基于CMM的国内某科研单位软件过程改进的研究
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摘要
SW-CMM提供了一个软件工程管理方法的框架,是软件组织改善软件过程、提高软件组织竞争力的一个重要模型。我国的软件基础相对薄弱,为了加快我国软件产业的调整和发展,必须吸收国外运用高新技术促进软件组织升级换代的成功经验。本文从理论出发,研究SW-CMM在我国某科研单位软件开发管理中的应用,对于我国科研单位的长远发展具有实际意义,从而推动我国整个软件行业的发展。
首先,文章对SW-CMM以及相关的理论进行了研究。对SW-CMM五个等级的内容和结构等方面进行了阐述;由此指出SW-CMM对软件开发管理发展的重要意义;并对SW-CMM在我国理论和实践两方面的发展也予以了介绍。
然后,由SW-CMM及其相关理论引出对我国某科研单位软件开发管理现状进行分析,并进一步研究SW-CMM在我国某科研单位中应用的适用性。
在定性分析的基础上,结合某科研单位的实际情况,提出了基于SW-CMM的软件过程改进框架,并且详细阐述了此框架的过程域。针对如何将SW-CMM与我国某科研单位相融合这一问题,笔者对SW-CMM各关键实践进行裁减,重定位,结合软件开发的瀑布模型将软件开发过程分为需求开发,系统设计,编码和单元测试实现,系统测试,用户验收等几个阶段,并将需求管理,项目计划管理,项目监督和控制,项目关闭等管理活动与软件开发过程相结合,提出一种基于SW-CMM的软件过程改进方法。
基于此框架,详细介绍了在某项目中具体实施的过程及注意事项。把该方法运用到实际的软件过程改进中,并取得了相当的成效。
最后,总结了在某科研单位实施基于SW-CMM软件过程改进的经验和教训。
笔者希望该方法能抛砖引玉,提高国内某科研单位软件过程能力,进而促进国内科研组织软件过程改进,使我国科研单位的软件过程走上规范化道路。为软件过程改进和建立标准过程提供有价值的借鉴。
SW-CMM offers a framework for software engineering management. It is a very important model for software enterprises to improve their software and enhance their competitiveness.The basis of our country's software is a little weak.To accelerate the adjustment and development of the software industry in our country,we must introduce the successful experience of using high-tech to promote the upgrading of software enterprises in other country.This article research how applying SW-CMM to software development management in the scientific research units in our couatry.It has practical significance to the long-term development for the scientific research units in our country.So it can promote the entire software industry.
First,this article researches the related theory of SW-CMM.Detailed description for the five grade contents and structures of SW-CMM is given.Then the significance of the SW-CMM is pointed.Also the development of SW-CMM in the theory and practice in our country is introduced.
After that,the status of software development management in our country is analyzed from SW-CMM and its related theory.Furthermore the applicability of SW-CMM the scientific research units in our country is researched.
After the tereotypes analysis,the improved framework of software process based on the SW-CMM is proposed,combine the actual situation in the research units.Also the domain process of this framework is introduced detailly.
At last,the experience and lessons of implementing the software improvement based on SW-CMM in the research units are aggregated.
Against the problem of how to fuse the SW-CMM and the research unit in our country,the author tailor and re-position the key practice of SW-CMM.Combining the waterfall model of software development,this article divides the development process into some periods including development need,system design,coding and units test and implementation,system test,user acceptance etc.Also this article combines software development process and some management methods like demand management,project planning and management,project monitoring.A process of software development is proposed based on SW-CMM.This method is wished to be used in promoting the ability of software development in the research units of our country and can make the software development to be more critrial.
首先,文章对SW-CMM以及相关的理论进行了研究。对SW-CMM五个等级的内容和结构等方面进行了阐述;由此指出SW-CMM对软件开发管理发展的重要意义;并对SW-CMM在我国理论和实践两方面的发展也予以了介绍。
然后,由SW-CMM及其相关理论引出对我国某科研单位软件开发管理现状进行分析,并进一步研究SW-CMM在我国某科研单位中应用的适用性。
在定性分析的基础上,结合某科研单位的实际情况,提出了基于SW-CMM的软件过程改进框架,并且详细阐述了此框架的过程域。针对如何将SW-CMM与我国某科研单位相融合这一问题,笔者对SW-CMM各关键实践进行裁减,重定位,结合软件开发的瀑布模型将软件开发过程分为需求开发,系统设计,编码和单元测试实现,系统测试,用户验收等几个阶段,并将需求管理,项目计划管理,项目监督和控制,项目关闭等管理活动与软件开发过程相结合,提出一种基于SW-CMM的软件过程改进方法。
基于此框架,详细介绍了在某项目中具体实施的过程及注意事项。把该方法运用到实际的软件过程改进中,并取得了相当的成效。
最后,总结了在某科研单位实施基于SW-CMM软件过程改进的经验和教训。
笔者希望该方法能抛砖引玉,提高国内某科研单位软件过程能力,进而促进国内科研组织软件过程改进,使我国科研单位的软件过程走上规范化道路。为软件过程改进和建立标准过程提供有价值的借鉴。
SW-CMM offers a framework for software engineering management. It is a very important model for software enterprises to improve their software and enhance their competitiveness.The basis of our country's software is a little weak.To accelerate the adjustment and development of the software industry in our country,we must introduce the successful experience of using high-tech to promote the upgrading of software enterprises in other country.This article research how applying SW-CMM to software development management in the scientific research units in our couatry.It has practical significance to the long-term development for the scientific research units in our country.So it can promote the entire software industry.
First,this article researches the related theory of SW-CMM.Detailed description for the five grade contents and structures of SW-CMM is given.Then the significance of the SW-CMM is pointed.Also the development of SW-CMM in the theory and practice in our country is introduced.
After that,the status of software development management in our country is analyzed from SW-CMM and its related theory.Furthermore the applicability of SW-CMM the scientific research units in our country is researched.
After the tereotypes analysis,the improved framework of software process based on the SW-CMM is proposed,combine the actual situation in the research units.Also the domain process of this framework is introduced detailly.
At last,the experience and lessons of implementing the software improvement based on SW-CMM in the research units are aggregated.
Against the problem of how to fuse the SW-CMM and the research unit in our country,the author tailor and re-position the key practice of SW-CMM.Combining the waterfall model of software development,this article divides the development process into some periods including development need,system design,coding and units test and implementation,system test,user acceptance etc.Also this article combines software development process and some management methods like demand management,project planning and management,project monitoring.A process of software development is proposed based on SW-CMM.This method is wished to be used in promoting the ability of software development in the research units of our country and can make the software development to be more critrial.
引文
[1]郑人杰、王纬、王方德,基于软件能力成熟度模型(CMM)的软件过程改进--方法与实施,清华大学出版社,2003
[2]杨一平,软件能力成熟度模型CMM方法及其应用,人民邮电出版社,2001
[3]John Vu,赵悦、郝海静译,过程改进与CMM实践问答,人民邮电出版社,2006
[4]Sami Zahran,陈新、罗劲枫译,软件过程改进,机械工业出版社、中信出版社,2002
[5]徐寿光,信息技术行业ISO 9001:2000及CMM质量管理体系文件精选,中国标准出版社,2002
[6]卡内基梅隆大学著,能力成熟度模型(CMM),人民邮电出版社,2002
[7]青润,软件工程之全程建模实现,电子工业出版社,2004
[8]克劳斯著、周伯生等译,CMMI精粹--集成化过程改进实用导论,中信出版社,2002.6
[9]杨一平,现代软件工程技术与CMM的融合,人民邮电出版社,2003.1
[10]赛普著、王世锦、蔡愉祖译,CMM实施指南,机械工业出版社,2003,1
[11]卡普托著、于宏光等译,CMM实施与软件过程改进,机械工业出版社,2003.10
[12]汉弗莱著、高书敬、顾铁成、胡审译,软件过程管理,清华大学出版社,2002
[13]Walker Royce著、周伯生、廖彬山等译,软件项目管理:一个统一的框架,中信出版社,2002
[14]软件工程专家网www.21cmm.com
[15]杰罗特著、胡春哲等译,CMM实践应用--Infosys公司的软件项目执行过程,电子工业出版社,2002.8
[16]雷剑文、陈振冲、李明树,CMM:软件过程的管理与改进,北京清华大学出版社,2002.9
[17]劳森著、刘晓晖译,软件需求,电子工业出版社,2002.10
[18]张海藩,软件工程(第二版),人民邮电出版社,2006.1
[19]熊策、陈志刚,CMM在中国软件企业中的应用研究,计算机工程与应用,2003.2
[20]朱少民,软件质量保证和管理,清华大学出版社,2007.1
[21]何新贵等著,软件能力成熟度模型,清华大学出版社,2000
[22]尤克滨,软件过程改进简明实践,机械工业出版社,2003.4
[2]杨一平,软件能力成熟度模型CMM方法及其应用,人民邮电出版社,2001
[3]John Vu,赵悦、郝海静译,过程改进与CMM实践问答,人民邮电出版社,2006
[4]Sami Zahran,陈新、罗劲枫译,软件过程改进,机械工业出版社、中信出版社,2002
[5]徐寿光,信息技术行业ISO 9001:2000及CMM质量管理体系文件精选,中国标准出版社,2002
[6]卡内基梅隆大学著,能力成熟度模型(CMM),人民邮电出版社,2002
[7]青润,软件工程之全程建模实现,电子工业出版社,2004
[8]克劳斯著、周伯生等译,CMMI精粹--集成化过程改进实用导论,中信出版社,2002.6
[9]杨一平,现代软件工程技术与CMM的融合,人民邮电出版社,2003.1
[10]赛普著、王世锦、蔡愉祖译,CMM实施指南,机械工业出版社,2003,1
[11]卡普托著、于宏光等译,CMM实施与软件过程改进,机械工业出版社,2003.10
[12]汉弗莱著、高书敬、顾铁成、胡审译,软件过程管理,清华大学出版社,2002
[13]Walker Royce著、周伯生、廖彬山等译,软件项目管理:一个统一的框架,中信出版社,2002
[14]软件工程专家网www.21cmm.com
[15]杰罗特著、胡春哲等译,CMM实践应用--Infosys公司的软件项目执行过程,电子工业出版社,2002.8
[16]雷剑文、陈振冲、李明树,CMM:软件过程的管理与改进,北京清华大学出版社,2002.9
[17]劳森著、刘晓晖译,软件需求,电子工业出版社,2002.10
[18]张海藩,软件工程(第二版),人民邮电出版社,2006.1
[19]熊策、陈志刚,CMM在中国软件企业中的应用研究,计算机工程与应用,2003.2
[20]朱少民,软件质量保证和管理,清华大学出版社,2007.1
[21]何新贵等著,软件能力成熟度模型,清华大学出版社,2000
[22]尤克滨,软件过程改进简明实践,机械工业出版社,2003.4