粉煤灰渣路面混凝土的路用性能研究
摘要
目前,我国燃煤电厂和低热值电厂每年排放的粉煤灰高达3亿吨以上,占全国固体废弃物总排放量的40%,其年利用率约为66%。粉煤灰利用率较高的地区主要集中在大城市及沿海发达地区,而内陆地区中小燃煤电厂的湿排粉煤灰(包括粉煤灰渣)利用率普遍较低,每年需耗费巨资建设堆放场地,不仅占用大量农田,还严重污染环境,造成生态破坏。
本文依托重庆市科技项目《粉煤灰渣在干道公路及农村公路中的应用研究》,将重庆市綦江县安稳电厂排放的粉煤灰渣应用于公路工程建设中,进行了科学研究。从粉煤灰的活性激发、水化特性着手,分析了粉煤灰的物理、化学特性及粉煤灰渣混凝土的水化机理;选用綦江安稳电厂排放的粉煤灰渣,采用不同掺量的生石灰与多种化学激发剂分别激发粉煤灰渣的活性,分析生石灰掺量对粉煤灰渣活性的影响,并得出了经济合理的生石灰掺量;通过16组低掺量及20组高掺量粉煤渣混凝土的室内配合比试验,分析粉煤灰渣混凝土的工作性能、物理力学性能,提出了适合不同交通等级道路的路面混凝土推荐配合比;对不同掺量粉煤灰渣混凝土的耐久性进行了试验与分析研究,为粉煤灰渣混凝土的推广应用提供科学依据。
本文研究表明,通过合理激发与配比选择,粉煤灰渣可用于公路路面混凝土的建设,在粉煤灰渣取代率为10%~15%及适量水泥掺量下,混凝土的抗折强度可达到重载交通量或中等交通量道路的要求;粉煤灰渣掺量为100~150kg/m3及适量水泥掺量下,混凝土的抗折强度可满足农村小交通量道路的要求;采用粉煤灰渣修筑路面混凝土,可以节约水泥用量。
通过经济性分析,利用工业废渣——粉煤灰渣修筑公路路面混凝土,在同等水平条件下,能够节约材料成本7%以上,具有一定的经济效益,且能实现资源的再利用、减少耕地的占用、生态环境的保护等多重社会效益。.
Currently, in China, fly ash emitted from coal-fired power plants and low-heat value power plants is mroe than 30 million tons, which accounts for 40% of the total solid waste discharge and 66% of the annual utilization ratio. The utilization of fly ash is mainly concentrated in big cities and developed coastal areas. The use of wet fly ash, including fly-ash-residue, from small and medium size coal-fired power plants is low in the inland areas. Stacking waste requires large funds to develop the ground which not only requires vast stretches of cultivated land but is also harmful to the environment.
This thesis is based on the Chongqing science and technology project—the research of the fly-ash-residue application in the trunk and rural highway construction which focus on the application of the fly-ash-residue emitted from Anwen Power plant in Chongqing Qijiang county in the road construction. In this paper, it has analyzed the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash, and the hydration mechanism of the fly-ash-residue concrete starting on the activation and hydration characteristics of the fly-ash-residue. The economic and reasonable lime mixing amout and its effect on the fly-ash-residue were worked out by activing the activity of the fly-ash-residue separately when blending some different kinds of chemical activator in different mixing amount of the quick lime. This paper putted forward the mixing ration of the pavement concrete in different classic road by the experiment with blending the 16 low-volume and 20 high-volume fly-ash-residue concrete that analyzed the working performance , physical and mechanical properties of the fly ash concrete. The study on the durability of the different mixing amout fly-ash-residue concrete provided a scientific basis for application of the fly-ash-residue.
This paper indicated that the fly-ash-residue can be used into the pavement concrete construction when activated reasonably in a rational proportion. The flexural strength of the concrete can meet the needs of heavy traffic and middle traffic valume and the when the fly-ash-residue replacement rate is 10%~15% mixing reasonable cement content and the light traffice volume when the fly ash mixing amout is 100~150kg/m3 mixing reasonable cement content. The cement can be saved if the fly ash was adopted in the concrete.
Economic analysis on the fly ash used in the pavement concrete construction shows that it can save 7% of the cost under the same situation which can create a high economic benefit. The use of the fly-ash-residue can also achieve great social benefit by recycling the resources, lessening the occupation of the arable land, protecting the environment and so on.
本文依托重庆市科技项目《粉煤灰渣在干道公路及农村公路中的应用研究》,将重庆市綦江县安稳电厂排放的粉煤灰渣应用于公路工程建设中,进行了科学研究。从粉煤灰的活性激发、水化特性着手,分析了粉煤灰的物理、化学特性及粉煤灰渣混凝土的水化机理;选用綦江安稳电厂排放的粉煤灰渣,采用不同掺量的生石灰与多种化学激发剂分别激发粉煤灰渣的活性,分析生石灰掺量对粉煤灰渣活性的影响,并得出了经济合理的生石灰掺量;通过16组低掺量及20组高掺量粉煤渣混凝土的室内配合比试验,分析粉煤灰渣混凝土的工作性能、物理力学性能,提出了适合不同交通等级道路的路面混凝土推荐配合比;对不同掺量粉煤灰渣混凝土的耐久性进行了试验与分析研究,为粉煤灰渣混凝土的推广应用提供科学依据。
本文研究表明,通过合理激发与配比选择,粉煤灰渣可用于公路路面混凝土的建设,在粉煤灰渣取代率为10%~15%及适量水泥掺量下,混凝土的抗折强度可达到重载交通量或中等交通量道路的要求;粉煤灰渣掺量为100~150kg/m3及适量水泥掺量下,混凝土的抗折强度可满足农村小交通量道路的要求;采用粉煤灰渣修筑路面混凝土,可以节约水泥用量。
通过经济性分析,利用工业废渣——粉煤灰渣修筑公路路面混凝土,在同等水平条件下,能够节约材料成本7%以上,具有一定的经济效益,且能实现资源的再利用、减少耕地的占用、生态环境的保护等多重社会效益。.
Currently, in China, fly ash emitted from coal-fired power plants and low-heat value power plants is mroe than 30 million tons, which accounts for 40% of the total solid waste discharge and 66% of the annual utilization ratio. The utilization of fly ash is mainly concentrated in big cities and developed coastal areas. The use of wet fly ash, including fly-ash-residue, from small and medium size coal-fired power plants is low in the inland areas. Stacking waste requires large funds to develop the ground which not only requires vast stretches of cultivated land but is also harmful to the environment.
This thesis is based on the Chongqing science and technology project—the research of the fly-ash-residue application in the trunk and rural highway construction which focus on the application of the fly-ash-residue emitted from Anwen Power plant in Chongqing Qijiang county in the road construction. In this paper, it has analyzed the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash, and the hydration mechanism of the fly-ash-residue concrete starting on the activation and hydration characteristics of the fly-ash-residue. The economic and reasonable lime mixing amout and its effect on the fly-ash-residue were worked out by activing the activity of the fly-ash-residue separately when blending some different kinds of chemical activator in different mixing amount of the quick lime. This paper putted forward the mixing ration of the pavement concrete in different classic road by the experiment with blending the 16 low-volume and 20 high-volume fly-ash-residue concrete that analyzed the working performance , physical and mechanical properties of the fly ash concrete. The study on the durability of the different mixing amout fly-ash-residue concrete provided a scientific basis for application of the fly-ash-residue.
This paper indicated that the fly-ash-residue can be used into the pavement concrete construction when activated reasonably in a rational proportion. The flexural strength of the concrete can meet the needs of heavy traffic and middle traffic valume and the when the fly-ash-residue replacement rate is 10%~15% mixing reasonable cement content and the light traffice volume when the fly ash mixing amout is 100~150kg/m3 mixing reasonable cement content. The cement can be saved if the fly ash was adopted in the concrete.
Economic analysis on the fly ash used in the pavement concrete construction shows that it can save 7% of the cost under the same situation which can create a high economic benefit. The use of the fly-ash-residue can also achieve great social benefit by recycling the resources, lessening the occupation of the arable land, protecting the environment and so on.
引文
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[3]秦能网.粉煤灰综合利用技术.节能减排.2007.7
[4]党玉栋,乔墩,王庆珍.粉煤灰电石渣在农村公路建设中的应用[J].粉煤灰.2008(5).24-26
[5] Keck Roy H.,Riggs Eugene H..Specifying fly ash for Durable Concrete[J].Concrete Internatioenl.1997.19(4)
[6] Tuncer B.Edil M.ASCE,Hector A.Acosta M.ASCE,Craig H.Benson M.ASCE.Stabilizing Soft Fine-Grained Soils with Fly ash[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.ASCE.2006(3、4).283
[7] T.R.Naik,B.W.Ramme,J.H.Tews.Use of High Volumes of Class C and Class Fly ash in Concrete[J].Cement,Concrete and Aggregate.1996.16(1).12-20
[8] Ferenc D.Tamas.Electrical conductivity of cement pastes[J].Cem.Concr.Res.1982.12(1)
[9]董长义,于文江.湿排粉煤灰砂浆强度试验与应用[J].施工技术.1994.23(1).38-39
[10]尹红峰.提高湿排粉煤灰活性的研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用.1993(2).62-66
[11]蒋亚清,王洪波.湿排粉煤灰的活化与应用[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2000,14(4):23-25
[12]钱觉时,肖保怀,袁江,王智.粉煤灰—石灰—硫酸盐系统[J].新型建筑材料.1998(8).19-21
[13]鄢朝勇.用低等级粉煤灰制造高活性粉煤灰胶凝材料的研究[J].国外建材科技.2003.24(6).50-51
[14]帖智武.基于可持续发展理念的湿排粉煤灰混凝土的应用研究[硕士论文].西安.长安大学.2005.6
[15]吴兆琦.第四届北京水泥与混凝土会议(BISSC)主报告简介[J].硅酸盐通报.1999(2)
[16]王立刚,朱曦光.我国粉煤灰资源利用现状及今后发展重点[J].能源与环保.1999(4).4-6
[17]王书云.粉煤灰混凝土配合比研究[硕士论文].济南.山东大学.2005.6
[18]宋建明.粉煤灰砂浆胶结料研究—胶结料组成及其性能[J].福建建材.2002(2).8-11
[19]吴传明,侯鹏坤等.湿排粉煤灰活性影响因素试验[J].重庆大学学报.2009.32(6).643-647
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准.《用于水泥和混凝土中粉煤灰》(GB/T 1596-2005)[S]
[21]姚燕,王玲,田培.高性能混凝土[M].北京.化学工业出版社.2006.9
[22]冯乃谦.高性能混凝土[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社.1996.8
[23]钱觉时.粉煤灰特性与粉煤灰混凝土[M].北京.科学出版社.1998
[24]张涛.PLS胶凝材料及其混凝土路用性能的研究[硕士论文].重庆.重庆交通大学.2008.4
[25] H.F.W.Taylor.Cement chemistry[M].London.Thomas Telford.1997
[26]申爱琴.水泥及水泥混凝土[M].北京.人民交通出版社.2000.4
[27]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路工程水泥及水泥混凝土试验规程(JTG E30-2005)[S]
[28]中华人民共和国行业标准.混凝土用水标准(JGJ63-2006)[S]
[29]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路工程集料试验规程(JTG E42-2005)[S]
[30]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路水泥混凝土路面施工规范(JTG F30-2003)[S]
[31]李立寒,张南鹭.道路建筑材料[M].北京.人民交通出版社.2005.8
[32] E.Schiele,L.W.Berens著.陆华,武洞明译.石灰[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社.1981.4
[33]王智.粉煤灰活性激发基本系统中石灰因素的研究[硕士学位论文].重庆.重庆建筑大学.1998.6
[34]焦宝祥,钟白茜.激发剂对粉煤灰—Ca(OH)2系统性能的影响[J].粉煤灰综合利用.2001(1).7-10
[35]肖保怀.常温常压粉煤灰活性激发的基本系统及其适应性研究[硕士学位论文].重庆.重庆建筑大学.1996.12
[36]袁润章.胶凝材料学[M].武汉.武汉理工大学出版社.1996.10
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