金属铅与三丁基锡化合物海水水质基准研究
摘要
水质基准值是污染物生态效应的科学反映,而非法定的允许限值。因此,海水水质基准指示了海洋环境对特定污染物受纳能力的底线,是制定海水水质标准的准绳和科学根据。在海洋资源的持续利用和海洋环境保护实践中,海水水质基准起着基础性的支撑作用。因而毋庸置疑,海水水质基准在保护我国海水水质质量层面上起着关键的作用。
本论文比较研究了各国/机构建立海水水质基准的科学理论和技术方法,确立了本文中海水水质基准的推导方法,并依据具有我国生物区系特征的生态毒理学毒性数据推导出金属铅和三丁基锡化合物的海水水质基准。
本论文所导出之金属铅和三丁基锡的海水水质基准不是传统意义上的单值基准,而是以双值基准的形式表征。其一为海水水质基准高值(HSWC),旨在保护海洋生物免受高浓度污染物短期作用的不利影响,HSWC主要用于保护海洋水生生物安全,采用的是海洋水生动物的急性毒性数据应用模型外推法推导而得;其二为海水水质基准低值(LSWC),旨在为海洋生物(包括海洋藻类)和人体健康提供适当的保护,使其免受低浓度污染物长期作用的不利影响,由于LSWC须同时保护海洋水生生物安全和人体健康,因而LSWC为基于急性毒性数据和急慢性比,采用模型外推法推导所得之值,以及由每日安全摄入量反演所得之值中低值。
在本论文中,推导所得金属铅的海水水质基准高值为8.00×10~(-2)mg/L,海水水质低值为2.00×10~(-4)mg/L;推导所得三丁基锡的海水水质基准高值为6.00×10~(-1)μg/L,海水水质低值为2.06×10~(-3)μg/L。金属铅和三丁基锡化合物的海水水质基准皆是以多门类水生生物的毒性数据采用模型外推法推导而得,较好地反映金属铅和三丁基锡化合物的海洋环境生态毒性效应。
The water quality criteria are the scientific reflection of ecological effects for pollutants, rather than the statutory limits. The seawater quality criteria indicate the marine environment baselines for receiving contaminants. And the seawater quality criteria are the scientific foundation of the seawater quality standards. There is no doubt that seawater quality criteria play a very important role in protecting the mairne environment and sustainable utilization of marine resources.
In this dissertation, the scientific and technical components for deriving the seawater quality criteria in different countries or institutes were comparatively studied in detail, and the method to derive seawater quality criteria in this dissertation are established. Then the seawater quality criteria for lead and tributyltin compounds were derived on the basis of toxicological data with Chinese biota characteristics.
The derived seawater quality criteria for lead and tributyltin compounds are expressed in two values, rather than the traditional single value. One is the High Seawater Quality Criterion (HSWC), protecting of marine aquatic animals from unacceptable acute effects of high concentrations pollutants. Then the HSWC is derived by applying the statistical extrapolation method based on the acute toxicity of contaminants to the aquatic animals. And the other is the Low Seawater Quality Criterion (LSWC), provides an appropriate protection for marine aquatic organisms (include the algae) from chronic toxicity and hygienic for edible seafood. The LSWC is not only for protecting the marine aquatic organisms from chronic toxicity of contaminant, but also for the human beings. So the LSWC is derived by applying the statistical extrapolation method based on the acute toxicity data of contaminants to the aquatic organisms and the acute chronic ratios and the seafood hygiene limits.
The HSWC for lead is 8.00×10~(-2)mg/L, the HSWC for lead is 2.00×10~(-4)mg/L. And that the HSWC and LSWC for tributyltin compounds are 6.40×10~(-1)μg/L and 2.06×10~(-3)μg/L. The seawater quality criteria for lead and tributyltin compounds are derived with the statistical extrapolation methed, and on the basis of an appropriate variety of taxonomic in this dissertation. So that the criteria accurately reflect toxicicological of lead and tributyltin compounds in marine environment.
本论文比较研究了各国/机构建立海水水质基准的科学理论和技术方法,确立了本文中海水水质基准的推导方法,并依据具有我国生物区系特征的生态毒理学毒性数据推导出金属铅和三丁基锡化合物的海水水质基准。
本论文所导出之金属铅和三丁基锡的海水水质基准不是传统意义上的单值基准,而是以双值基准的形式表征。其一为海水水质基准高值(HSWC),旨在保护海洋生物免受高浓度污染物短期作用的不利影响,HSWC主要用于保护海洋水生生物安全,采用的是海洋水生动物的急性毒性数据应用模型外推法推导而得;其二为海水水质基准低值(LSWC),旨在为海洋生物(包括海洋藻类)和人体健康提供适当的保护,使其免受低浓度污染物长期作用的不利影响,由于LSWC须同时保护海洋水生生物安全和人体健康,因而LSWC为基于急性毒性数据和急慢性比,采用模型外推法推导所得之值,以及由每日安全摄入量反演所得之值中低值。
在本论文中,推导所得金属铅的海水水质基准高值为8.00×10~(-2)mg/L,海水水质低值为2.00×10~(-4)mg/L;推导所得三丁基锡的海水水质基准高值为6.00×10~(-1)μg/L,海水水质低值为2.06×10~(-3)μg/L。金属铅和三丁基锡化合物的海水水质基准皆是以多门类水生生物的毒性数据采用模型外推法推导而得,较好地反映金属铅和三丁基锡化合物的海洋环境生态毒性效应。
The water quality criteria are the scientific reflection of ecological effects for pollutants, rather than the statutory limits. The seawater quality criteria indicate the marine environment baselines for receiving contaminants. And the seawater quality criteria are the scientific foundation of the seawater quality standards. There is no doubt that seawater quality criteria play a very important role in protecting the mairne environment and sustainable utilization of marine resources.
In this dissertation, the scientific and technical components for deriving the seawater quality criteria in different countries or institutes were comparatively studied in detail, and the method to derive seawater quality criteria in this dissertation are established. Then the seawater quality criteria for lead and tributyltin compounds were derived on the basis of toxicological data with Chinese biota characteristics.
The derived seawater quality criteria for lead and tributyltin compounds are expressed in two values, rather than the traditional single value. One is the High Seawater Quality Criterion (HSWC), protecting of marine aquatic animals from unacceptable acute effects of high concentrations pollutants. Then the HSWC is derived by applying the statistical extrapolation method based on the acute toxicity of contaminants to the aquatic animals. And the other is the Low Seawater Quality Criterion (LSWC), provides an appropriate protection for marine aquatic organisms (include the algae) from chronic toxicity and hygienic for edible seafood. The LSWC is not only for protecting the marine aquatic organisms from chronic toxicity of contaminant, but also for the human beings. So the LSWC is derived by applying the statistical extrapolation method based on the acute toxicity data of contaminants to the aquatic organisms and the acute chronic ratios and the seafood hygiene limits.
The HSWC for lead is 8.00×10~(-2)mg/L, the HSWC for lead is 2.00×10~(-4)mg/L. And that the HSWC and LSWC for tributyltin compounds are 6.40×10~(-1)μg/L and 2.06×10~(-3)μg/L. The seawater quality criteria for lead and tributyltin compounds are derived with the statistical extrapolation methed, and on the basis of an appropriate variety of taxonomic in this dissertation. So that the criteria accurately reflect toxicicological of lead and tributyltin compounds in marine environment.
引文
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