；构件变形与耗能需求计算；将砌块与界面耗能作为安全储备并基于Park-Ang损伤模型得到构件极限变形要求；根据能力设计方法进行构件设计。算例分析表明,.相比时程分析计算结果,本文方法具有一定精度。
Multi-ribbed composite slab structures (MRSS) is a new structure system that has a good performance in energy dissipation and seismic behavior. From early1990s, the study on MRSS has achieved great progress in theoretical research and engineering application during the past twenty years. Based on pre-stage tests and composition characteristics of MRSS, a reasonable and effective nonlinear numerical analysis model is built. By the means of FEM simulation and theoretical analysis, the seismic displacement and energy responses of MRSS are analyzed. And then the energy-based seismic design method is proposed, which lays a foundation on further research and application of MRSS. The main research contents are as follows:
1Research on the nonlinear numerical model of MRSS
Considering the composition characteristics and mechnical behaviors of MRSS, a relatively fine nonlinear finite element model of MRSS under complicated conditions is developed based on general finite element software of MSC.MARC with user-defined material models. The finite element model applies fiber-beam and layered-shell theories and considers the related interface requirements. And its accuracy is verified by the comparison between the numerical simulation results and the experimental data. The proposed numerical model has a bigger application scope and a better precision than existing models for its precise material constitutive relations, suitable element styles and effective interface connections. And the model can be used in the simulation on mechanic behaviors of MRSS under reciprocating loads such as earthquake.
2Research on seismic displacement responses of MRSS
For the two assumptions of fixed lateral displacement mode and control by basic vibration mode, the traditional pushover analysis method can not be used in high-rise buildings whose reaction by high-order mode is obvious. The modal pushover analysis (MPA) method can be used in high-rise buildings by multi-mode pushover analysis and combination. In this thesis, the MPA method is applied in analyzing seismic displacement responses of middle-high MRSS by use of pushover algorithm based on multiple point constraints method. The time-history analyses of two12-storey MRSS examples under10seismic waves are completed. The applicability of MPA method in seismic displacement response analyses of MRSS is verified and the calculation method of deformation demand to MRSS members is obtained.
3Research on seismic energy responses of MRSS
Based on the developed numerical model, the rule on seismic energy responses of MRSS is studied by changing the values of whole coefficient.150elasto-plastic time-history analysis examples of MRSS under10seismic waves are completed. The calculation method of determination to input energy and hysteretic energy (EH) under earthquakes, the distribution and vertical dispersion proportions of EH related to member styles of MRSS are mainly studied. And then the solution of demand to energy-dissipation of each MRSS member is obtained, which is as follows:firstly, the total EH of the whole structure is determined by MPA method, secondly, the EH related to member styles in each floor is obtained by use of proposed formulae derived from time-history analysis results, thirdly, the proportion to EH of each member in each floor is gotten by MPA method, and finally the demand to energy-dissipation of each member is achieved.
4Research on energy-based seismic design method of MRSS
Based on the fact that the studies on damage mechanism of brick and interface are inadequate, in this thesis, the energy-dissipation capacities of brick and interface are used as safety reserve for their small total energy-dissipation proportion. By applying Park-Ang damage model and member capacity design theory, the problem that the demands of deformation and energy can hardly be used in member design of MRSS is solved. And then the energy-based seismic design method of MRSS is proposed, which is as follows:bearing-capacity design of MRSS, calculation of demands to member deformation and energy, determination of ultimate deformation of member based on Park-Ang damage model with consideration of above safety reserve and member design by using capacity design method. Comparison with time-history analysis results, the method has an adequate accuracy.
1密肋复合板结构的非线性数值分析模型研究
综合分析密肋复合板结构的构成特点和受力变形特性,基于通用有限元分析软件MSC.MARC,应用纤维梁及分层壳理论,采取自定义材料子程序模型,合理考虑界面连接要求,本文研究开发了密肋复合板结构复杂受力状态下的精细化非线性有限元分析模型,并基于课题组前期的系列试验研究进行了有效性检验。本文模型采用了相对精确的材料本构、更加合理的单元类型和简单有效的界面处理关系,相比现有数值分析模型,具有更好的计算适用性和更高的计算精确度,可以用于地震等往复荷载作用下密肋复合板结构受力与变形性能的计算模拟和分析,为准确分析该结构体系的弹塑性地震响应提供了保证。
2密肋复合板结构的地震位移响应分析研究
传统静力弹塑性分析方法的固定侧移模式和基本振型控制的两大假定,使其无法应用于高阶振型反应影响显著的高层建筑结构。模态静力弹塑性分析方法通过多振型的推覆分析及其组合,解决了传统静力弹塑性分析方法不能用于高层建筑结构的问题。本文将模态静力弹塑性分析方法应用于小高层密肋复合板结构的地震位移响应分析,并引入基于多点位移控制的推覆分析算法实现了稳定性和收敛性相对更好的位移控制计算。通过两个12层算例分别在小震、中震和大震时各10条地震波下的时程分析,验证了模态静力弹塑性分析方法在密肋复合板结构地震位移响应分析中的适用性,得到了该类结构构件的变形需求计算方法。
3密肋复合板结构的地震能量反应分析研究
以整体系数为研究变量,基于本文建立的非线性数值分析模型进行了地震作用下密肋复合板结构能量反应规律的分析与探讨,完成了大震时10条地震波下的150个密肋复合板结构弹塑性时程分析,重点研究了地震输入能量及总滞回耗能需求的确定、滞回耗能需求的分配与分布等计算方法,从而实现了各构件耗能需求的求解,即采用MPA方法计算结构总地震输入能量和总滞回耗能,采用本文基于时程分析结果拟合得出的公式计算滞回耗能按构件类型和楼层的分配,采用MPA方法确定同一楼层同一类构件水平方向上的耗能分布。
4密肋复合板结构的基于能量实用设计方法研究
基于砌块与界面现有损伤机理研究尚不充分的现实和其总体耗能比例相对较小的分析结论,本文将其耗能能力作为安全储备并利用Park-Ang损伤模型和构件能力设计理论,解决了变形与耗能需求难以应用于密肋复合板结构构件设计的难题。综合本文取得的研究成果,提出了密肋复合板结构基于能量抗震设计方法的实施步骤,具体包括：密肋复合板结构承载力设计；构件变形与耗能需求计算；将砌块与界面耗能作为安全储备并基于Park-Ang损伤模型得到构件极限变形要求；根据能力设计方法进行构件设计。算例分析表明,.相比时程分析计算结果,本文方法具有一定精度。
Multi-ribbed composite slab structures (MRSS) is a new structure system that has a good performance in energy dissipation and seismic behavior. From early1990s, the study on MRSS has achieved great progress in theoretical research and engineering application during the past twenty years. Based on pre-stage tests and composition characteristics of MRSS, a reasonable and effective nonlinear numerical analysis model is built. By the means of FEM simulation and theoretical analysis, the seismic displacement and energy responses of MRSS are analyzed. And then the energy-based seismic design method is proposed, which lays a foundation on further research and application of MRSS. The main research contents are as follows:
1Research on the nonlinear numerical model of MRSS
Considering the composition characteristics and mechnical behaviors of MRSS, a relatively fine nonlinear finite element model of MRSS under complicated conditions is developed based on general finite element software of MSC.MARC with user-defined material models. The finite element model applies fiber-beam and layered-shell theories and considers the related interface requirements. And its accuracy is verified by the comparison between the numerical simulation results and the experimental data. The proposed numerical model has a bigger application scope and a better precision than existing models for its precise material constitutive relations, suitable element styles and effective interface connections. And the model can be used in the simulation on mechanic behaviors of MRSS under reciprocating loads such as earthquake.
2Research on seismic displacement responses of MRSS
For the two assumptions of fixed lateral displacement mode and control by basic vibration mode, the traditional pushover analysis method can not be used in high-rise buildings whose reaction by high-order mode is obvious. The modal pushover analysis (MPA) method can be used in high-rise buildings by multi-mode pushover analysis and combination. In this thesis, the MPA method is applied in analyzing seismic displacement responses of middle-high MRSS by use of pushover algorithm based on multiple point constraints method. The time-history analyses of two12-storey MRSS examples under10seismic waves are completed. The applicability of MPA method in seismic displacement response analyses of MRSS is verified and the calculation method of deformation demand to MRSS members is obtained.
3Research on seismic energy responses of MRSS
Based on the developed numerical model, the rule on seismic energy responses of MRSS is studied by changing the values of whole coefficient.150elasto-plastic time-history analysis examples of MRSS under10seismic waves are completed. The calculation method of determination to input energy and hysteretic energy (EH) under earthquakes, the distribution and vertical dispersion proportions of EH related to member styles of MRSS are mainly studied. And then the solution of demand to energy-dissipation of each MRSS member is obtained, which is as follows:firstly, the total EH of the whole structure is determined by MPA method, secondly, the EH related to member styles in each floor is obtained by use of proposed formulae derived from time-history analysis results, thirdly, the proportion to EH of each member in each floor is gotten by MPA method, and finally the demand to energy-dissipation of each member is achieved.
4Research on energy-based seismic design method of MRSS
Based on the fact that the studies on damage mechanism of brick and interface are inadequate, in this thesis, the energy-dissipation capacities of brick and interface are used as safety reserve for their small total energy-dissipation proportion. By applying Park-Ang damage model and member capacity design theory, the problem that the demands of deformation and energy can hardly be used in member design of MRSS is solved. And then the energy-based seismic design method of MRSS is proposed, which is as follows:bearing-capacity design of MRSS, calculation of demands to member deformation and energy, determination of ultimate deformation of member based on Park-Ang damage model with consideration of above safety reserve and member design by using capacity design method. Comparison with time-history analysis results, the method has an adequate accuracy.
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