大蒜素对草鱼鱼种阶段生产性能及抗病力影响研究
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摘要
选用平均体重为308±22.6g的二龄草鱼300尾，随机分成5组，每组3个重复池；每池投放草鱼种20尾，试验期48天。试验期内各组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加80、150、250、350mg／kg大蒜素的试验日粮，以基础日粮作为对照组。试验结束后测定不同大蒜素添加水平的饲料对草鱼鱼种阶段生产性能、鱼体组成及对病原菌嗜水气单胞菌的抗感染能力-LD_(50)。
结果表明：饲料中添加大蒜素对草鱼鱼种阶段生长性能有显著影响。饲料中适宜水平的大蒜素添加量(80mg／kg)能显著促进草鱼的生长，其相对增重率达到37％，显著高于对照组的28％(P＜0.05)，较对照组和其他各处理组可提高7.13％。但当大蒜素在饲料中的添加水平过高时(＞150mg／kg)，草鱼种的生长反而受到一定程度的抑制。但与对照组相比并不表现出显著性差异(P＞0.05)。
饲料中添加不同水平的大蒜素对草鱼鱼体的大部分营养成分影响不大。但当大蒜素添加水平为80mg／kg时，能显著促进脂肪在肌肉及肠系膜上的沉积(P＜0.05)，分别比对照提高9.4％和18.4％。同时适量的大蒜素添加水平，即80mg／kg和150mg／kg饲料组还可以显著提高草鱼种对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗力(P＜0.05)，但添加量继续增大，草鱼种对嗜水气单胞菌的抗感染力反而显著减弱(P＜0.05)。
Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fingerlings (average initial weight 308?2.6g) were randomly assigned to 15 ponds (20 fingerlings for each pond) and fed with basal formulated diets supplemented with 80,150,250,350mg/kg allitridium and the basal diet as control group for 48 days. Triplicate groups were made for each kind of diets. Data for weight gain, body composition and resistance to pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila were determined and analyzed.
The study showed that the relative growth rate or the specific growth rate of the tested group with 80 mg/kg of allitridium in the diet could be significantly increased by 37% and 7-13% higher than that of the control group or other groups( PO.05). Further, the dietary with allitridium supplementation of 250-350 mg/kg even resulted in negative impact on the relative growth rate but it did not show any significant difference with that of the control group( P>0.05). As to the effect of allitridium on the body composition of Grass carp, minor differences were observed among the tested groups and control group except that the fat content in muscle as well as in the whole body fed with 80 mg/kg allitridium supplementation was significantly risen by 18.4% and 9.4% respectively than that of the control group. And Further analysis showed that the drastic increase of fat content occurred in this group was due to the deposition of mesenteric fat. Similarly, proper amount of allitridium supplementation in diet ( Group
80 mg/kg and Group 150 mg/kg ) also significantly enhance their resistance to pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila comparing with that of the control group. However, too high level of allitridium supplementation (>150mg/kg )in diets led to adverse impact on the disease resistance of Grass carp
fingerlings
结果表明：饲料中添加大蒜素对草鱼鱼种阶段生长性能有显著影响。饲料中适宜水平的大蒜素添加量(80mg／kg)能显著促进草鱼的生长，其相对增重率达到37％，显著高于对照组的28％(P＜0.05)，较对照组和其他各处理组可提高7.13％。但当大蒜素在饲料中的添加水平过高时(＞150mg／kg)，草鱼种的生长反而受到一定程度的抑制。但与对照组相比并不表现出显著性差异(P＞0.05)。
饲料中添加不同水平的大蒜素对草鱼鱼体的大部分营养成分影响不大。但当大蒜素添加水平为80mg／kg时，能显著促进脂肪在肌肉及肠系膜上的沉积(P＜0.05)，分别比对照提高9.4％和18.4％。同时适量的大蒜素添加水平，即80mg／kg和150mg／kg饲料组还可以显著提高草鱼种对嗜水气单胞菌的抵抗力(P＜0.05)，但添加量继续增大，草鱼种对嗜水气单胞菌的抗感染力反而显著减弱(P＜0.05)。
Grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fingerlings (average initial weight 308?2.6g) were randomly assigned to 15 ponds (20 fingerlings for each pond) and fed with basal formulated diets supplemented with 80,150,250,350mg/kg allitridium and the basal diet as control group for 48 days. Triplicate groups were made for each kind of diets. Data for weight gain, body composition and resistance to pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila were determined and analyzed.
The study showed that the relative growth rate or the specific growth rate of the tested group with 80 mg/kg of allitridium in the diet could be significantly increased by 37% and 7-13% higher than that of the control group or other groups( PO.05). Further, the dietary with allitridium supplementation of 250-350 mg/kg even resulted in negative impact on the relative growth rate but it did not show any significant difference with that of the control group( P>0.05). As to the effect of allitridium on the body composition of Grass carp, minor differences were observed among the tested groups and control group except that the fat content in muscle as well as in the whole body fed with 80 mg/kg allitridium supplementation was significantly risen by 18.4% and 9.4% respectively than that of the control group. And Further analysis showed that the drastic increase of fat content occurred in this group was due to the deposition of mesenteric fat. Similarly, proper amount of allitridium supplementation in diet ( Group
80 mg/kg and Group 150 mg/kg ) also significantly enhance their resistance to pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila comparing with that of the control group. However, too high level of allitridium supplementation (>150mg/kg )in diets led to adverse impact on the disease resistance of Grass carp
fingerlings
引文
1．程志斌，大蒜素的研究与应用，饲料博览，2001(12)38—40
2．田永波，大蒜素的研究与应用，饲料博览，2002(3)6—8
3．关荣发，大蒜素在动物生产中的应用及其稳定性的研究，饲料博览，2002(4)，37—39
4．傅同禄，大蒜渣预混料的研制和应用，饲料工业，1990，11(10)12-13
5．贾卫斌，大蒜素的应用研究，粮食与饲料工业，1999，(5)：31
6．王文斌，饲料中添加大蒜素精养草鱼种试验，淡水渔业，2000，30(10)：46
7．胡世杰，大蒜素作为添加剂饲养鲤鱼效果，内陆水产1999，(4)15
8．胡世亮等，大蒜素在牛蛙饲料中应用效果的研究，饲料研究2000，30(10)：46
9．科露健康网：大蒜的现代药理研究
10．刘长中，大蒜素对淡水白鲳生长影响的研究，饲料研究，2002(4)5-7
11．雍杰，大蒜素对草鱼肠炎病的防治效果，水产养殖，1994(5)7-8
12．浙江渔业信息罔；解读养殖水产品抗生素残留国际标准
13．农业部制定《无公害水产品渔用药物的使用准则》
14．黄琪琰，唐士良编《鱼病学》，上海科技出版社出版，P59-75．
15. Nutrient Requirements of Warmwater Fishes. National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C. 1977
16. Lin D, Mao Y Q, Relationship of diet and growth, Biological character and composition of pond fishes Copus of 3th forum of Chinese foodstuff and diet association, Taiyuan 1990.117-123
17. Lin D, Mao Y Q, Fish Nutrition and Formulated Diets. Guangzhong: Zhongsha University Press 1987 80-84, 135-138
18．纪家笙 等《水产品工业手册》P 590-598
19. D.P.Anderson Fish Immunology P103-114
20. Post, G. Response of Rainbow trout to antigens of Aeromonas hydrophia. Fish Journal 23 P487-494
21．王宝山编《田间试验与统计方法》 P77-81
22. Cao J. M The effect of Yuxia Ⅳ on improving efficiency of feed protein and tissue nutrient composition [J] China Feed 1997 30-31
23. Poston H. A. etc. Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon[J] J Nutrition 1976 106: 892-904
24. Gatlin D M, Wilson R, P. Dietary selenium requirement of fingerling channel catfish [J]. J Nutrition 1984, 114: 627-623
25. Lunde G. Activation analysis of trace elements in fish meal [J]. Food. and Agriculture. 1968, 19: 432-434
26. Bell J G etc. Digestibility and bioavailablitity of dietary selenium from fish meal selenium, selenomethionine and selenocystine in Atlantic salmon [J]. Aquaculture 1989, 81: 61-68
27. Gabrielsen B.O Availability of selenium in fish meal in comparison with soybean meal, corn gluten and selenomethionine relative to sodium selenite for restoring glutathione peroxide in selenium deleted Chinooks [J] J nutrition, 1980: 110: 1096-1100
28. Watanabe T etc. Trace minerals in fish nutrition [J] Aquaculture. 1997 151: 185-207
29．张宁 改善鱼肉品味的新方法．饲料研究 1999，(9)5-7
30. Aouadi R. etc Effect of garlic (Allium sativum )on lipid metabolism in male rots [J] Nutrition Research 2000 (2) 273-280
31．周兴华等．大蒜素在渔业上的应用。饲料世界2000，(10)32-33
32. Anderson D P. Immunostimulants, adjuvants and vaccine carders in fish: application to acuaculture [J] Annu Rev Fish Disease, 1992, 2: 281-307
33．郭亮，李德发 饲料免疫增强剂的研究进展[J]饲料研究2000(3) 14-17
34．饲料中添加芽孢杆菌和硒酵母对异育银鲫的生长及抗病力的影响[J]Journal of Fisheries of China Vol. 25, No.5
36. Tian Lixia etc. Effect of different types of starch on growth, the deposition of mesenteric fat and body composition of Ctenopharyngodon idellus [J] Journal of Fisheries of China Vol 26 No.3
37．余丰年 纤维素酶对团头鲂生长及饲料利用的影响[J] Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University Vol. 10 No. 1
38. Yu Yong etc. The Application of probiotic preparation to aquaculture [J] Journal of Fishery Science of China Vol 8 No.2
39．李爱华 水产养殖中使用的抗菌药物及细菌耐药性 Vol．9 No 1
40. Austin B, etc. Bacterial fish pathogens: Diseases in farmed and wild fish [M] Fishery in England 1993
41．陈四清等，中国对虾配合饲料入水后营养成份的流失及其对环境的影响[J]中国水产科学，1995，2(4)：40-47
42．杨清心，李文潮，东太湖围网养鱼后生态环境的演变[J]。中国环境科学199616(2)：101-106
43．黄子坚，蔡春芳，环保保健型水产饲料研究现状及发展对策《淡水渔业》2002第32卷第4期
44．黄安，严安生等，水产动物饲料诱食剂及其应用[J]。中国饲料，1998(14)：13-14
45．王安利，苗玉涛等，水产动物诱食剂的研究进展展 中国水产科学 Vol．9 No．3 265-267
46．张乔，苏晓欧等 饲料添加剂大全[M] 1994．6
47．张艳萍．饲料中添加大蒜素对鱼类生长的作用[J]．科学养鱼 1997(11)：39
48．杨先乐，无公害渔业《淡水渔业》2001年第31卷第3期3-6
49．董在杰，硒与鱼类营养[J]上海水产大学学报 Vol 9，No．3，247-251
50．魏文志，杨志强等，饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响《淡水渔业》 Vol. 31 No．3
2．田永波，大蒜素的研究与应用，饲料博览，2002(3)6—8
3．关荣发，大蒜素在动物生产中的应用及其稳定性的研究，饲料博览，2002(4)，37—39
4．傅同禄，大蒜渣预混料的研制和应用，饲料工业，1990，11(10)12-13
5．贾卫斌，大蒜素的应用研究，粮食与饲料工业，1999，(5)：31
6．王文斌，饲料中添加大蒜素精养草鱼种试验，淡水渔业，2000，30(10)：46
7．胡世杰，大蒜素作为添加剂饲养鲤鱼效果，内陆水产1999，(4)15
8．胡世亮等，大蒜素在牛蛙饲料中应用效果的研究，饲料研究2000，30(10)：46
9．科露健康网：大蒜的现代药理研究
10．刘长中，大蒜素对淡水白鲳生长影响的研究，饲料研究，2002(4)5-7
11．雍杰，大蒜素对草鱼肠炎病的防治效果，水产养殖，1994(5)7-8
12．浙江渔业信息罔；解读养殖水产品抗生素残留国际标准
13．农业部制定《无公害水产品渔用药物的使用准则》
14．黄琪琰，唐士良编《鱼病学》，上海科技出版社出版，P59-75．
15. Nutrient Requirements of Warmwater Fishes. National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C. 1977
16. Lin D, Mao Y Q, Relationship of diet and growth, Biological character and composition of pond fishes Copus of 3th forum of Chinese foodstuff and diet association, Taiyuan 1990.117-123
17. Lin D, Mao Y Q, Fish Nutrition and Formulated Diets. Guangzhong: Zhongsha University Press 1987 80-84, 135-138
18．纪家笙 等《水产品工业手册》P 590-598
19. D.P.Anderson Fish Immunology P103-114
20. Post, G. Response of Rainbow trout to antigens of Aeromonas hydrophia. Fish Journal 23 P487-494
21．王宝山编《田间试验与统计方法》 P77-81
22. Cao J. M The effect of Yuxia Ⅳ on improving efficiency of feed protein and tissue nutrient composition [J] China Feed 1997 30-31
23. Poston H. A. etc. Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon[J] J Nutrition 1976 106: 892-904
24. Gatlin D M, Wilson R, P. Dietary selenium requirement of fingerling channel catfish [J]. J Nutrition 1984, 114: 627-623
25. Lunde G. Activation analysis of trace elements in fish meal [J]. Food. and Agriculture. 1968, 19: 432-434
26. Bell J G etc. Digestibility and bioavailablitity of dietary selenium from fish meal selenium, selenomethionine and selenocystine in Atlantic salmon [J]. Aquaculture 1989, 81: 61-68
27. Gabrielsen B.O Availability of selenium in fish meal in comparison with soybean meal, corn gluten and selenomethionine relative to sodium selenite for restoring glutathione peroxide in selenium deleted Chinooks [J] J nutrition, 1980: 110: 1096-1100
28. Watanabe T etc. Trace minerals in fish nutrition [J] Aquaculture. 1997 151: 185-207
29．张宁 改善鱼肉品味的新方法．饲料研究 1999，(9)5-7
30. Aouadi R. etc Effect of garlic (Allium sativum )on lipid metabolism in male rots [J] Nutrition Research 2000 (2) 273-280
31．周兴华等．大蒜素在渔业上的应用。饲料世界2000，(10)32-33
32. Anderson D P. Immunostimulants, adjuvants and vaccine carders in fish: application to acuaculture [J] Annu Rev Fish Disease, 1992, 2: 281-307
33．郭亮，李德发 饲料免疫增强剂的研究进展[J]饲料研究2000(3) 14-17
34．饲料中添加芽孢杆菌和硒酵母对异育银鲫的生长及抗病力的影响[J]Journal of Fisheries of China Vol. 25, No.5
36. Tian Lixia etc. Effect of different types of starch on growth, the deposition of mesenteric fat and body composition of Ctenopharyngodon idellus [J] Journal of Fisheries of China Vol 26 No.3
37．余丰年 纤维素酶对团头鲂生长及饲料利用的影响[J] Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University Vol. 10 No. 1
38. Yu Yong etc. The Application of probiotic preparation to aquaculture [J] Journal of Fishery Science of China Vol 8 No.2
39．李爱华 水产养殖中使用的抗菌药物及细菌耐药性 Vol．9 No 1
40. Austin B, etc. Bacterial fish pathogens: Diseases in farmed and wild fish [M] Fishery in England 1993
41．陈四清等，中国对虾配合饲料入水后营养成份的流失及其对环境的影响[J]中国水产科学，1995，2(4)：40-47
42．杨清心，李文潮，东太湖围网养鱼后生态环境的演变[J]。中国环境科学199616(2)：101-106
43．黄子坚，蔡春芳，环保保健型水产饲料研究现状及发展对策《淡水渔业》2002第32卷第4期
44．黄安，严安生等，水产动物饲料诱食剂及其应用[J]。中国饲料，1998(14)：13-14
45．王安利，苗玉涛等，水产动物诱食剂的研究进展展 中国水产科学 Vol．9 No．3 265-267
46．张乔，苏晓欧等 饲料添加剂大全[M] 1994．6
47．张艳萍．饲料中添加大蒜素对鱼类生长的作用[J]．科学养鱼 1997(11)：39
48．杨先乐，无公害渔业《淡水渔业》2001年第31卷第3期3-6
49．董在杰，硒与鱼类营养[J]上海水产大学学报 Vol 9，No．3，247-251
50．魏文志，杨志强等，饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响《淡水渔业》 Vol. 31 No．3