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动态矩阵预测控制算法在甲醇汽油生产过程控制中的应用研究
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摘要
大型化、复杂化、高度自动化是现代工业生产的一个重要发展趋势。当前,工业过程趋近于复杂化,设备结构和生产工艺更加复杂,而且控制回路的要求更加严格,一系列棘手的问题随之涌现出来,强耦合、大时滞、非线性、控制目标多、数学模型难建立以及众多不确定性,这样就提出了更高的控制要求——高效安全、优质低耗。目前在工业控制系统广泛使用的是集散控制系统,它的核心部分仍然为简单的PID算法,不能很好地解决现代工业生产过程暴露出来的新问题。为了满足现代工业的发展要求,本文对集散控制系统中常用的算法进行了改进研究,以提高现代工业的控制水平。
     本文对动态矩阵预测控制算法进行了分析和仿真,将其和常规PID的仿真结果进行对比,分析结果表明DMC算法对于解决大时滞、强耦合、非线性等问题有明显的优势。基于陕西宝姜新能源有限公司的甲醇汽油项目,提出了该项目控制系统的设计方法和步骤。探讨将先进控制算法应用到集散控制系统中的基本方案,并将动态矩阵预测控制算法应用到集散控制系统中。文章的主要工作和总结如下:
     (1)对动态预测控制算法(DMC)的三个特点——预测模型、滚动优化、反馈校正进行了分析,提出了DMC算法的主要特征和优点。以单变量DMC算法为例,进行了仿真研究。将DMC算法和PID算法仿真的结果进行对比。
     (2)以PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)为系统的控制中心,利用西门子STEP7软件完成DCS监控系统的硬件组态和程序设计,西门子WINCC组态软件实现了系统的可视化操作及实时监控。
     (3)针对我国工控领域先进控制算法不能广泛应用到实际工业过程控制的状况,把研究重点放在如何将先进控制算法成功应用于集散控制系统。由于动态矩阵预测控制算法控制精度高、强抗干扰性、鲁棒性等特点,结合陕西宝姜新能源有限公司的甲醇汽油项目具体特点,选择将动态矩阵预测控制算法应用到甲醇汽油的生产过程中,对控制系统进行仿真,取得了较好的效果,并将其应用在实际项目中,获得良好的控制效果,提高了系统的控制水平。
     (4)根据甲醇汽油项目提供的生产要求,设计监控系统,通过对系统整体设计、编写程序、现场调试等,能够实现对罐区的高液位报警、可燃气浓度超限报警等顺序控制,以及对自动调和系统实现自动比例调和等控制任务,最终平稳运行,达到了系统控制要求。
Large-scale, complexity, high degree automation is an importantdevelopment trend in the modern industry. At present, industrial process isapproaching to more complicate. Equipment structure and production processbecome more complicate, and there are many demanding important controlcircuit. As a result, strong coupling, large time delay, nonlinear, many controltargets, hard to set up mathematical model and many uncertainty, a series ofthorny issues also emerge. Thus the higher control requirements, as highefficiency, safety, low cost and good quality, are put forward. The distributedcontrol system is the most widely used computer control system, whose corestill is simple PID algorithm, who can’t deal with the new problems exposing inmodern industrial production process. To satisfy the developing requires ofmodern industry, the paper focus on the improvement of algorithm usually usedin distributed control system, in order to improve modern industry control level.
     Analyzed and simulated the dynamic matrix predictive control algorithm inthe paper, compared its simulation result with conventional PID simulation,which reflected the DMC algorithm obvious advantage for solving large delayand strong coupling, nonlinear problems. Based on the methanol gasolineproject from Shaanxi Baojiang New Energy Limited Company, the designmethods and steps were put forward. The basic plan of advanced controlalgorithm used in distributed control system was discussed. And the DMCalgorithm was used in distributed control system. The results were as follows:
     (1) It analyzed the three characteristic of DMC (predictive model, rollingoptimization, feedback adjustment), introduced the essential characteristic andadvantage. Took single variable DMC algorithm as an example, simulated anddid research on it, and then contrasted the simulation result of DMC algorithm and PID algorithm.
     (2) PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) as the center of control systemand used Siemens STEP7software to complete the hardware configuration andprogram design of monitoring system of DCS. And Siemens WINCCconfiguration software was adopted to realize the system visualization operationand real-time monitoring.
     (3) In our country’s industrial field, advanced control algorithm couldn’t bewidely applied to the actual industrial process control. As to this problem, theresearch focused on how the advanced control algorithm was successfully usedin distributed control system. As Dynamic Matrix Predictive Control algorithmhad the high control precision, anti-interference, robustness and othercharacteristics, and considering the specific characteristics of the methanolgasoline project from Shaanxi Baojiang New Energy Limited Company,selected Dynamic Matrix Predictive Control algorithm and applied it inmethanol gasoline production process. It could obtain good control effect insimulation. So applied it to methanol gasoline production process controlsystem, and the control system simulation obtained a better effect, whichimproved the control level control.
     (4) According to the production requirements supplied by the methanolgasoline project, and through the overall system design, programming,debugging and so on, realized the tank farm high level warning, gasconcentration overrun alert sequence control, as well as to adjustable oil systemrealization of automatic harmonic proportion control task, ultimately runningsmoothly, achieved system control requirements.
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