支持机械产品概念设计的功能知识聚类方法研究
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摘要
概念设计是机械产品开发周期中具有决定性意义的阶段。研究者指出概念设计是计算机辅助设计(CAD)的重要任务:概念设计对加工制造产品质量有很大影响,在概念设计阶段所生成的方案会影响基本的产品形状和材料选择。在接下来的细节设计阶段,任何针对概念设计所产生缺陷的修改或者妥协都变得极为困难甚至是不可能的。很多加工工艺(如浇铸、铸造和车工)都间接的由概念设计阶段所决定。缩短产品研发时间并能开发既满足市场需求又具备创新性的产品成了企业制胜的关键。传统的基于实例的设计方法虽然能够大幅度的提高概念设计的效率,但是由于在实例检索和实例修改阶段仅局限在本领域的实例模型中,因而对概念设计中的创新性需求缺乏有效支持。
本课题通过研究概念设计的特点,采用知识工程的相关技术,从剖析产品功能的角度,提出基于功能知识聚类的计算机辅助概念设计方法。本课题主要的研究成果有:
1.提出了概念设计中的功能知识模型建立方法。通过分析概念设计阶段所能获取的信息如设计需求、物理约束、设计经验等,提出了基于约束的功能知识模型(Constrained Functional Knowledge Model,CFKM)建模方法。该方法主要针对功能和结构这两类关键设计要素进行知识表示,并将两者的映射关系通过基于OWL的本体语言关联起来,从而建立基于约束的功能结构映射模型。
2.提出了约束功能知识模型的语义相似度聚类方法。建立了功能谓词的标准语义模型,提出了语义相似度的概念和计算方法。开发了基于语义相似度的模糊逻辑语义聚类算法。构建了模糊语义计算模型来解决术语冲突问题。
3.提出了约束功能知识模型的结构特征约束协同聚类( Collaborative Clustering)方法。研究了结构特征约束的数据类型包括语义型、二进制型、数值型和模糊型等。并对各种数据类型对应的距离计算方法进行了深入研究。提出了在多特征约束共同作用情况下的协同距离概念,通过定义协同因子来获得多特征约束的协同距离。开发了基于协同相似度的结构特征约束聚类算法,并用小样本数据进行了验证。
4.提出了基于结构相容度分析的概念解空间约减策略。提出了通过结构组合来生成初始概念解空间的方法。定义了基于全局约束的结构相容度指数(Compatability Index)的概念,以此作为结构相容度的定量分析指标。采用模糊多目标判定作为相容度定性分析指标。通过综合定性和定量分析的结果,对初始概念解空间进行约减,从而得到可用概念解空间,最后进一步得到以概念图表示的设计解方案。
5.实例分析和系统应用。开发了基于约束功能知识模型的辅助概念设计系统软件,以多模态分子医学影像设备的概念设计为例,验证了本文所提出的理论方法的有效性。
Conceptual design is a crucial task in mechanical product development cycle. Researchers have pointed out that conceptual design is extremely important in computer-aided design but it is difficult to carry out. Conceptual design has massive impact on manufacturing and product quality. Many manufacturing processes (such as molding, casting and machining) are predetermined indirectly by conceptual design stage. The concept generated at the conceptual design stage will influence basic product shape and material selection. In the following detail design, it is impossible to compromise or correct any poor design that comes from previous stage. In nowadays industrialized society, resources and equipment are geographically distributed as well as knowledge and expertise. To keep up the competency of enterprises, shorten product development timelines and develop creative product for the market are of critical importance. Traditional case based design methodology has largely increased the design efficiency. The drawback of case based design is that it lacks effective support for design creativity due to its single disciplinary nature. During case retrieval and case modification, the work is done within one area and one area alone. Thus it is necessary to develop a new design method that could ultilize multidisciplinary knowledge.
My research is grounded on the characteristics of conceptual design, utilizing related technology of knowledge-based engineering to propose a computer-aided intelligent design approach based on functional knowledge clustering. Major research achievements are as follows:
1. Propose a constrained functional knowledge model (CFKM) for function knowledge in conceptual design. The model is based on the information obtained in conceptual design stage such as design requirements, physical constrains, design experience and etc. The knowledge modeling focuses on two major design elements which are function and structure; apply OWL ontological language to establish the mapping relations between them as well as constrains.
2. Propose a functional semantic clustering approach for CFKM. Build up a semantic model for function predicates in CFKM; develop a semantic clustering algorithm based on semantic similarity of function predicates. Construct fuzzy linguistic computation model to resolve terms conflict.
3. Propose a collaborative clustering approach of structural constrains for CFKM. Define collaborative similarity of structural constrains by analyzing different constrain types and their corresponding data categories. Propose a collaborative fuzzy clustering algorithm to deal with multi-constain occasions. The algorithm is demonstrated on small-scale data sets.
4. Propose a conceptual design solution space reduction approach. For the clustering sets obtained from previous steps, initial conceptual design solution space is formed by structure combination operation. Structure compatibility analysis is carried out on a quality and quantity bases. Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach is adapted as quality analysis and the concept of Compatibility Index (CI) is proposed to be the norm of quantity analysis.
5. Design case validation and system application. A CFKM-based conceptual design system is developed based on the methodology proposed in the paper. The conceptual design process of multi-mode molecular imaging device is demonstrated to prove the effectiveness of the system and the methodology proposed in the current research.
本课题通过研究概念设计的特点,采用知识工程的相关技术,从剖析产品功能的角度,提出基于功能知识聚类的计算机辅助概念设计方法。本课题主要的研究成果有:
1.提出了概念设计中的功能知识模型建立方法。通过分析概念设计阶段所能获取的信息如设计需求、物理约束、设计经验等,提出了基于约束的功能知识模型(Constrained Functional Knowledge Model,CFKM)建模方法。该方法主要针对功能和结构这两类关键设计要素进行知识表示,并将两者的映射关系通过基于OWL的本体语言关联起来,从而建立基于约束的功能结构映射模型。
2.提出了约束功能知识模型的语义相似度聚类方法。建立了功能谓词的标准语义模型,提出了语义相似度的概念和计算方法。开发了基于语义相似度的模糊逻辑语义聚类算法。构建了模糊语义计算模型来解决术语冲突问题。
3.提出了约束功能知识模型的结构特征约束协同聚类( Collaborative Clustering)方法。研究了结构特征约束的数据类型包括语义型、二进制型、数值型和模糊型等。并对各种数据类型对应的距离计算方法进行了深入研究。提出了在多特征约束共同作用情况下的协同距离概念,通过定义协同因子来获得多特征约束的协同距离。开发了基于协同相似度的结构特征约束聚类算法,并用小样本数据进行了验证。
4.提出了基于结构相容度分析的概念解空间约减策略。提出了通过结构组合来生成初始概念解空间的方法。定义了基于全局约束的结构相容度指数(Compatability Index)的概念,以此作为结构相容度的定量分析指标。采用模糊多目标判定作为相容度定性分析指标。通过综合定性和定量分析的结果,对初始概念解空间进行约减,从而得到可用概念解空间,最后进一步得到以概念图表示的设计解方案。
5.实例分析和系统应用。开发了基于约束功能知识模型的辅助概念设计系统软件,以多模态分子医学影像设备的概念设计为例,验证了本文所提出的理论方法的有效性。
Conceptual design is a crucial task in mechanical product development cycle. Researchers have pointed out that conceptual design is extremely important in computer-aided design but it is difficult to carry out. Conceptual design has massive impact on manufacturing and product quality. Many manufacturing processes (such as molding, casting and machining) are predetermined indirectly by conceptual design stage. The concept generated at the conceptual design stage will influence basic product shape and material selection. In the following detail design, it is impossible to compromise or correct any poor design that comes from previous stage. In nowadays industrialized society, resources and equipment are geographically distributed as well as knowledge and expertise. To keep up the competency of enterprises, shorten product development timelines and develop creative product for the market are of critical importance. Traditional case based design methodology has largely increased the design efficiency. The drawback of case based design is that it lacks effective support for design creativity due to its single disciplinary nature. During case retrieval and case modification, the work is done within one area and one area alone. Thus it is necessary to develop a new design method that could ultilize multidisciplinary knowledge.
My research is grounded on the characteristics of conceptual design, utilizing related technology of knowledge-based engineering to propose a computer-aided intelligent design approach based on functional knowledge clustering. Major research achievements are as follows:
1. Propose a constrained functional knowledge model (CFKM) for function knowledge in conceptual design. The model is based on the information obtained in conceptual design stage such as design requirements, physical constrains, design experience and etc. The knowledge modeling focuses on two major design elements which are function and structure; apply OWL ontological language to establish the mapping relations between them as well as constrains.
2. Propose a functional semantic clustering approach for CFKM. Build up a semantic model for function predicates in CFKM; develop a semantic clustering algorithm based on semantic similarity of function predicates. Construct fuzzy linguistic computation model to resolve terms conflict.
3. Propose a collaborative clustering approach of structural constrains for CFKM. Define collaborative similarity of structural constrains by analyzing different constrain types and their corresponding data categories. Propose a collaborative fuzzy clustering algorithm to deal with multi-constain occasions. The algorithm is demonstrated on small-scale data sets.
4. Propose a conceptual design solution space reduction approach. For the clustering sets obtained from previous steps, initial conceptual design solution space is formed by structure combination operation. Structure compatibility analysis is carried out on a quality and quantity bases. Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach is adapted as quality analysis and the concept of Compatibility Index (CI) is proposed to be the norm of quantity analysis.
5. Design case validation and system application. A CFKM-based conceptual design system is developed based on the methodology proposed in the paper. The conceptual design process of multi-mode molecular imaging device is demonstrated to prove the effectiveness of the system and the methodology proposed in the current research.
引文
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