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吉林亚泰集团投资价值分析报告
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  • 英文题名:The Analysis on Investment Value for YATAI Group
  • 作者:尹航
  • 论文级别:硕士
  • 学科专业名称:工商管理
  • 学位年度:2004
  • 导师:王克敏
  • 学科代码:120202
  • 学位授予单位:吉林大学
  • 论文提交日期:2004-05-01
摘要
证券市场的理性投资越来越受到广大投资者的推崇,推动了上市公司财务分析的发展。由于是否能够对上市公司财务报表进行科学合理的分析,关系到投资者的投资成败,因此人们一直在探索有效的分析模式。本文将传统的财务比率分析与现金比率分析相结合,对上市公司亚泰集团进行投资价值分析,旨在帮助公司财务报表使用者了解企业财务及经营状况,同时为其它上市公司的投资价值分析提供一个可参考的有效分析模式。
    在吉林省上市公司整体业绩下滑的同时,亚泰集团始终保持着旺盛的发展势头,其投资价值分析对于该企业的长期经营战略与长期财务决策的制定具有重要的理论意义和实践意义,同时对广大投资者的投资决策具有重要参考价值。
    第一,运用比较分析法及趋势分析法对亚泰集团三大财务报表进行会计分析。
    1. 对资产的分析结果显示,亚泰一直处于扩张阶段,固定资产的比重逐年大幅上升;存货所占比重较大,影响到流动资产的质量;长期股权投资近年有所增加,但收益情况较差。
    2. 对负债的分析结果表明,企业长期负债比例明显增长,负债率较高。
    3. 对利润分配表的分析结果表明,主营业务收入的增长明显小于成本及费用的增长速度,直接导致了净利润的增长率减小,并且,在2001年出现了上市以来的首次负增长。
    4. 对现金流量表的分析结果表明,亚泰集团的净现金流量非常不理想,能够形成正的净现金流完全依赖于筹资。
    第二,对报表进行财务比率分析。将现金比率与传统的财务比率相结合,得出结论:
    1. 该公司的短期偿债能力较行业平均水平稍强。
    2. 该公司的资产负债率偏高,现金类偿债能力比率显示长期偿债能力不稳定。该公司通过兼并,在1997年——2000年获得了停息、免息的政策,如果公司以后不再享受该政策,势必会增加财务负担。如果不能产生稳定的现金流,有导致财务危机的风险,对公司的发展非常不利。
    3. 该公司的盈利能力较强,处于行业的中上游水平,受现金流的影响,收益质量下降,2002年得到较好改善。
    4. 该公司具有一定的成长性,但增长有一定的周期性,增长率高的年份正
    
    
    好就是扩建项目完成并投入生产的年份;而增长率低的年份就是项目建设期;公司的现金非常不充足,必须通过对外融资才能保证正常运营。
    第三,运用杜邦分析法,对报表进行综合财务分析。由分析得出结论,导致权益净利率下降的主要原因是主营收入的增长小于费用、成本、固定资产的增长,以及存货周转不灵。指出存货的构成及形成原因,提出改善现状的关键在于提高成品房的销售率。
    第四,运用统计学模型,分析亚泰集团的资本成本,比较资本成本与资产净利率和权益净利率的关系,得出结论,资本成本较高,制约了企业的发展绩效。
    第五,评价亚泰集团的投资决策。笔者认为,亚泰的投资决策无疑是正确的,投资的前景非常乐观,但在执行过程中存在着不足。从年报数据可以得知,亚泰集团从事水泥生产业务的子公司吉林亚泰水泥有限公司及主要从事房地产开发业务的子公司吉林亚泰房地产开发有限公司2001年度的毛利率分别为50.07%及35.04%,而2002年度毛利率分别为46.36%及26.02%。均有所下降。房地产产生的主营收入在2001年出现大幅下降,同时伴随着商品房存货的上升。此外,销售净利率2000年为16.52%,2001年为10.29%,2002年为8.28%,下降趋势明显。毛利率下降有其客观原因,即水泥市场价格下降,而建筑材料的成本又上升。但是,净利率为什么下降如此之快呢。公司在管理上是否存在纰漏,或者是在销售环节存在问题呢?由于信息获取的局限性,上述问题无从证实。从存货构成可以获知,房地产开发的速度远远大于成品房销售的速度,直接导致了亚泰资金紧张的局面。投资决策是正确的,但对需求预测不足,导致投资规模过大,产品积压,资金回笼时间延长。
    第五,从投资者的角度分析亚泰集团的投资价值。笔者认为,公司股票现价被低估,具有投资价值
    通过以上分析,笔者找出了亚泰目前存在的问题,为公司如何提高收益率提出了建议:一是改善现有不利的售房渠道,提高成品房销售率,改善净现金流量低的现状;二是在项目开发前做好需求预测,以防供大于求;三是改善资本结构,做好筹资前的资本成本测算,降低资本成本。
    本文运用现金比率,弥补了单纯使用传统财务比率的不足,发现了传统财务比率无法分析出来的结果,证实了两种方法相结合的优势,实现了本文开始写作的初衷。希望能对其他上市公司分析有所帮助。
The rational investment of security market is attracting more and more interesting of investor, which advance the novel development of financial affairs analysis of marketable company. Reasonable science analysis to financial statements of marketable company is the key element for successful investment, thus an efficiency analysis model is still expecting.
    In this paper a novel method is applied. Combining the finance ratio and cash ratio, investment value analysis for marketable company YATAI is used to help financial statements user to recognize the financial situation and management performance. Meanwhile it also provides a referenced valuable analysis model for the investment analysis of other marketable company.
    While whole performance is dropping down, YATAI is still keeping the up-going development tendency. Its investment analysis makes a great theory and practice sense for policy decision of long period management and finance. Moreover it is also valuable for investor for reference.
    Firstly, make an accountancy analysis to three financial statements of YATAI using comparison analysis method and tendency analysis method. With analysis of asset, it can be known that YATAI is still in an expanding stage whose ratio of fixed assets has a big jump in present years; the inventory ratio is also great, and it will affect the quality of assets; the long-period equity investment is increasing obviously, however the earning is not good. With analysis of liability, it can be observed that proportion of long-period liability is still increasing, and ratio of liability is high. Similarly with analysis of statement of profit distribution, we can know that the increasing of main business income is obviously less than that of cost and charge. That directly results in the decreasing of increasing ratio of net income. Furthermore the first negative increasing is occurred in 2001 since marketing. With analysis of cash flow, the net cash flow is not ideal, and true cash flow depends completely on fund raising.
    Second, with ration analysis of financial statements, combining the cash ratio and traditional financial ratio, one conclusion can be obtained: The short-term ability to repay is not strong; liability ratio seems a little high; the ratio of ability to cash repay appears instability for a long term. This company acquired a non-interest policy though company merger. If this policy can not be kept, financial load will become heavy. If the stable cash flow does not exit, it will hold a risk of financial crisis. That will be harmful for development of company; the profit ability of this company seems strong. It is probably located on a middle-high level in the same trade. With the effect of cash flow, the quality of profit is going down. It can be though as that this company has a big potential, however it is periodic. It has a good increasing ratio usually when the new project is finished. Otherwise when a project is going on the increasing ratio is lower. In which stage the cash is not enough, and
    
    
    some funds circulation has to be done to keep the normal operation.
    Thirdly. General finance analysis to statement using DUBANG analysis method. The conclusion is: The main reason that leads to dropping of net profit is that the increasing of main business income is less than that of cost, charge and fixed assets. The other reason is inventory circulation is not good. The key element of improving the current situation is increasing the sale ratio of real estate.
    Fourthly, analyze the funds costs of YATAI using statistic model, and compare the costs and net profit, one conclusion is obtained that the high costs limit the development.
    Fifthly, evaluate the investment decision of YATAI. The investment decision is true, the perspective is optimistic, however there exits some drawback during operation. From the data of annual report, the gross profit of the subsidiary companies of YATAI, which engage in the cement manufacture and subsidiary company which engage in real estate development, are 50.07%, 35.04% i
引文
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