大蒜、杜仲饲料添加剂对雏鸡肠道微生物和生产性能的影响
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摘要
选用375只15日龄黄羽肉鸡，研究大蒜、杜仲单一添加及大蒜+杜仲混合添加对15～56日龄黄羽肉鸡的生产性能和肠道微生物的影响。在基础日粮中分别添加大蒜粉(3％)；杜仲粉(3％)；大蒜粉(1.5％)+杜仲粉(1.5％)；金霉素(50mg/kg)。试验分为两个阶段15～35日龄；36～56日龄。两阶段基础日粮不同，但添加的添加剂水平及种类均一致。结果表明：试验前期，大蒜、大蒜+杜仲组的平均日增重与对照组相比分别提高8.9％和6.0％，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)，与金霉素组相比分别提高4.1％和1.3％，差异不显著(P＞0.05)；试验后期，大蒜组、大蒜+杜仲组的平均日增重与对照组相比分别提高9.5％、7.9％和6.2％，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)，与金霉素组相比分别提高3.0％和1.6％，差异不显著(P＞0.05)；杜仲组与对照组相比提高3.0％，差异显著(P＜0.05)；试验全期，大蒜组、大蒜+杜仲组的平均日增重与对照组相比分别提高9.1％和6.9％，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)，与金霉素组相比分别提高7.2％和5.0％，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)。添加大蒜、杜仲等添加剂对平均日采食量、饲料效率、每公斤增重饲料成本、平均每只鸡所获毛利影响显著。其中大蒜组相比对照组和金霉素组平均日采食量分别提高6.3％和2.8％，分别差异极显著(P＜0.01)和显著(P＜0.05)；大蒜+杜仲组采食量比对照组提高4.1％，差异显著(P＜0.05)。饲料效率：与对照组相比，大蒜组在试验前期、后期和全期的料肉比分别降低2.2％、2.8％、2.5％，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)；大蒜+杜仲组在试验前期、后期和全期的料肉比分别降低2.2％、3.2％、2.5％，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)：杜仲组前期饲料效率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，后期和全期差异不显著(P＞0.05)；金霉素组前期差异不显著，后期和全期饲料效率极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)。试验期平均每只鸡所获毛利：与对照组相比，在鸡日粮中添加杜仲、金霉素可使平均每只所获毛利分别提高1.8％和4.4％，且差异显著(P＜0.05)；添加大蒜和大蒜+杜仲混合物可使平均每只鸡所获毛利分别提高6.8％和7.3％，且差异极显著(P＜0.01)。同时试验结果还表明，添加大蒜、杜仲、大蒜+杜仲的试验组，对肠道大肠杆
菌有显著抑制作用(尸<0.01或尸<0.05)，金霉素组在前期对大肠杆菌有极显著抑制作
用，后期则影响不显著。除金霉素组前期对乳酸杆菌有显著影响(尸<0.01)外，其余
各组对乳酸杆菌无显著影响(尸>.05)。上述结果表明，在黄羽肉仔鸡日粮中加入大蒜、
大蒜+杜仲可显著促进黄羽肉鸡的生长，提高采食量、饲料效率和经济效益;同时可明
显抑制肠道中大肠杆菌等致病菌的生长繁殖，改善肠道微生态环境:可利用大蒜和杜仲
作饲料添加剂取代金霉素等抗生素添加剂。
Three hundred and seventy-five yellow feather meat chicks of 15-day-old, were used to investigate the intestinal flora and performance of broiler effects respectively supplementing allum sativum (AS) , Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) andAS+EUO.
AS(3%),EUO(3% ),AS(1.5% )+EUO(1.5% )and Chlortetracycline(CTC)(50mg/kg) respectively supplemented on basic diets.The two stages experiment which the chicks were fed a different basic diet and same drug treatment were 15-3 5-day-old and 36~56-day-old.The results showed that Average Daily Gain(ADG)of AS group andAS+EUO group significantly improved respectively 8.9% and 6.0% comparing with control group (P < 0.01) in the 1st stage.it improved respectively 4.1% andl.3% comparing with CTC group which was not remarkable (P>0.05) . During the 2nd stage, ADG of AS group and AS+EUO group and CTC group significantly improved respectively 9.5%,7.9% and 6.2% comparing with the control group(P < 0.01) but it improved respectively 3.0% andl .6% comparing with CTC group which was not remarkable (P>0.05 ) .During the whole period ADG of AS group and AS+EUO group and CTC group significantly improved respectively 9.1% and 6.9% comparing with the control group (P < 0.01) .It was significantly improved respectively 7.2% and 5.0
% comparing with the CTC group (P < 0.01) .It was significantal effect for Average Feed Daily Intake( AFI),Feed Conversion Efficiency(FCE),the feed cost per kilogram weight gain and the profit a chick created by supplementing allum sativum, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. ect.Among treatments ADG of AS group improved respectively 6.2% (P < 0.01) and 2.8% (P < 0.05) comparing with the control group and CTC group; feed ingest of AS+EUO group significantly improved 4.1% comparing with the control group (P < 0.01) .The FCE of AS group was significantly reduced respectively 2.2%,2.8%,2.5% comparing with the control group (P < 0.01) in the 1st,the 2ndand the whole stage;and FCE of EUO group was higher
significantly than control group (P < 0.01) in the 1st stage,but it was not remarkable in the 2ndand the whole stage (P < 0.05) ; FCE of CTC group was not higher significantly than control groupin the 1st stage, but it was remarkable in the 2ndand the whole stage (P < 0.01) . The result of profit an chick created as follows: The profit an chick created of AS group and CTC group improved respectively 1.8% and 4.4% comparing with control group (P < 0.05) ; AS group and AS+EUO group improved respectively 6.8% and 7.3% comparing with control group (P < 0.01) .Moreover, the results showed that E.coli was inhibited significantly among the AS group , EUO group and AS+EUO group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) . CTC inhibited E.coli in rectum in 1st stage significantly (P < 0.01), but the effect was not significant in 2nd
(P >0.05) . Lactobacillus was not inhibited significantly for other test group (P > 0.05) except for by CTC in 1st stage (P < 0.01) .
In a word , the results indicated that it could increase the growth rate , the feed intake , FCE and economy benefit of broilers significantly by supplementing allum sativum (AS) , Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) and AS+EUO. what is more, E.colis upgrowth could was inhibited significantly, the flora in intestinal ameliorated; therefore, it is possible to replace antibiotics such as CTC ect.with AS and EUO as feed additive.
菌有显著抑制作用(尸<0.01或尸<0.05)，金霉素组在前期对大肠杆菌有极显著抑制作
用，后期则影响不显著。除金霉素组前期对乳酸杆菌有显著影响(尸<0.01)外，其余
各组对乳酸杆菌无显著影响(尸>.05)。上述结果表明，在黄羽肉仔鸡日粮中加入大蒜、
大蒜+杜仲可显著促进黄羽肉鸡的生长，提高采食量、饲料效率和经济效益;同时可明
显抑制肠道中大肠杆菌等致病菌的生长繁殖，改善肠道微生态环境:可利用大蒜和杜仲
作饲料添加剂取代金霉素等抗生素添加剂。
Three hundred and seventy-five yellow feather meat chicks of 15-day-old, were used to investigate the intestinal flora and performance of broiler effects respectively supplementing allum sativum (AS) , Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) andAS+EUO.
AS(3%),EUO(3% ),AS(1.5% )+EUO(1.5% )and Chlortetracycline(CTC)(50mg/kg) respectively supplemented on basic diets.The two stages experiment which the chicks were fed a different basic diet and same drug treatment were 15-3 5-day-old and 36~56-day-old.The results showed that Average Daily Gain(ADG)of AS group andAS+EUO group significantly improved respectively 8.9% and 6.0% comparing with control group (P < 0.01) in the 1st stage.it improved respectively 4.1% andl.3% comparing with CTC group which was not remarkable (P>0.05) . During the 2nd stage, ADG of AS group and AS+EUO group and CTC group significantly improved respectively 9.5%,7.9% and 6.2% comparing with the control group(P < 0.01) but it improved respectively 3.0% andl .6% comparing with CTC group which was not remarkable (P>0.05 ) .During the whole period ADG of AS group and AS+EUO group and CTC group significantly improved respectively 9.1% and 6.9% comparing with the control group (P < 0.01) .It was significantly improved respectively 7.2% and 5.0
% comparing with the CTC group (P < 0.01) .It was significantal effect for Average Feed Daily Intake( AFI),Feed Conversion Efficiency(FCE),the feed cost per kilogram weight gain and the profit a chick created by supplementing allum sativum, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. ect.Among treatments ADG of AS group improved respectively 6.2% (P < 0.01) and 2.8% (P < 0.05) comparing with the control group and CTC group; feed ingest of AS+EUO group significantly improved 4.1% comparing with the control group (P < 0.01) .The FCE of AS group was significantly reduced respectively 2.2%,2.8%,2.5% comparing with the control group (P < 0.01) in the 1st,the 2ndand the whole stage;and FCE of EUO group was higher
significantly than control group (P < 0.01) in the 1st stage,but it was not remarkable in the 2ndand the whole stage (P < 0.05) ; FCE of CTC group was not higher significantly than control groupin the 1st stage, but it was remarkable in the 2ndand the whole stage (P < 0.01) . The result of profit an chick created as follows: The profit an chick created of AS group and CTC group improved respectively 1.8% and 4.4% comparing with control group (P < 0.05) ; AS group and AS+EUO group improved respectively 6.8% and 7.3% comparing with control group (P < 0.01) .Moreover, the results showed that E.coli was inhibited significantly among the AS group , EUO group and AS+EUO group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) . CTC inhibited E.coli in rectum in 1st stage significantly (P < 0.01), but the effect was not significant in 2nd
(P >0.05) . Lactobacillus was not inhibited significantly for other test group (P > 0.05) except for by CTC in 1st stage (P < 0.01) .
In a word , the results indicated that it could increase the growth rate , the feed intake , FCE and economy benefit of broilers significantly by supplementing allum sativum (AS) , Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) and AS+EUO. what is more, E.colis upgrowth could was inhibited significantly, the flora in intestinal ameliorated; therefore, it is possible to replace antibiotics such as CTC ect.with AS and EUO as feed additive.
引文
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[3] Back N. Chemical growth promotants risks versus benefits[J]. 1988. Pigs, 9:33
[4] Gromwell G. L. Latest research on feed additives for swine disease[J]. Feedstuffs, 1987. 59 (50); 13
[5] 佟建明．饲用抗生素研究进展[J]．见：许振英，张子仪主编，动物营养研究进展．北京：中国农业出版社，1994．P255～261
[6] 单安山主编．饲料非营养调控研究与应用[M]．哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社，1999．P50～80
[7] 郑友明．抗生素饲料添加剂对仔猪促生长作用的研究[J]．畜牧兽医学报．1991，22(1)：27～31
[8] 邱建武．抗菌类药物在断奶仔猪的正确应用[J]．中国饲料．1999．(4)：11～12
[9] Rod S. Resistance transfer research designed to help maximize protect antibiotic use[J]. Feedstuffs. 1991. (4): 18
[10] 李德培．抗菌促长药物耐药和残留的危害和预防[J]．兽药与饲料添加剂．1999．(3)：19～21
[11] 陈德华．要重视肉鸡生产中的药物残留问题[J]．畜牧与兽医．1993．(3)：137
[12] 石现瑞，高峰．抗生素添加剂的负面效应及对[J]．饲料博览．2000．(3)：24～26
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