云南金顶矿床矿体三维模型的建立及应用
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摘要
云南金顶矿床是著名的超大型矿床,不仅有可观的铅锌储量,而且在矿区不到10km2的范围内还有大型的(硬)石膏矿和天青石矿,以及中型的硫铁矿。金顶矿床的成因目前还存在较大分歧,不同类型矿体在三维空间如何分布,其产状及相互关系如何,目前还不知晓。为此,本文对金顶矿床不同类型的矿体进行了三维可视化建模。
三维建模技术是一种新的矿床地质学研究方法。本文通过对不同类型的矿体三维建模软件的对比,选择澳大利亚 Surpac Minex Group 开发的SURPAC Vision 5.0 J 版软件作为金顶矿床矿体三维建模平台。利用 “金顶铅锌矿详细勘探地质报告”中的318 个钻孔、14 万条数据,选择Microsoft Access 2000 数据库类型,利用Surpac 软件系统,建立了包括钻孔定位、钻孔测量和样品分析数据等信息的钻孔数据库。通过钻孔数据库实现了钻孔在三维空间的可视化,展示了钻孔的孔口三维坐标、钻孔的三维空间变化信息、空间延伸方向、倾角,同时还可以显示钻孔不同深度样品的各种数据信息。利用Surpac 软件的交互式三维模型创建工具,基于矿体在勘探线剖面的投影形状,构建其空间的大致赋存形态,根据拓扑关系原理,建立了可从任意角度观察的金顶矿床矿体三维空间实体模型。
根据模型显示,金顶矿床铅锌矿体、天青石矿体和石膏矿体呈不完整的穹隆状分布,砂岩型矿体在上,为曲面状,分布广,似一蘑菇的顶盖,而灰岩角砾岩型矿体分布局限,部分产于砂岩型矿体之下,多为不规则的脉状、透镜体状,构成蘑菇的根部;(硬)石膏和天青石矿体主要与灰岩角砾型矿体相伴产出,呈脉状、透镜体状,多分布于砂岩型矿体下部。(硬)石膏和天青石等盐类矿体在整体呈一较完整的环形分布,矿体均分布于四周,环形的顶部已被破坏,展示了其原始形态可能为一盐丘。鉴于该矿区大量沥青质的存在,比照滨里海地区油气藏形成规律与模式,暗示着金顶矿床矿体的形成与盐丘破坏、油气逃逸作用有某种内在联系。初步讨论了砂岩型矿体和灰岩角砾岩型矿体的成因联系,对矿区深部找矿前景进行了初步预测。
Jinding lead-zinc deposit, a famous super large ore deposit, has considerable reserve of lead, zinc, gypsum, celestite and pyrite. It’s disputed in the genetic of the deposit, and unknown to the distribution in the 3-D space, attitude, and correlation of the various bodies. Therefore, the paper establishes the three dimension (3-D) visual model of the various bodies.
3-Demensional modeling is a new research method for geology of ore deposits. During the contrast of the multifarious software of 3-D modeling, SURPAC Vision 5.0 J, developed by Surpac Minex Group, is selected as the platform for the modeling of the Jinding deposit. Using 318 drilling holes, 140 thousand digital data in the ‘detailed prospecting geological report of the Jinding lead-zinc deposit’, the database of the drilling holes with types of Microsoft Access 2000, including information of location, survey and sample analytic data, is established in Surpac software. Based on the database of the drilling holes, drills can be visible in 3-dimension. It exhibits the coordinates of drilling openings, various information of the drills in space, spatial directions of extension, dip angles, and various information at different depth. Using the interaction tools of Surpac can construct the general spatial shapes of prospecting lines according to their projection shapes. Based on the principles of topology, we construct the 3-dimensional model of the orebodies at Jinding deposit from which we can observe in any directions.
According to model, lead zinc ore bodies of mineral deposit, celestite ore bodies and gypsum ore bodies are distributed by the incomplete dome shape. The sandstone type ore bodies like a curved surface shape, is on the top, wide distribution, which like the top cover of a mushroom. The limestone breccia type ore bodies, under the sandstone type ore bodies, with mostly irregular vein shape, lens body shape, locate at the root of the mushroom. Gypsum and celestite ore bodies, accompanying with limestone breccia type ore bodies with the shape of vein, lens body, distribute under the sandstone type ore bodies. Such saline ore bodies as the gypsum and lazulite , etc. are presenting a more intact ring, and the ore body is distributed all around. The annular top has already been destroyed, have shown its primitive shape may be one salt dome. In view of existence of a large amount of pitch this mining area, hint the relation between the forming of Jinding deposit and
salt mound destroy, oil gas escape function, according to the genetic and the model of the oil gas of the Caspian Sea. The correlation of the sandstone type ore bodies and limestone breccia type ore bodies is discussed, and the deep ore body is forecasted.
三维建模技术是一种新的矿床地质学研究方法。本文通过对不同类型的矿体三维建模软件的对比,选择澳大利亚 Surpac Minex Group 开发的SURPAC Vision 5.0 J 版软件作为金顶矿床矿体三维建模平台。利用 “金顶铅锌矿详细勘探地质报告”中的318 个钻孔、14 万条数据,选择Microsoft Access 2000 数据库类型,利用Surpac 软件系统,建立了包括钻孔定位、钻孔测量和样品分析数据等信息的钻孔数据库。通过钻孔数据库实现了钻孔在三维空间的可视化,展示了钻孔的孔口三维坐标、钻孔的三维空间变化信息、空间延伸方向、倾角,同时还可以显示钻孔不同深度样品的各种数据信息。利用Surpac 软件的交互式三维模型创建工具,基于矿体在勘探线剖面的投影形状,构建其空间的大致赋存形态,根据拓扑关系原理,建立了可从任意角度观察的金顶矿床矿体三维空间实体模型。
根据模型显示,金顶矿床铅锌矿体、天青石矿体和石膏矿体呈不完整的穹隆状分布,砂岩型矿体在上,为曲面状,分布广,似一蘑菇的顶盖,而灰岩角砾岩型矿体分布局限,部分产于砂岩型矿体之下,多为不规则的脉状、透镜体状,构成蘑菇的根部;(硬)石膏和天青石矿体主要与灰岩角砾型矿体相伴产出,呈脉状、透镜体状,多分布于砂岩型矿体下部。(硬)石膏和天青石等盐类矿体在整体呈一较完整的环形分布,矿体均分布于四周,环形的顶部已被破坏,展示了其原始形态可能为一盐丘。鉴于该矿区大量沥青质的存在,比照滨里海地区油气藏形成规律与模式,暗示着金顶矿床矿体的形成与盐丘破坏、油气逃逸作用有某种内在联系。初步讨论了砂岩型矿体和灰岩角砾岩型矿体的成因联系,对矿区深部找矿前景进行了初步预测。
Jinding lead-zinc deposit, a famous super large ore deposit, has considerable reserve of lead, zinc, gypsum, celestite and pyrite. It’s disputed in the genetic of the deposit, and unknown to the distribution in the 3-D space, attitude, and correlation of the various bodies. Therefore, the paper establishes the three dimension (3-D) visual model of the various bodies.
3-Demensional modeling is a new research method for geology of ore deposits. During the contrast of the multifarious software of 3-D modeling, SURPAC Vision 5.0 J, developed by Surpac Minex Group, is selected as the platform for the modeling of the Jinding deposit. Using 318 drilling holes, 140 thousand digital data in the ‘detailed prospecting geological report of the Jinding lead-zinc deposit’, the database of the drilling holes with types of Microsoft Access 2000, including information of location, survey and sample analytic data, is established in Surpac software. Based on the database of the drilling holes, drills can be visible in 3-dimension. It exhibits the coordinates of drilling openings, various information of the drills in space, spatial directions of extension, dip angles, and various information at different depth. Using the interaction tools of Surpac can construct the general spatial shapes of prospecting lines according to their projection shapes. Based on the principles of topology, we construct the 3-dimensional model of the orebodies at Jinding deposit from which we can observe in any directions.
According to model, lead zinc ore bodies of mineral deposit, celestite ore bodies and gypsum ore bodies are distributed by the incomplete dome shape. The sandstone type ore bodies like a curved surface shape, is on the top, wide distribution, which like the top cover of a mushroom. The limestone breccia type ore bodies, under the sandstone type ore bodies, with mostly irregular vein shape, lens body shape, locate at the root of the mushroom. Gypsum and celestite ore bodies, accompanying with limestone breccia type ore bodies with the shape of vein, lens body, distribute under the sandstone type ore bodies. Such saline ore bodies as the gypsum and lazulite , etc. are presenting a more intact ring, and the ore body is distributed all around. The annular top has already been destroyed, have shown its primitive shape may be one salt dome. In view of existence of a large amount of pitch this mining area, hint the relation between the forming of Jinding deposit and
salt mound destroy, oil gas escape function, according to the genetic and the model of the oil gas of the Caspian Sea. The correlation of the sandstone type ore bodies and limestone breccia type ore bodies is discussed, and the deep ore body is forecasted.
引文
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[2] 程朋根,陈红华,刘少华,等.地矿三维数据模型及其可视化方法的研究.中国矿业.2002,11(2):60~62
[3] 程朋根,刘少华,王伟,等.三维地质模型构建方法的研究及应用.吉林大学学报(地球科学版).2004,34(2):309~313
[4] 付修根, 庞艳春.金顶铅锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨.世界地质.2004,23(3):238~224
[5] 高广立.金顶铅锌矿区硬石膏矿的形成及时代其所涉及的问题.云南地质.1991,10(2):191~206
[6] 高广立.论金顶铅锌矿床的地质问题.地球科学.1989,14(5):467~475
[7] 高建华. 滇西金顶铅锌矿床和蒸发岩建造成因关系的初步探讨. 地球科学.1989, 14(5): 513~522.
[8] 高兰,王安建,等.兰坪金顶铅锌矿床研究新进展:侵位角砾岩的发现及其地质意义.地质论评(待刊). 2005
[9] 管烨,王安建,曹殿华,等.滇西兰坪-思茅盆地“中轴”断裂带的深部特征及其研究意义.地质学报 (待刊).2005
[10]何龙清,陈开旭,余凤鸣,等.云南兰坪盆地推覆构造及其控矿作用.地质与勘探.2004,40(4):7~12
[11]侯恩科,吴立新.三维地学模拟几个方面的研究现状与发展趋势.煤田地质与勘探.2000,28(6):5~6
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