机载PD雷达杂波中的目标检测
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摘要
脉冲多普勒雷达是一种先进的全相参体制雷达。近年来，这种雷达体制更多地与其它雷达体制兼容工作，成为雷达技术发展和应用的重要领域之一。本文是结合课题“机载脉冲多普勒雷达恒虚警检测性能研究”进行的，主要考虑如何克服地杂波影响，提高系统的检测性能。
文中引入了杂波跟踪的概念，将图像处理技术用于雷达杂波处理。基于局部熵对杂波进行边缘提取和跟踪，运用分形技术进行杂波区域分割和跟踪。然后针对这两种不同的杂波跟踪结果，提出分别采用杂被属性恒虚警检测器和结构元素恒虚警检测器，以改善传统雷达系统中仅采用单一恒虚警算法造成的检测性能低下。对预处理后的仿真杂波数据采用了上述方法进行处理后，表明可以提高机载PD雷达在杂波区域中的目标检测性能。
最后，本文对课题工作进行了小结，并指出有待进一步解决的问题。
Pulsed Doppler radar (PD radar) is a kind of advanced radar which using coherent processing. It provides an active field for development of radar techniques. This dissertation is based on the project "CFAR (constant false alarm rate) detection for airborne PD radar".
In this dissertation,the clutter tracking technique based on image processing is introduced. We apply Local Entropy algorithm to the clutter tracking and detect clutter edge by local entropy filter. We also develop a new method to estimate fractal dimension from clutter surface for region segmentation. Regarding the different results of clutter tracking as the background information,we propose clutter feature (CF)-CFAR detector and structuring element (SE)-CFAR detector. Their detection performance proved to be better than the original CFAR detectors when we used tracking technique to pre-process clutter.
In the end,conclusion and possible future work are explained.
文中引入了杂波跟踪的概念，将图像处理技术用于雷达杂波处理。基于局部熵对杂波进行边缘提取和跟踪，运用分形技术进行杂波区域分割和跟踪。然后针对这两种不同的杂波跟踪结果，提出分别采用杂被属性恒虚警检测器和结构元素恒虚警检测器，以改善传统雷达系统中仅采用单一恒虚警算法造成的检测性能低下。对预处理后的仿真杂波数据采用了上述方法进行处理后，表明可以提高机载PD雷达在杂波区域中的目标检测性能。
最后，本文对课题工作进行了小结，并指出有待进一步解决的问题。
Pulsed Doppler radar (PD radar) is a kind of advanced radar which using coherent processing. It provides an active field for development of radar techniques. This dissertation is based on the project "CFAR (constant false alarm rate) detection for airborne PD radar".
In this dissertation,the clutter tracking technique based on image processing is introduced. We apply Local Entropy algorithm to the clutter tracking and detect clutter edge by local entropy filter. We also develop a new method to estimate fractal dimension from clutter surface for region segmentation. Regarding the different results of clutter tracking as the background information,we propose clutter feature (CF)-CFAR detector and structuring element (SE)-CFAR detector. Their detection performance proved to be better than the original CFAR detectors when we used tracking technique to pre-process clutter.
In the end,conclusion and possible future work are explained.
引文
【1】 毛士艺、张瑞生、许伟武、李少洪、苗楠、朱谷川，脉冲多普勒雷达，北京：国防工业出版社 1990
【2】 G．V．莫里斯等，机载脉冲多普勒雷达，航空工业出版社，1990
【3】 国外雷达技术发展动态 http://cdstic.cetin.net.cn/(http://210.79.226.16:81/cetin2/xw/xxz/2001/04/dzdk-4.htm)
【4】 机载雷达技术新发展 http://cdstic.cetin.net.cn/(http://210.79.226.16:81/cetin2/xw/xxz/2001/04/dzdk-4.htm)
【5】 何友、关键、孟祥伟、陆大金、彭应宁，雷达自动检测和CFAR处理方法综述，系统工程与电子技术，2001．Vol．23 NO．1
【6】 何友、关键、彭应宁、陆大金，雷达自动检测与CFAR处理，北京，清华大学出版社，1999
【7】 Tenny R R, Sandell N R. Detection with Distributed Sensors. IEEE Trans. On AES, 1981, 17(4): 501-510.
【8】 Anastassopoulous V, Lampropoulos G A. New and Robust CFAR Detection Algorithm. IEEE Trans, on AES, 1992, 28(2): 420-427.
【9】 张贤达，现代信号处理技术，北京：清华大学出版社，1995
【10】 Michael C. Wicks, William J. Baldygo, Jr., Brown, Russell D. Expert system constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processor United States Paten. PN: 5499030. May 1996
【11】 倪国新、陈国海，机载PD雷达中重复频率搜索方式高度线杂波抑制的方法，现代雷达，2001．10，Vol．23 No．5
【12】 Azeddine Beghdadi, Alain Le Negrate. Entropic Thresholding Using a Block Source Model. Graphical Models and Image Processing, 1995, 57(3): 197-205
【13】 王广君、田金文、柳健、吴国平，基于局部最大熵的多目标图像分割方法，华中理工大学学报 Vol．28 No．12 2000．12 4-5
【14】 Vincent T, Tonaso A P. On edge detection. IEEE Trans Part Anal Machine Intell, 1986, Vol PAMI-8:147-163
【15】 Kapur, J. N., et al, A new method for grey-level picture thresholding using the entropy of the histogram, Computer Vision Graphics Image Processing. 1989, 47, P. 22-32
【16】 F. Y. Chin and I. N. Chen, Efficient parallel algorithms for some graph problems, [J] Comm. ACM2 5(9)(1982)659-665
【17】 李俊山、沈绪榜，局部熵差图像匹配并行算法，小型微型计算机系统，Vol．21 No．12，2002．12
【18】 Michael C. Wicks. William J. Baldygo, Jr; Brown, Russell D. Expert system constant false alarm rate(CFAR) processor, United States Patent. PN:5499030. May 1996
【19】 张济忠，分形，北京，清华大学出版社，1995
【20】 Kenneth Falconer, FRACTAL GEOMETRY-Mathematical Foundations and Applications, 1991
【21】 Mandelbrot, B. B.: The fractal geometry of nature, San Francisco: Freeman, New York, 1982
【22】 J. I. Butterfield, Fractal Interpolation of Radar Signatures for Detecting Stationary Targets in Ground Clutter, IEEE AES Systems Magazine, July 1991
【23】 T. Lo, H. Leung, J. Litva, S. Haykin: Fractal characterization of sea-scattered signals and detection of sea-surface targets, IEE Proceedings-F, Vol. 140, No.4, August, 1993
【24】 Lei S, Li W. Research of Ordered Statistic CFAR Detector. In: Proc. of the International Symposium on Noise and Clutter Rejection in Radars and Imagine Sensoirs, 1989:560-565
【25】 吉书龙、黄莆堪、周良柱，一种新的雷达恒虚警 (CFAR) 处理器，国防科技大学学报，1990，12 (4)：116—121
【26】 Ji S L、huang F K、Sun Z K, The Studies of Radar New CFAR Processor, In: Proc. of ICP'90, 1990:657-658
【27】 Basile M、Di-Vito A、Falessi C, An Adaptive-Length CA-CFAR Device for an ATC Radar, In: Proc. of CIE 1991 International Conference on Radar, Beijing, 1991: 419-422
【28】 Himonas S D、Barkat M, Automatic Censored CFAR Detection for Nonhomogeneous Environments, IEEE Trans. on AES, 1992, 28 (1): 286-304
【29】 Himonas S D, Adaptive Censored Greatest-of CFAR Detection, IEE Proc. -F, 1002, 139(3):286-304
【30】 Finn H M, A CFAR Design for a Window Spanning Two Clutter Fields, IEEE Trans. on AES, 1986, 22(1): 155-169
【31】 Himonas S D, CFAR Integration Processors in Randomly Arriving Impulse Interference, IEEE Trans on AES, 1994, 30 (3): 809-817
【32】 Finn H M、Johnson R S, Adaptive Detection Mode with Threshold Control as a Function of Spatially Sampled Cultter-Level Estimates, RCA Review, 1968, 29: 414-464
【33】 Anastassopoulos V、Lampropoulos G A, A New and Robust CFAR Detection Algorithm, IEEE Trans. on AES, 1992, 28 (2): 420-427
【34】 Anastassopoulos V、Lampropoulos G A, Comparison of Two CFAR Methods Used with Square Law Detection of Swerling Ⅰ Targets, IEEE International Radar Conference, 1980:403-409
【35】 Gandhi P P, Kassam S A, Analysis of CFAR Processors in Nonhomogeneous Backround, Trans. on AES, 1988, 24 (4): 427-445
【2】 G．V．莫里斯等，机载脉冲多普勒雷达，航空工业出版社，1990
【3】 国外雷达技术发展动态 http://cdstic.cetin.net.cn/(http://210.79.226.16:81/cetin2/xw/xxz/2001/04/dzdk-4.htm)
【4】 机载雷达技术新发展 http://cdstic.cetin.net.cn/(http://210.79.226.16:81/cetin2/xw/xxz/2001/04/dzdk-4.htm)
【5】 何友、关键、孟祥伟、陆大金、彭应宁，雷达自动检测和CFAR处理方法综述，系统工程与电子技术，2001．Vol．23 NO．1
【6】 何友、关键、彭应宁、陆大金，雷达自动检测与CFAR处理，北京，清华大学出版社，1999
【7】 Tenny R R, Sandell N R. Detection with Distributed Sensors. IEEE Trans. On AES, 1981, 17(4): 501-510.
【8】 Anastassopoulous V, Lampropoulos G A. New and Robust CFAR Detection Algorithm. IEEE Trans, on AES, 1992, 28(2): 420-427.
【9】 张贤达，现代信号处理技术，北京：清华大学出版社，1995
【10】 Michael C. Wicks, William J. Baldygo, Jr., Brown, Russell D. Expert system constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processor United States Paten. PN: 5499030. May 1996
【11】 倪国新、陈国海，机载PD雷达中重复频率搜索方式高度线杂波抑制的方法，现代雷达，2001．10，Vol．23 No．5
【12】 Azeddine Beghdadi, Alain Le Negrate. Entropic Thresholding Using a Block Source Model. Graphical Models and Image Processing, 1995, 57(3): 197-205
【13】 王广君、田金文、柳健、吴国平，基于局部最大熵的多目标图像分割方法，华中理工大学学报 Vol．28 No．12 2000．12 4-5
【14】 Vincent T, Tonaso A P. On edge detection. IEEE Trans Part Anal Machine Intell, 1986, Vol PAMI-8:147-163
【15】 Kapur, J. N., et al, A new method for grey-level picture thresholding using the entropy of the histogram, Computer Vision Graphics Image Processing. 1989, 47, P. 22-32
【16】 F. Y. Chin and I. N. Chen, Efficient parallel algorithms for some graph problems, [J] Comm. ACM2 5(9)(1982)659-665
【17】 李俊山、沈绪榜，局部熵差图像匹配并行算法，小型微型计算机系统，Vol．21 No．12，2002．12
【18】 Michael C. Wicks. William J. Baldygo, Jr; Brown, Russell D. Expert system constant false alarm rate(CFAR) processor, United States Patent. PN:5499030. May 1996
【19】 张济忠，分形，北京，清华大学出版社，1995
【20】 Kenneth Falconer, FRACTAL GEOMETRY-Mathematical Foundations and Applications, 1991
【21】 Mandelbrot, B. B.: The fractal geometry of nature, San Francisco: Freeman, New York, 1982
【22】 J. I. Butterfield, Fractal Interpolation of Radar Signatures for Detecting Stationary Targets in Ground Clutter, IEEE AES Systems Magazine, July 1991
【23】 T. Lo, H. Leung, J. Litva, S. Haykin: Fractal characterization of sea-scattered signals and detection of sea-surface targets, IEE Proceedings-F, Vol. 140, No.4, August, 1993
【24】 Lei S, Li W. Research of Ordered Statistic CFAR Detector. In: Proc. of the International Symposium on Noise and Clutter Rejection in Radars and Imagine Sensoirs, 1989:560-565
【25】 吉书龙、黄莆堪、周良柱，一种新的雷达恒虚警 (CFAR) 处理器，国防科技大学学报，1990，12 (4)：116—121
【26】 Ji S L、huang F K、Sun Z K, The Studies of Radar New CFAR Processor, In: Proc. of ICP'90, 1990:657-658
【27】 Basile M、Di-Vito A、Falessi C, An Adaptive-Length CA-CFAR Device for an ATC Radar, In: Proc. of CIE 1991 International Conference on Radar, Beijing, 1991: 419-422
【28】 Himonas S D、Barkat M, Automatic Censored CFAR Detection for Nonhomogeneous Environments, IEEE Trans. on AES, 1992, 28 (1): 286-304
【29】 Himonas S D, Adaptive Censored Greatest-of CFAR Detection, IEE Proc. -F, 1002, 139(3):286-304
【30】 Finn H M, A CFAR Design for a Window Spanning Two Clutter Fields, IEEE Trans. on AES, 1986, 22(1): 155-169
【31】 Himonas S D, CFAR Integration Processors in Randomly Arriving Impulse Interference, IEEE Trans on AES, 1994, 30 (3): 809-817
【32】 Finn H M、Johnson R S, Adaptive Detection Mode with Threshold Control as a Function of Spatially Sampled Cultter-Level Estimates, RCA Review, 1968, 29: 414-464
【33】 Anastassopoulos V、Lampropoulos G A, A New and Robust CFAR Detection Algorithm, IEEE Trans. on AES, 1992, 28 (2): 420-427
【34】 Anastassopoulos V、Lampropoulos G A, Comparison of Two CFAR Methods Used with Square Law Detection of Swerling Ⅰ Targets, IEEE International Radar Conference, 1980:403-409
【35】 Gandhi P P, Kassam S A, Analysis of CFAR Processors in Nonhomogeneous Backround, Trans. on AES, 1988, 24 (4): 427-445