人防改扩建地铁设计控制理论及其应用研究
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摘要
随着城市建设的快速发展,城市地下空间的开发和利用受到日益广泛的重视,其中改造利用既有人防隧道成为城市地铁的新思路被纳入重要研究课题。与常规隧道开挖方式不同,人防隧道改建是在既有断面基础上进行单侧和双侧扩挖形成新的地下空间,目前相关的设计理论和施工控制理论基本是空白。哈尔滨地铁一期工程全长14.41km,基本上全段利用了既有人防隧道,其利用规模、环境复杂程度,在国内外都是罕见的。依托该项工程,本文研究了既有人防隧道改扩建地铁的设计及控制理论。
在既有人防隧道改扩建工程中,必须破除原人防隧道衬砌、二次开挖、二次支护,经现场量测与计算分析,扩挖前后隧道支护结构变形不大,但隧道衬砌结构内力变化较大,支护结构与围岩的相互挤压作用强烈。由此,本文以极限平衡理论为基础,分析了隧道扩挖前后对上方围岩扰动产生的极限荷载,建立了适用于人防隧道扩挖的“荷载-结构”设计模型；引入“施加虚拟支撑力逐步释放法”,分析了扰动围岩与支护结构的共同作用,重点解决了人防隧道的扩挖中,破除原人防隧道衬砌、二次开挖、二次支护阶段的应力释放与荷载转移的数值模拟问题,建立了人防隧道扩挖“地层-结构法”设计理论。
通过现场工艺试验,研究了既有人防隧道改扩建预注浆加固的设计参数,将工艺试验成果与相关数值模拟相结合,定量分析了注浆加固圈与应力场、塑性区的相关性。将工艺试验成果提升到可定量评价的理论层次,形成了既有人防隧道扩挖预支护注浆设计方法与设计理论。将地表建筑、区域岩体、支护结构作为一个地质整体进行分析和计算,提出了人防隧道扩挖施工引起建筑物损害的评价方法。
遴选了地表沉降量作为既有人防隧道扩挖的主控指标,提出了“工前预测”、“工间预测”的概念,从工程管理角度、设计和控制理论方面将隧道的设计、施工、监控量测更紧密的结合在一起。设计阶段的“工前预测”以随机介质法理论为基础,在假定隧道断面的不均匀椭圆化收敛形式的条件下,推导了单双侧扩挖的地表沉降量预测公式。而“工间预测”基于概率计算的方法,建立灰色一马尔科夫链预测模型,将既有监测数据导入该模型,对未来沉降值进行预测。将两阶段预测相结合,可更准确的动态调整设计方案,实现信息化施工。
With the rapid development of city construction, more and more attention has been paid to the development and utilization of urban underground space in many cities. The idea of transforming the existing civil air defense tunnels into urban rail transit construction has been brought into important research projects. Differing with the conventional tunnel excavation method, the reconstruction of civil air defense tunnels is through unilateral and bilateral expanding excavation to form new underground space based on the existing section, about which the design theory and basic construction control theory is still a gap. Harbin metro1st project, with the length of14.4km, used the exisiting air defense tunnel, whose scale and complex environment is rare both at home and abroad. Relying on the project, this paper studies the design and controlling theory of digging and transforming the existing civil air defense tunnels into metro.
Among the expansion of existing air defense tunnel projects, the destruction of the original air defense tunnel lining, the secondary excavation, and the secondary support must be completed. Through on-site measurements and computational analysis, it is found that the deformation of tunnel support structure between pre-and post enlarging and excavation was small,; but the tunnel lining force changed greatly and the mutual squeezing effect between the support structure and surrounding rock was strong. Thus, based on the limit equilibrium theory, this paper analyzed the limit load caused by the disturbance of the above surrounding rock pre-and post enlarging and excavation, and generated the "load-structure" model which applies to air defense tunnel enlarging and excavation project. With the introduction of gradual release method by applying virtual support force, the combined action of disturbed surrounding rock and the support structure was analyzed. This paper has solved the problem of numerical simulation of the stress release and load transfer during air defense tunnel enlarging and excavation, including the destruction of the original air defense tunnel lining, the second excavation and the second support. Furthermore, the design theory of formation-structure method of civil air defense tunnel enlarging and excavation was established.
Through the field test, the design parameters of grouting for rebuilding the existing civil air defense tunnels were studied. Furthermore, the relation between the grouting ring and the stress field and plastic zone were quantitatively analyzed through combineing the numerical simulation with the test results. Therefore the test result could be used to quantitatively predict the construction behavior, and the design theory of advanced support grouting for expanding excavation of the existing civil air defense tunnels was established. Moreover, in this paper the evaluation method for the construction building damage caused by expanding excavation of the existing civil air defense tunnels was presented by taking surface construction, regional rock and supporting structure as a whole geological body.
To integrate the tunnel design, construction, monitor and measurement through the aspect of project management, design and control theory, the surface settlement was selected as the major control indicators of expanding excavation of the existing civil air defense tunnels, and the concepts of "previous-construction prediction" and "period-construction prediction" were presented. Based on the random media theory, the previous-construction prediction can be used to predict the surface settlement value under single or double side expanding excavation, by assuming that the tunnel convergence has a non-uniform elliptical cross-section. And in period-construction prediction, the gray-Markov chain forecasting model was established based on probability statistics theory. The model can be used to predict the future settlement value by importing the monitoring result. By combining the two-stage predictions, the design can be optimized more accurately and dynamically, and the information construction can also be implemented.
在既有人防隧道改扩建工程中,必须破除原人防隧道衬砌、二次开挖、二次支护,经现场量测与计算分析,扩挖前后隧道支护结构变形不大,但隧道衬砌结构内力变化较大,支护结构与围岩的相互挤压作用强烈。由此,本文以极限平衡理论为基础,分析了隧道扩挖前后对上方围岩扰动产生的极限荷载,建立了适用于人防隧道扩挖的“荷载-结构”设计模型；引入“施加虚拟支撑力逐步释放法”,分析了扰动围岩与支护结构的共同作用,重点解决了人防隧道的扩挖中,破除原人防隧道衬砌、二次开挖、二次支护阶段的应力释放与荷载转移的数值模拟问题,建立了人防隧道扩挖“地层-结构法”设计理论。
通过现场工艺试验,研究了既有人防隧道改扩建预注浆加固的设计参数,将工艺试验成果与相关数值模拟相结合,定量分析了注浆加固圈与应力场、塑性区的相关性。将工艺试验成果提升到可定量评价的理论层次,形成了既有人防隧道扩挖预支护注浆设计方法与设计理论。将地表建筑、区域岩体、支护结构作为一个地质整体进行分析和计算,提出了人防隧道扩挖施工引起建筑物损害的评价方法。
遴选了地表沉降量作为既有人防隧道扩挖的主控指标,提出了“工前预测”、“工间预测”的概念,从工程管理角度、设计和控制理论方面将隧道的设计、施工、监控量测更紧密的结合在一起。设计阶段的“工前预测”以随机介质法理论为基础,在假定隧道断面的不均匀椭圆化收敛形式的条件下,推导了单双侧扩挖的地表沉降量预测公式。而“工间预测”基于概率计算的方法,建立灰色一马尔科夫链预测模型,将既有监测数据导入该模型,对未来沉降值进行预测。将两阶段预测相结合,可更准确的动态调整设计方案,实现信息化施工。
With the rapid development of city construction, more and more attention has been paid to the development and utilization of urban underground space in many cities. The idea of transforming the existing civil air defense tunnels into urban rail transit construction has been brought into important research projects. Differing with the conventional tunnel excavation method, the reconstruction of civil air defense tunnels is through unilateral and bilateral expanding excavation to form new underground space based on the existing section, about which the design theory and basic construction control theory is still a gap. Harbin metro1st project, with the length of14.4km, used the exisiting air defense tunnel, whose scale and complex environment is rare both at home and abroad. Relying on the project, this paper studies the design and controlling theory of digging and transforming the existing civil air defense tunnels into metro.
Among the expansion of existing air defense tunnel projects, the destruction of the original air defense tunnel lining, the secondary excavation, and the secondary support must be completed. Through on-site measurements and computational analysis, it is found that the deformation of tunnel support structure between pre-and post enlarging and excavation was small,; but the tunnel lining force changed greatly and the mutual squeezing effect between the support structure and surrounding rock was strong. Thus, based on the limit equilibrium theory, this paper analyzed the limit load caused by the disturbance of the above surrounding rock pre-and post enlarging and excavation, and generated the "load-structure" model which applies to air defense tunnel enlarging and excavation project. With the introduction of gradual release method by applying virtual support force, the combined action of disturbed surrounding rock and the support structure was analyzed. This paper has solved the problem of numerical simulation of the stress release and load transfer during air defense tunnel enlarging and excavation, including the destruction of the original air defense tunnel lining, the second excavation and the second support. Furthermore, the design theory of formation-structure method of civil air defense tunnel enlarging and excavation was established.
Through the field test, the design parameters of grouting for rebuilding the existing civil air defense tunnels were studied. Furthermore, the relation between the grouting ring and the stress field and plastic zone were quantitatively analyzed through combineing the numerical simulation with the test results. Therefore the test result could be used to quantitatively predict the construction behavior, and the design theory of advanced support grouting for expanding excavation of the existing civil air defense tunnels was established. Moreover, in this paper the evaluation method for the construction building damage caused by expanding excavation of the existing civil air defense tunnels was presented by taking surface construction, regional rock and supporting structure as a whole geological body.
To integrate the tunnel design, construction, monitor and measurement through the aspect of project management, design and control theory, the surface settlement was selected as the major control indicators of expanding excavation of the existing civil air defense tunnels, and the concepts of "previous-construction prediction" and "period-construction prediction" were presented. Based on the random media theory, the previous-construction prediction can be used to predict the surface settlement value under single or double side expanding excavation, by assuming that the tunnel convergence has a non-uniform elliptical cross-section. And in period-construction prediction, the gray-Markov chain forecasting model was established based on probability statistics theory. The model can be used to predict the future settlement value by importing the monitoring result. By combining the two-stage predictions, the design can be optimized more accurately and dynamically, and the information construction can also be implemented.
引文
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