二层二跨预压装配式预应力混凝土框架抗震性能试验与理论研究
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摘要
发展预制装配式混凝土结构是建筑工业化的必由之路,预制装配式结构可以提高机械化水平,加快施工进度,降低劳动强度,实现低能耗、低排放的建造过程,有效实现建筑业的绿色发展要求。由于装配式结构节点连接可靠性差,难以满足反复荷载下的受力要求。本文将预应力技术应用于预制装配式混凝土结构,通过节点预压连接形成整体受力节点和连续受力框架,满足结构抗震要求,使得装配式结构在地震区得以应用。
本文对2榀二层二跨预压装配式预应力混凝土框架在拟动力和拟静力试验下进行了系统的试验研究和理论分析。探讨了试验框架的动力特性、承载能力、滞回性能、截面延性及耗能能力等抗震性能。采用多种有限元分析软件对试验框架进行数值模拟和受力分析,可为预压装配式预应力混凝土框架的实际应用提供可以借鉴的方法。本文主要研究内容及成果如下。
对预压装配式框架进行水平加载拟动力试验,研究预压装配式框架的动力性能、破坏机制、变形性能、刚度退化及耗能能力等抗震性能,得到了两榀框架加载时程曲线。试验结果表明,框架层间屈服位移角实测值在1/107～1/173之间,小于《建筑抗震设计规范》混凝土框架弹塑性层间位移角1/50的限值。加载至框架屈服,残余变形很小,卸载后变形基本恢复,预压装配式结构有着很强的变形恢复能力。
对预压装配式框架进行水平加载拟静力试验,了解预压装配式框架延性特征和耗能能力,得到框架在反复荷载下的滞回曲线。框架屈服后,梁端率先出现塑性铰,柱刚度尚未出现大的退化,预压装配式框架属“强柱弱梁”型结构。由于预应力筋有较强的变形恢复能力,卸载后梁的残余变形不大。试验实测的框架各层位移延性系数在3.67-4.44之间,试验框架具有较好的延性性能。加载至最后循环,一、二层层间最大位移角分别为1/29、1/36,满足“大震不倒”的要求。框架节点由于施加了预压力并受到柱轴压力的作用处于双向受压状态,提高了节点核心区的抗裂性能,符合抗震设计“强节点”的要求。
对拟动力试验框架采用DRAIN-2DX程序中纤维梁-柱单元建立分析模型,对预压装配式框架进行弹塑性时程分析;利用MIDAS/Gen释放梁端刚域的功能,考虑装配式框架梁、柱的半刚性连接,进行预应力装配式框架动力反应分析。层间屈服位移角计算值与实测值两者较为吻合。对拟静力试验框架采用弹塑性静力Pushover分析,得到框架的基底剪力-顶点位移关系曲线和框架出现塑性铰的位置及顺序图,分析结果与实测状况基本一致。采用ANSYS程序模拟拟静力试验框架得到框架柱极限荷载,极限荷载计算值和分析值误差不大。
考虑预压装配式框架节点半刚性的影响,对其梁端截面延性和弯矩调幅系数进行了研究。导出了预压装配式PC框架梁端满足承载力要求的截面延性系数和弯矩调幅限值,给出了弯矩调幅限值建议公式,以及弯矩调幅系数限值。在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出预压装配式预应力框架结构基本设计规定、内力分析原则和抗震构造措施,为预制预应力混凝士预压装配式框架的应用提供试验依据和理论基础,以推动该结构体系在国内的应用。
The development of prefabricated concrete structure is the indispensable way for the industrialization of the building. The prefabricated structure can improve the level of mechanization, speed up the construction progress, reduce labor intensity, accomplish the low-power, low-emission construction process, and achieve the requirement of the green development of the construction industry effectively. As the reliability of the fabricated structure node connection is poor, it is difficult to meet the requirement under repeated loading force. The technology of the prestressing force in this article is applied to the prestressed fabricated concrete frame by the node prestressed connection to form the overall force node and the continuous force framework, meeting the seismic requirement and making the assembly structure applied in the earthquake zone.
In this article, the two-bay two-story double-span prestressed fabricated concrete frame under the pseudo-dynamic and quasi-static experiment is taken into the systematical test and researching along with the theoretical analysis. It studies a lot of seismic performances, such as the dynamic characteristics of the test framework, carrying capacity, revolving performance, section ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Numerical simulation and stress analysis are undertaken by using finite element analysis software in the test framework to provide practical methods for the applications of the prestressed fabricated concrete frame. The main content and results are as follows.
The prestressed fabricated concrete frame is taken into level loading to carry out the pseudo-dynamic test, and it studies a lot of seismic performance, such as the dynamic performances, failure mechanisms, deformation properties, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of the prefabricated frame. It finally concludes the two-bay framework loading-time curve. The test results show that measured values of the framework layer yield displacement angle is between1/107and1/173, which is below1/50, namely the limit displacement angle in the elastic-plastic layer between the concrete frame in "Seismic Design of Buildings".When it is loaded to the frame yielding, the residual deformation is slight. The deformation basically recovers after unloading. In other words, there is a strong deformation recovering capabilities for the prestressed fabricated structures.
The pre-fabricated frame is implemented into level loading along with the pseudo-static test. The article perceives the ductility characteristics and energy dissipation capacity of the prestressed assembly framework to get the curve of the hysteresis with the framework under the cyclic load. After the framework yields, on the beam end firstly lies the plastic hinge, and the on the column stiffness lies little degradation. The pre-fabricated frame is a "strong-pole-and-weak-beam" structure. As the prestressing tendons possess very strong deformation recovering ability, there is little residual deformation after unloading. The measured displacement ductility coefficient of the different layers in the framework is between3.67with4.44. The test framework has very good ductility. When it is loaded to the last cycle, the maximum displacement angle between the1st and the2nd layer is1/29,1/36, which can meet the requirements that an intense earthquake cannot destroy it. The frame joints under the pre-pressure and the axial compression are in the biaxial compression state, and improve the crack resistance of the core area on the nodes, which is corresponding with the requirement of the strong nodes in the seismic design.
Through using fiber beam-column element in the DRAIN-2DX program, the pseudo-dynamic test framework in taken into the analytic model and the pre-fabricated frame is taken into the nonlinear time analysis. By utilizing MIDAS/Gen that can release stiffness domain of the beam end, it considers in the assembly frame beams the semi-rigid connection of the columns and the poles, and the prestressing fabricated frame is taken into the dynamic response analysis. As for the yield displacement angle between layers, the calculated values are consistent with the measured values. Analyzing the pseudo-static test framework with the Pushover, it concludes the base shear-the vertex displacement curve and the plastic hinge location along with the sequence diagram of the framework. The analyzed result is consistent with the measured position in the framework. By the ANSYS program, it simulates the static force test frame to conclude the frame column ultimate load, and the calculated value and analyzed value for the ultimate load are almost consistent.
Considering the influence of the node semi-rigid in the prestressed fabricated frame, it studies the beam end section ductility and the moment modulation coefficient. It concludes the section ductility coefficient and the limitation of moment redistribution on the post-tensioned precast PC frame beam end to meet the capacity requirements, and gives the recommended formula for the moment modulation limit, as well as the moment modulation coefficient limit. Based on the experiment and theoretical analysis, it gives the basic design provision of the prestressed fabricated concrete frame, the analysis principles of the internal force and measures on seismic structure. It provides the experimental foundation and the theoretical basis for the application of making the prestressed fabricated concrete frame to promote the application of the structure system in our country.
本文对2榀二层二跨预压装配式预应力混凝土框架在拟动力和拟静力试验下进行了系统的试验研究和理论分析。探讨了试验框架的动力特性、承载能力、滞回性能、截面延性及耗能能力等抗震性能。采用多种有限元分析软件对试验框架进行数值模拟和受力分析,可为预压装配式预应力混凝土框架的实际应用提供可以借鉴的方法。本文主要研究内容及成果如下。
对预压装配式框架进行水平加载拟动力试验,研究预压装配式框架的动力性能、破坏机制、变形性能、刚度退化及耗能能力等抗震性能,得到了两榀框架加载时程曲线。试验结果表明,框架层间屈服位移角实测值在1/107～1/173之间,小于《建筑抗震设计规范》混凝土框架弹塑性层间位移角1/50的限值。加载至框架屈服,残余变形很小,卸载后变形基本恢复,预压装配式结构有着很强的变形恢复能力。
对预压装配式框架进行水平加载拟静力试验,了解预压装配式框架延性特征和耗能能力,得到框架在反复荷载下的滞回曲线。框架屈服后,梁端率先出现塑性铰,柱刚度尚未出现大的退化,预压装配式框架属“强柱弱梁”型结构。由于预应力筋有较强的变形恢复能力,卸载后梁的残余变形不大。试验实测的框架各层位移延性系数在3.67-4.44之间,试验框架具有较好的延性性能。加载至最后循环,一、二层层间最大位移角分别为1/29、1/36,满足“大震不倒”的要求。框架节点由于施加了预压力并受到柱轴压力的作用处于双向受压状态,提高了节点核心区的抗裂性能,符合抗震设计“强节点”的要求。
对拟动力试验框架采用DRAIN-2DX程序中纤维梁-柱单元建立分析模型,对预压装配式框架进行弹塑性时程分析;利用MIDAS/Gen释放梁端刚域的功能,考虑装配式框架梁、柱的半刚性连接,进行预应力装配式框架动力反应分析。层间屈服位移角计算值与实测值两者较为吻合。对拟静力试验框架采用弹塑性静力Pushover分析,得到框架的基底剪力-顶点位移关系曲线和框架出现塑性铰的位置及顺序图,分析结果与实测状况基本一致。采用ANSYS程序模拟拟静力试验框架得到框架柱极限荷载,极限荷载计算值和分析值误差不大。
考虑预压装配式框架节点半刚性的影响,对其梁端截面延性和弯矩调幅系数进行了研究。导出了预压装配式PC框架梁端满足承载力要求的截面延性系数和弯矩调幅限值,给出了弯矩调幅限值建议公式,以及弯矩调幅系数限值。在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出预压装配式预应力框架结构基本设计规定、内力分析原则和抗震构造措施,为预制预应力混凝士预压装配式框架的应用提供试验依据和理论基础,以推动该结构体系在国内的应用。
The development of prefabricated concrete structure is the indispensable way for the industrialization of the building. The prefabricated structure can improve the level of mechanization, speed up the construction progress, reduce labor intensity, accomplish the low-power, low-emission construction process, and achieve the requirement of the green development of the construction industry effectively. As the reliability of the fabricated structure node connection is poor, it is difficult to meet the requirement under repeated loading force. The technology of the prestressing force in this article is applied to the prestressed fabricated concrete frame by the node prestressed connection to form the overall force node and the continuous force framework, meeting the seismic requirement and making the assembly structure applied in the earthquake zone.
In this article, the two-bay two-story double-span prestressed fabricated concrete frame under the pseudo-dynamic and quasi-static experiment is taken into the systematical test and researching along with the theoretical analysis. It studies a lot of seismic performances, such as the dynamic characteristics of the test framework, carrying capacity, revolving performance, section ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Numerical simulation and stress analysis are undertaken by using finite element analysis software in the test framework to provide practical methods for the applications of the prestressed fabricated concrete frame. The main content and results are as follows.
The prestressed fabricated concrete frame is taken into level loading to carry out the pseudo-dynamic test, and it studies a lot of seismic performance, such as the dynamic performances, failure mechanisms, deformation properties, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity of the prefabricated frame. It finally concludes the two-bay framework loading-time curve. The test results show that measured values of the framework layer yield displacement angle is between1/107and1/173, which is below1/50, namely the limit displacement angle in the elastic-plastic layer between the concrete frame in "Seismic Design of Buildings".When it is loaded to the frame yielding, the residual deformation is slight. The deformation basically recovers after unloading. In other words, there is a strong deformation recovering capabilities for the prestressed fabricated structures.
The pre-fabricated frame is implemented into level loading along with the pseudo-static test. The article perceives the ductility characteristics and energy dissipation capacity of the prestressed assembly framework to get the curve of the hysteresis with the framework under the cyclic load. After the framework yields, on the beam end firstly lies the plastic hinge, and the on the column stiffness lies little degradation. The pre-fabricated frame is a "strong-pole-and-weak-beam" structure. As the prestressing tendons possess very strong deformation recovering ability, there is little residual deformation after unloading. The measured displacement ductility coefficient of the different layers in the framework is between3.67with4.44. The test framework has very good ductility. When it is loaded to the last cycle, the maximum displacement angle between the1st and the2nd layer is1/29,1/36, which can meet the requirements that an intense earthquake cannot destroy it. The frame joints under the pre-pressure and the axial compression are in the biaxial compression state, and improve the crack resistance of the core area on the nodes, which is corresponding with the requirement of the strong nodes in the seismic design.
Through using fiber beam-column element in the DRAIN-2DX program, the pseudo-dynamic test framework in taken into the analytic model and the pre-fabricated frame is taken into the nonlinear time analysis. By utilizing MIDAS/Gen that can release stiffness domain of the beam end, it considers in the assembly frame beams the semi-rigid connection of the columns and the poles, and the prestressing fabricated frame is taken into the dynamic response analysis. As for the yield displacement angle between layers, the calculated values are consistent with the measured values. Analyzing the pseudo-static test framework with the Pushover, it concludes the base shear-the vertex displacement curve and the plastic hinge location along with the sequence diagram of the framework. The analyzed result is consistent with the measured position in the framework. By the ANSYS program, it simulates the static force test frame to conclude the frame column ultimate load, and the calculated value and analyzed value for the ultimate load are almost consistent.
Considering the influence of the node semi-rigid in the prestressed fabricated frame, it studies the beam end section ductility and the moment modulation coefficient. It concludes the section ductility coefficient and the limitation of moment redistribution on the post-tensioned precast PC frame beam end to meet the capacity requirements, and gives the recommended formula for the moment modulation limit, as well as the moment modulation coefficient limit. Based on the experiment and theoretical analysis, it gives the basic design provision of the prestressed fabricated concrete frame, the analysis principles of the internal force and measures on seismic structure. It provides the experimental foundation and the theoretical basis for the application of making the prestressed fabricated concrete frame to promote the application of the structure system in our country.
引文
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