MBR中污泥EPS变化及其对反应器运行的影响
|
摘要
膜生物反应器(MBR)将活性污泥工艺与膜分离工艺相结合,与传统活性污泥工艺相比具有占地面积小、污泥产率低等优点,是近几年来受到普遍重视的新型生物反应器。然而膜污染和高昂的投资费用是影响膜生物反应器进一步推广应用的主要因素。本课题采用浸没式MBR处理城市污水,通过收集自2006年5月启动调试至2007年10月近一年半的运行数据,系统研究了污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取方法、在反应器内的变化特征以及对MBR运行的影响。
首先,采用七种方法(热、酸、碱处理等)提取MBR中污泥EPS,研究了这些方法对于污泥EPS的最佳提取条件。在针对MBR中活性污泥EPS的提取方面,综合考虑提取总量、细胞破坏程度以及操作的难易度, EDTA二钠和热提取是最简便有效的两种提取方法。
其次,在取样数据的基础上应用克里格插值的方法对数据进行空间插值,并结合Surfer 8.0软件将结果直观地显示出来,具体结论如下:在水平面中,长度方向上EPS总量以及作为主要成份的多糖和蛋白质分布均呈两头高中间低的形式,宽度方向上EPS则呈现出中间高,向两边逐渐递减的趋势,之后在稍远离膜组件的地方又有所回升。在竖直面中,EPS浓度随着深度的增加呈递减的趋势。
再次,以稳定运行的试验数据为基础研究了曝气强度、有机负荷和SRT与污泥EPS变化的关系以及污泥EPS对污泥沉降性能的影响。同时发现,膜生物反应器中溶解性EPS的积累会对污泥的MLVSS/MLSS和脱氢酶活性产生不利影响,抑制微生物代谢活性。微生物代谢产物是混合液上清液和出水中的有机污染物中的重要组成部分。
最后,通过运行数据从膜的生物污染角度解释了曝气强度、污泥浓度和有机负荷对于微滤膜污染速率的影响,从而得出了减缓膜的生物污染的最佳工况范围。
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) combines the activated sludge process with a membrane separation process. Membrane Bioreactor is a comparably new type of biological reactor that has attracted great attention in recent years. The advantages offered by MBR over conventional activated sludge process (ASP) include a small footprint, reduced sludge production and so on. However, membrane fouling and high cost are main factors that prevent MBR from applied further. In this dissertation, submerged membrane bioreactor was used to treat municipal wastewater. Through collecting the operation data from startup from May 2006 to October 2007, the extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), diversification of EPS and its influence to bioreactor operation were studied.
First, the optimum conditions and effectiveness of extraction of EPS from activated sludge in membrane bioreactor were studied under seven conditions, such as thermal, acid, alkaline methods. After giving overall considerations to the accuracy, simplicity, attraction efficacy and the damage to the sludge cell, it was concluded that both thermal treatment and EDTA bi-sodium treatment were effective according to the extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from activated sludge in membrane bioreactor (MBR).
Second, sampling data was spatial interpolated by Krieger interpolation method, and software Surfer 8.0 was applied to display the results straightly. Experimental results showed that: in level, the gross EPS was higher at both sides but lower in the centre lengthwise. The diversification trend of carbohydrates and protein, which were the main components, was the same. Nevertheless, the gross EPS was higher in the centre, decreased to both sides but increased when slightly far from the membrane module widthwise. In vertical, the gross EPS decreased with the increase of depth.
Third, based on experimental data, the relationships of the diversification of EPS with aeration intensity, organic loading and sludge retention time (SRT) as well as their influences on sludge settleability were studied. Moreover, the accumulation of soluble EPS in MBR had adverse effect on sludge MLVSS/MLSS value and dehydrogenase activity, and the microbial metabolism activity was then restrained. The microbial metabolism products were main pollutants of mixture supernatant and effluent.
Finally, through operation data, the influences of aeration intensity, sludge concentration and organic loading on microfiltration membrane fouling were explained in terms of membrane biological fouling. Accordingly, the range of optimum operation modes was obtained to lessen membrane biological fouling.
首先,采用七种方法(热、酸、碱处理等)提取MBR中污泥EPS,研究了这些方法对于污泥EPS的最佳提取条件。在针对MBR中活性污泥EPS的提取方面,综合考虑提取总量、细胞破坏程度以及操作的难易度, EDTA二钠和热提取是最简便有效的两种提取方法。
其次,在取样数据的基础上应用克里格插值的方法对数据进行空间插值,并结合Surfer 8.0软件将结果直观地显示出来,具体结论如下:在水平面中,长度方向上EPS总量以及作为主要成份的多糖和蛋白质分布均呈两头高中间低的形式,宽度方向上EPS则呈现出中间高,向两边逐渐递减的趋势,之后在稍远离膜组件的地方又有所回升。在竖直面中,EPS浓度随着深度的增加呈递减的趋势。
再次,以稳定运行的试验数据为基础研究了曝气强度、有机负荷和SRT与污泥EPS变化的关系以及污泥EPS对污泥沉降性能的影响。同时发现,膜生物反应器中溶解性EPS的积累会对污泥的MLVSS/MLSS和脱氢酶活性产生不利影响,抑制微生物代谢活性。微生物代谢产物是混合液上清液和出水中的有机污染物中的重要组成部分。
最后,通过运行数据从膜的生物污染角度解释了曝气强度、污泥浓度和有机负荷对于微滤膜污染速率的影响,从而得出了减缓膜的生物污染的最佳工况范围。
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) combines the activated sludge process with a membrane separation process. Membrane Bioreactor is a comparably new type of biological reactor that has attracted great attention in recent years. The advantages offered by MBR over conventional activated sludge process (ASP) include a small footprint, reduced sludge production and so on. However, membrane fouling and high cost are main factors that prevent MBR from applied further. In this dissertation, submerged membrane bioreactor was used to treat municipal wastewater. Through collecting the operation data from startup from May 2006 to October 2007, the extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), diversification of EPS and its influence to bioreactor operation were studied.
First, the optimum conditions and effectiveness of extraction of EPS from activated sludge in membrane bioreactor were studied under seven conditions, such as thermal, acid, alkaline methods. After giving overall considerations to the accuracy, simplicity, attraction efficacy and the damage to the sludge cell, it was concluded that both thermal treatment and EDTA bi-sodium treatment were effective according to the extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from activated sludge in membrane bioreactor (MBR).
Second, sampling data was spatial interpolated by Krieger interpolation method, and software Surfer 8.0 was applied to display the results straightly. Experimental results showed that: in level, the gross EPS was higher at both sides but lower in the centre lengthwise. The diversification trend of carbohydrates and protein, which were the main components, was the same. Nevertheless, the gross EPS was higher in the centre, decreased to both sides but increased when slightly far from the membrane module widthwise. In vertical, the gross EPS decreased with the increase of depth.
Third, based on experimental data, the relationships of the diversification of EPS with aeration intensity, organic loading and sludge retention time (SRT) as well as their influences on sludge settleability were studied. Moreover, the accumulation of soluble EPS in MBR had adverse effect on sludge MLVSS/MLSS value and dehydrogenase activity, and the microbial metabolism activity was then restrained. The microbial metabolism products were main pollutants of mixture supernatant and effluent.
Finally, through operation data, the influences of aeration intensity, sludge concentration and organic loading on microfiltration membrane fouling were explained in terms of membrane biological fouling. Accordingly, the range of optimum operation modes was obtained to lessen membrane biological fouling.
引文
[1]刘茉娥,蔡邦肖,陈益棠主编.膜技术在污水治理及回用中的应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[2]马静,陈涛,申碧峰等.水资源利用国内外比较与发展趋势[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(1):6～13
[3]肖锦主编.城市污水处理及回用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2002
[4]牟全君.我国10万t/d以下城市污水处理工艺[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2006,7(3):96～100
[5]金兆丰,徐竟成主编.城市污水回用技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[6]张自杰,林荣忱,金儒霖.排水工程(下册)(第四版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[7]尹军,陈雷,王鹤立.城市污水的资源再生及热能回收利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[8]魏娜,程晓如,刘宇鹏.浅谈国内外污水回用的主要途径[J].节水灌溉,2006,(1):34～36
[9]陈亚平,康永祥.城市污水回用及其途径[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(3):382～386
[10]金兆丰,王键.我国污水回用现状及发展趋势[J].环境保护,2001,(11):39～41
[11]王志文,朱维斌,许光明.城市污水回用问题分析[J].水资源保护,2004,(3):15～16
[12]史晓燕,肖波,李建芬.城市污水循环再生利用的环境效益及其应用状况[J].节水灌溉,2007,37(4):1～5
[13]李本高,汪燮卿.污水回用技术进展与发展趋势[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(4):1～5
[14] M. Petala, V. Tsiridis, P. Samaras, et al. Wastewater reclamation by advanced treatment of secondary effluents[J]. Desalination, 2006, 195(1-3):109～118
[15]唐蕾,黄胜.城市污水回用技术及发展趋势[J].广州化工,2007,35(3):72～73
[16]李善仁,夏四清.污水回用处理技术现状分析[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(1):24～27
[17]周军,王佳伟,应启峰等.城市污水再生利用现状分析[J].给水排水,2004,30(2):12～17
[18]聂梅生.美国污水回用技术调查分析[J].给水排水,2001,27(9):1～3
[19]孙小平.我国城市污水处理的现状及发展对策[J].中国科技信息,2006,(4):89
[20]程芳琴,李睿,杨凤玲.膜生物反应器的研究进展[J].现代生物医学进展,2007,7(5):757～760
[21] Aileen N.L. Ng, Albert S. Kim. A mini-review of modeling studies on membrane bioreactor(MBR) treatment for municipal wastewaters[J]. Desalination, 2007, 212(1-3): 261～281
[22]刘欣.膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用[J].化工文摘,2007,(3):50～53
[23]程钟,邱谨楠.膜生物反应器的研究及在废水处理中的应用[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(3):30～33
[24] Christelle Wisniewski. Membrane bioreactor for water reuse[J]. Desalination, 2007, 203(1-3):15～19
[25] T. Melin, B. Jefferson, D. Bixio, et al. Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse[J]. Desalination, 2006, 187(1-3):271～282
[26]王维军,周红星,刘大江.污水再生利用处理技术-膜生物反应器[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,2005,23(3):8～10
[27]杨小丽,王世和.膜生物反应器研究现状及展望[J].污染防治技术,2002,15(4):28～30
[28]况家瓒,刘海滨,赵高菲等.污水处理中膜生物反应器的应用研究[J].矿业工程,2005,3 (6):54～56
[29]何静,万新南.膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用及研究[J].广州微量元素科学,2006,13 (9):16～22
[30]谭译,李勇,黄勇.膜生物反应器的优缺点及改进思路[J].江苏环境科技,2006,19(6):49～53
[31]张全忠,韩春梅.膜生物反应器应用现状及存在的问题[J].环境科学与管理,2005,30(4):42～43
[32]杨帆,宋志伟.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用现状及展望[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(5):36～39
[33]王仲旭,汤兵,郑艳芬等.膜生物反应器在废水处理中的研究现状[J].环境保护科学,2005,31(6):24～26
[34]丁尚起,王润华.膜生物反应器在中水工程的应用[J].地下水,2004,26(2):112～114
[35]张文.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用研究[J].广东化工,2006,33(11):66～69
[36]刘岩,李志东,蒋林时.膜生物反应器(MBR)处理废水的研究进展[J].长春理工大学学报,2007,30(1):99～101
[37] Tom Stephenson, Simon Judd, Bruce Jefferson, et al著,张树国,李咏梅译.膜生物反应器污水处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[38]李凤亭,王亮,刘华等.膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用和新发展[J].工业水处理,2005,25(1):10～13
[39]刘颖,高艳玲,吕立宏.MBR技术在污水处理中的应用[J].沈阳大学学报,2006,18(2):70～72
[40]杨红群,周艳玲.膜生物反应器的技术研究[J].环境保护科学,2006,32(3):13～15
[41] Eric Mc Lamorea, W. Andrew Jackson, Audra Morse. A biotic transport in a membrane aerated bioreactor[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2007, 298(1-2): 110～116
[42] Michael Semmens, Denise Hanus. Studies of a membrane aerated bioreactor for wastewater treatment[J]. Membrane Technology, 1999, 1999(111): 9～13
[43]吴俊奇,于莉,曹健.膜生物反应器的研究现状[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2004,20(3):12～15
[44]李静,杜启云,戴海平.污水处理中膜生物反应器的研究进展[J].天津工业大学学报,2003,22(6):18～21
[45] Boris Lesjean, Tor Ove Leiknes, Rita Hochstrat, et al. MBR: Technology gets timely EU cash boost[J]. Filtration and Separation, 2006, 43(9): 20～23
[46]魏源送,郑祥,刘俊新.国外膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2003,23(1):1～7
[47]孟凡生,王业耀.膜生物反应器在我国的研究发展展望[J].水资源保护,2005,21(4):1～3
[48]赵英,白晓琴,高飞亚等.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(12):33～36
[49]于水利,赵方波.膜生物反应器技术发展沿革与展望[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(2):1～3
[50]刘锐,黄霞,陈吕军.一体式膜生物反应器处理洗浴污水[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(1):6～9
[51]付国楷,余健,郑宪明等.膜生物反应器的研究与展望[J].工业水处理,2003,23(10):1～3
[52] H. Kishino, H. Ishida, H. Iwabu, et al. Domestic wastewater reuse using a submerged membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination, 1996, 106 (1-3):115～119
[53] Muhammad H. Al-Malack. Performance of an immersed membrane bioreactor (IMBR) [J]. Desalination, 2007, 214 (1-3):112～127
[54]彭亚男.膜生物反应器的研究[J].化学工程师,2004,108(9):58～60
[55]付婉霞,李蕾.膜生物反应器处理盥洗废水运行参数的选择[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2002,18(2):22～25
[56]鲍建国,卢学实.一体式膜生物反应器处理港口污水及回用[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(9):37～38
[57]常颖,王宝贞,高欣.复合式膜生物反应器的小区污水回用试验研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(2):152～l56
[58]徐元勤,丛广治,刘德滨等.膜生物反应器用于城市污水处理与回用的试验研究[J].膜科学与技术,2003,23(3):46～48
[59]彭若梦,王艳.A/O膜生物反应器处理炼油废水并回用[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(8):78～80
[60]贾海涛,杨开,贾之辉.应用膜生物反应器处理电镀厂废水的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2003,26(2):38～41
[61]田爱军,李健生,孙秀云等.一体式膜生物反应器工艺中膜过滤特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(3):59～60
[62] Pierre Le-Clech, Vicki Chen, Tony A.G. Fane. Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 284 (1-2): 17～53
[63] Hugh Thomas, Simon Judd, John Murrer. Fouling characteristics of membrane filtration in membrane bioreactors[J]. Membrane Technology, 2000, 2000(122): 10～13
[64]张颖,任南琪,吴忆宁等.一体式膜生物反应器膜污染现象及清洗试验研究[J].化学工程,2004,32 (2):57～60
[65] A. L. Lim, Renbi Bai. Membrane fouling and cleaning in microfiltration of activated sludge wastewater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 279～290
[66] Wontae Lee, Seoktae Kang, Hangsik Shin. Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 217～227
[67] Yonghun Lee, Jinwoo Cho, Youngwoo Sea, et al. Modeling of submerged membrane bioreactor process for wastewater treatment[J]. Desalination, 2002, 146(1-3): 451～457
[68] In-Soung Chang, Soon-Ouk Bag, Chung-Hak Lee. Effects of membrane fouling on solute rejection during membrane filtration of activated sludge[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2001, 36(8-9) : 855～860
[69]张洪杰,于水利,赵方波等.膜生物反应器膜污染影响因素的分析[J].哈尔宾商业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,21(4):440～443
[70]孟凡刚,张捍民,李艳松等.膜生物反应器膜污染数学模型研究进展[J].水处理技术,2005,31 (10):1～4
[71] T. Wintgens, J. Rosen, T. Melin, et al. Modeling of a membrane bioreactor system for municipal wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216 (1-2): 55～65
[72] Grishma R. Shetty, Shankararaman Chellam. Predicting membrane fouling during municipal drinking water nanofiltration using artificial neural networks[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 217(1-2): 69～86.
[73]万金保,伍海辉.降低膜生物反应器中膜污染的研究[J].工业用水与废水,2003,34(3):5～8
[74] Sven Lyko, Thomas Wintgens, Djamila Al-Halbouni, et al. Long-term monitoring of a full-scale municipal membrane bioreactor-Characterization of foul ants and operational performance[J]. Journal of Membrane Science , 2007 ,doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2007.07.008
[75]刘研萍,王琳,王进等.膜生物反应器的污染及防治[J].工业水处理,2004,24(6):5～9
[76]杨明珍,郎成明,汪国刚.浸没式膜生物反应器膜污染研究现状[J].工业水处理,2007,27(5):1～3
[77]王建龙,彭永臻,王淑莹.膜污染成因及控制对策研究新进展[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(6):101～102
[78]付婉霞,李蕾.膜生物反应器中膜的清洗方法和机理研究[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2004,5(8):43~46
[79]李军,张刚,江定国等.延缓膜生物反应器中膜污染的措施探讨[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(10):9～13
[80]霍守亮,黄显怀,刘绍根等.膜生物反应器在污水处理中膜污染及其防治[J].工业水处理,2004,24(8): 9～13
[81] Jung-Goo Choi, Tae-Hyun Bae, Jung-Hak Kim, et al. The behavior of membrane fouling initiation on the cross flow membrane bioreactor system[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2002, 203(1-2): 103～113
[82] Nobuhiro Yamato, Katsuki Kimura, Taro Miyoshi, et al. Difference in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) caused by membrane polymer materials[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 280(1-2): 911～919
[83]宋伟,杨平.膜生物反应器中膜孔堵塞的影响因素及控制方法[J].化工环保,2007,27(3):240～244
[84] Yasutoshi Shimizu, Yu-Ichi Okuno, Katsushi Uryu, et al. Filtration characteristics of hollow fiber microfiltration membranes used in membrane bioreactor for domestic wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,1996,30(10): 2385～2392
[85] In-Soung Chang, Kwang-Ho Choo, Chung-Hak Lee, et al. Application of ceramic membrane as a pretreatment in anaerobic digestion of alcohol-distillery wastes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1994, 90(1-2): 13l～139
[86] K H Choo, C H Lee. Effect of anaerobic digestion broth composition on membrane permeability[J]. Water Science and Techno1ogy, 1996, 34(9): l73～179
[87] Fangang Meng, Hanmin Zhang, Fenglin Yang, et al. Identification of activated sludge properties affecting membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2006, 51 (1): 95～103
[88] R. Shane Trussell, Rion P. Merlo, Slawomir W. Hermanowicz, et al. Influence of mixed liquor properties and aeration intensity on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor at high mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41 (5): 947～958
[89]梁红英,金奇庭.膜生物反应器生物污染及其控制.工业用水与废水,2006, 37(5):7～10
[90] Francesca Durante, Gaetano Di Bella, Michele Torregrossa, et al. Particle size distribution and biomass growth in a submerged membrane bioreactor [J]. Desalination , 2006, 199 (1-3): 93～495
[91]欧志阳,汤兵,王仲旭.膜生物反应器中的膜污染及其防治[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(5):40～43
[92]许艳红,赵新华,孙宝盛等.一体式膜生物反应器中料液粘度的研究[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(4):34～36
[93] Fangang Meng, Fenglin Yang, Jingni Xiao, et al. A new insight into membrane fouling mechanism during membrane filtration of bulking and normal sludge suspension[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1-2): 159～165
[94] Zhiwei Wang , Zhichao Wu, Guoping Yu, et al. Relation- ship between sludge characteristics and membrane flux determination in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 284 (1-2): 87～94
[95] M Gander, B Jefferson, S Judd. Aerobic MBRs for domestic wastewater treatment: a review with cost considerations[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2000, 18(2): 119～130
[96] Metealf, Eddy. Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse(4th Edition)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[97] Laure Defrance, Michel Y. Jaffrin, Bharat Gupta, et al. Contribution of various constituents of activated sludge to membrane bioreactor fouling[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 73(2): 105～112
[980] Romuald Van Kaam, Dominique Anne-Archard, Marion Alliet, et al. Aeration mode, shear stress and sludge rheology in a submerged membrane bioreactor: some keys of energy saving[J]. Desalination, 2006, 199(1-3): 482～484
[99] J.A. Howell, H.C. Chua, T.C. Arnot. In situ manipulation of critical flux in a submerged membrane bioreactor using variable aeration rates, and effects of membrane history[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004, 242 (1-2): 13～19
[100] Giuseppe Guglielmi, Devendra Prakash Saroj, Daniele Chiarani, et al. Sub-critical fouling in a membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment: Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(17): 3903～3914
[101] Rui Liu, Xia Huang , You Feng Sun, et al. Hydrodynamic effect on sludge accumulation over membrane surfaces in a submerged membrane bioreactor[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2003, 39 (2): 157～163
[102] Fengshen Fan, Hongde Zhou, Hadi Husain. Identification of wastewater sludge characteristics to predict critical flux for membrane bioreactor processes[J]. Water Research, 2006 , 40(2): 205～212
[103] G. Guglielmi, D. Chiarani, S.J. Judd, et al. Flux criticality and sustainability in a hollow fibre submerged membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2007, 289(1-2): 241～248
[104] Kaichang Yu, Xianghua Wen, QingJie Bu, et al. Critical flux enhancements with air sparging in axial hollow fibers cross-flow microfiltration of biologically treated wastewater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 224(1-2): 69～79
[105] Hyeok Choi, Kai Zhang, Dionysios D. Dionysio, et al. Effect of permeate flux and tangential flow on membrane fouling for wastewater treatment[J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2005, 45 (1): 68～78
[106] Darren Delai Sun, Choon Teck Hay, Swee Loong Khor. Effects of hydraulic retention time on behavior of start-up submerged membrane bioreactor with prolonged sludge retention time[J]. Desalination, 2006, 195 (1-3): 209～225
[107] Sung-Soo Han, Tae-Hyun Bae, Gyung-Gug Jang, et al. Influence of sludge retention time on membrane fouling and bioactivities in membrane bioreactor system[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(7): 2393～2400
[108]彭跃莲,刘忠洲.膜生物反应器中影响膜透水量的几个因素[J].水处理技术,2000,26(6):326～332
[109] Kimberly L. Jones, Charles R. O’Melia. Protein and humic acid adsorption onto hydrophilic membrane surfaces: effects of pH and ionic strength[J]. Journal of Membrane Science. 2000, 165 (1) : 31～46
[110] A. Maartens, P. Swart, E. P. Jacobs. Feed-water pretreatment: methods to reduce membrane fouling by natural organic matter[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1999, 163 (1) : 51～62
[111]纪磊,周集体,张秀红等.膜生物反应器中进水组成对膜污染的影响[J].环境科学,2007, 28(1): 131～136
[112]王国华,孙新.一体式膜生物反应器的在线反冲洗研究[J].上海建设科技,2006, (6): 32～33
[113]李明波,金奇庭.膜生物反应器中膜污染问题讨论[J].四川环境,2004,3(3):13～17
[114] Hai-Yin Yu, Zhi-Kang Xua, Hao Lei , et al. Photoinduced graft polymerization of acrylamide on polypropylene microporous membranes for the improvement of antifouling characteristics in a submerged membrane-bioreactor[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2007, 53(1): 119～125
[115]吕晓龙,韩殉,马世虎.聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的改性研究[J].天津工业大学学报,2004,23(4):24～27
[116] Filica Wicaksana, Fanc A G, Chen V. The relationship between critical flux andfiber movement induced by bubbling in a submerged hollow fiber system[A]. IWA Specialty Conference: Water Environment-Membrane Technology[C]. Seoul: Seoul National University, 2004
[117]邹联沛,王宝贞,张捍民.膜生物反应器中膜的堵塞与清洗的机理研究[J].给水排水,2000,26(9):73～76
[118] H. K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran, In S. Kim, et al. Effect of pretreatment on the fouling of membranes: application in biologically treated sewage effluent[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004, 234(1-2): 111～120
[119]孙逊,孙瑾,张栋华等.粉末活性炭对膜过滤性能的影响[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2006,7(12):89～91
[120]杨宗政,顾平.膜生物反应器运行中的膜污染及其控制[J].膜科学与技术,2005,25(2):80～84
[121] S. P. Hong, T. H. Bae, T. M. Tak, et al. Fouling control in activated sludge submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactors[J]. Desalination, 2002, 143(3): 219～228
[122] Fangang Meng, Fenglin Yang, Baoqiang Shi, et al. A comprehensive study on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors operated under different aeration intensities[J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2008, 59(1): 91～100
[123]邓雁平,叶亚平,钱维兰等.不同物理清洗方式对一体式膜生物反应器过滤特性的影响[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(6):59～63
[124] Lim A L, Renbi Bai. Membrane fouling and cleaning in microfiltration of activated sludge wastewater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 279～290
[125] Li Jianxin, Hallbauer D K, Sanderson R D. Direct monitoring of membrane fouling and cleaning during ultrafiltration using a noninvasive ultrasonic technique[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 215(1-2): 33～52
[126] Jianxin Li, R. D. Sanderson, D. K. Hallbauer, et al. Measurement and modeling of organic fouling deposition in uhrafiltration by ultrasonic transfer signals and reflections[J]. Desalination, 2002, 146(1-3): 177～185
[127] A. L. Ahmad, N. Ibrahim. Automated electrophmretic membrane cleaning for dead-end microfihration and uhrafiltration[J]. Separation and purification Technology, 2002, 29(2): 105～l12
[128]孟凡生,王业耀.膜生物反应器在我国的研究发展展望[J].水资源保护,2005,21(4):1～3
[129]金若菲,周集体,王竞等.膜生物反应器中的生物学特征[J].微生物学通报,2004,31(2):121～125
[130]王红武,李晓岩,赵庆祥.胞外聚合物对活性污泥沉降和絮凝性能的影响研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(9):31～34
[131]杨义飞,包常华,周玲玲等.胞外聚合物的生成特性及其对污水生物处理的影响[J].市政工程,2003,13(9):31～34
[132] Duncan J. Barker, David C. Stuckey. A review of soluble microbial products (SMP) in wastewater treatment systems[J]. Water Research, 1999, 33(14): 3063～3082
[133] Chrysi S. Laspidou, Bruce E. Rittmann. A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, and active and inert biomass[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(11): 2711～2720
[134] Albert S. Kim, Huaiqun Chen, Rong Yuan. EPS biofouling in membrane filtration: An analytic modeling study[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2006, 303(1): 243～249
[135] Bo Fr?lund, Rikke Palmgren, Kristian Keiding, et al. Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin[J]. Water Research, 1996, 30(8): 1749～1758
[136]蒋巍,钟方丽,史晋宜等.生物膜胞外聚合物的研究进展[J].吉林化工学院学报,2001,18(3):85～88
[137]王暄,季民,王景峰等.好氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(8):91～93
[138] Xiaoqi Zhang, Paul L. Bishop, Brian K. Kinkle. Comparison of extraction methods for quantifying extracellular polymers in biofilms[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1999, 39(7): 211～218
[139] Melanie J. Brown, J. N. Lester. Metal removal in activated sludge: the role of bacterial extracellular polymers[J]. Water Research, 1979,13(9): 817～837
[140] Sophie Comte, Gilles Guibaud, Michel Baudu. Effect of extraction method on EPS from activated sludge: An HPSEC investigation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 140 (1-2): 129～137
[141] S. Comte, G. Guibaud, M. Baudu. Relations between extraction protocols for activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and EPS complexation properties: Part I. Comparison of the efficiency of eight EPS extraction methods[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006, 38(1-2): 237～245
[142] Hong Liu, Herbert H.P. Fang. Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludges[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2002, 95(3): 249～256
[143] Forster C. F. The production of polymers from activated sludge by ethanolic extraction and its relation to treatment plant operation[J].Water Pollution Control, 1983, 82(4): 430～433
[144]董德明,康春莉,李忠华等.磷酸氢二钾法分离自然水体中的生物膜胞外聚合物[J].科学技术与工程,2002,2 (5):51～53
[145]刘志杰,谢华,俞毓馨等.厌氧污泥胞外多聚物的提取、测定法选择[J].环境科学,1994,15(4):23～26
[146]李绍峰,王雪芹,王宏杰等.阳离子树脂法提取活性污泥胞外聚合物的研究[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2006,7(11):41～44
[147]罗曦,雷中方,刘翔.胞外聚合物的提取、组成及其对污泥性质的影响[J].城市环境与城市生态,2005,18(5):38～41
[148] Chul Park, John T. Novak. Characterization of activated sludge exocellular polymers using several cation-associated extraction methods[J]. Process Biochemistry , 2007, 41(8): 1679～1688
[149] J. Wawrzynczyk, E. Szewczyk, O. Norrl?w, et al. Application of enzymes, sodium tripolyphosphate and cation exchange resin for the release of extracellular polymeric substances from sewage sludge Characterization of the extracted polysaccharides/glycoconjugates by a panel of lectins[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2007, 130(3): 274～281
[150] Delia Teresa Sponza. Extracellular polymer substances and physicochemical properties of flocs in steady and unsteady-state activated sludge systems[J] . Process Biochemistry , 2002, 37(9): 983～998
[151] Delia Teresa Sponza. Investigation of extracellular polymer substances( EPS) and physicochemical properties of different activated sludge flocs under steady - state conditions[J] . Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2003, 32(3-4): 375～385
[152] Boyette S, Mette J M, Gaboda W, et al.Cell surface and exopolymer characterization of laboratory stabilized activated sludge from a beverage bottling plant[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 43(6): 175～184
[153] Jennifer I. Houghton, Tom Stephenson. Effect of influent organic content on digested sludge extracellular polymer content and dewaterability[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(14): 3620～3628
[154]李久义,左华,栾兆坤等.不同基质条件对生物膜细胞外聚合物组成和含量的影响[J].环境化学,2002,21(6):546～550
[155]罗曦,雷中方,张振亚等.好氧/厌氧污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1624～1629
[156] Shin H S, Kang S T, Nam S Y. Effect of carbohydrate and protein in the EPS on sludge settling characteristics [J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 43(6): 193～196
[157] Lei Ji, Jiti Zhou. Influence of aeration on microbial polymers and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 276(1-2): 168～177
[158]周伟伟,傅金祥,由昆等.膜生物反应器中胞外聚合物合成的影响因素[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(3):493～495
[159] Moshe Sheintuch. Steady-state modeling of reactor-settler interaction[J]. Water Research, 1987, 21(12): 1463～1472
[160] B. Q. Liao, D. G. Allen, I. G. Droppo, et al. Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability[J] . Water Research, 2001, 35(2): 339～350
[161] J Andreas Jahn, Per Halkj?r Nielsen. Cell biomass and exopolymer composition in sewer biofilms[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1998, 37(1): 17～24
[162] Chackrit Nuengjamnong, Ji Hyang Kweon, Jinwoo Cho, et al. Membrane fouling caused by extracellular polymeric substances during microfiltration processes[J]. Desalination, 2005, 179(1-3): 117～124
[163] D. J. Batstone, J. Keller. Variation of bulk properties of anaerobic granules with wastewater type [J]. Water Research, 2001, 35(7): 1723～1729
[164] Tae-Young Jeong, Gi-Cheol Cha, Ik-Keun Yoo, et al. Characteristics of bio-fouling in a submerged MBR[J]. Desalination, 2007, 207(1-3): 107～113
[165]郑蕾,田禹,孙德智.pH值对活性污泥胞外聚合物分子结构和表面特征影响研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1507～1511
[166]李绍峰,崔崇威,黄君礼.胞外聚合物EPS对MBR膜污染的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(2):266～269
[167] Jia X.S., Fang Herbert H. P., H. Furumai. Surface charge and extracellular polymer of sludge in the anaerobic degradation process[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(5): 309～316
[168] Liu Yan, Fang Herbert H P. Influences of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) on flocculation, settling, and dewatering of activated sludge[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2003, 33(3): 237～273
[169] Zhiping Wang, Lili Liu, Jie Yao, et al. Effects of extracellular polymeric substances on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(10): 1728～1735
[170] M.-F. Dignac, V. Urbain, D. Rybacki, et al. Chemical description of extracellular polymers: implication on activated sludge floc structure[J] . Water Science and Technology, 1998, 38(8-9): 45～53
[171] Eriksson L , Alm B . Study of flocculation mechanism by observing effects of a complexing agent on activated sludge properties[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1991, 24(7): 21～28
[172]周健,龙腾锐,苗利利.胞外聚合物EPS对活性污泥沉降性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(4):613～618
[173] Elisabeth Neyens, Jan Baeyens, Raf Dewil et al. Advanced sludge treatment affects extracellular polymeric substances to improve activated sludge dewatering[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2004, 106(2-3): 83～92
[174] Jennifer I. Houghton, Tom Stephenson. Effect of influent organic content on digested sludge extracellular polymer content and dewaterability[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(14): 3620～3628
[175] Higgins M J, Novak J T. The effect of cations on the settling and dewatering of activated sludge[J]. Water Environmental Research, 1997, 69(2) :225～232
[176] Berrin Tansel, John Sager, Jay Garland, et al. Deposition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) and micro- topographical changes on membrane surfaces during intermittent filtration conditions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1-2): 225～231
[177] In-Soung Chang, Chung-Hak Lee. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system-the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling[J]. Desalination, 1998, 120(3): 221～233
[178]王雪梅,刘燕,华志浩等.胞外聚合物对浸没式膜-生物反应器膜过滤性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1602～1607
[179] H. Nagaoka, S. Ueda, A. Miya. Influence of bacterial extracellular polymers on the membrane separation activated sludge process[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(9): 165～172
[180] B.D. Cho, A.G. Fane. Fouling transients in nominally sub-critical flux operationof a membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2002, 209(2): 391～403
[181] Wontae Lee, Seoktae Kang, Hangsik Shin. Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 217～227
[182] M.E. Hernandez Rojas, R. Van Kaam, S. Schetrite, et al. Role and variations of supernatant compounds in submerged membrane bioreactor fouling[J]. Desalination, 2005, 179(1-3): 95～107
[183]国家环境保护局.水和废水监测分析方法(第三版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989
[184]陈钧辉,陶力,李俊等.生物化学实验教程(第三版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[185]侯景儒,黄竞先.地质统计学的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1990
[186]陆志波,陆雍森.Surfer 8.0在环境评价和规划中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(2):191～195
[187] Zuohong Geng, Eric R. Hall. A comparative study of fouling-related properties of sludge form conventional and membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes[J]. Water Research. 2007, 41(19): 4329～4338
[188] X. Y. Li, S. F. Yang. Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) on flocculation, sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge[J]. Water Research, 2007,41(5): 1022～1030
[189] Sven Lyko, Djamila Al-Halbouni, Thomas Wintgens, et al. Polymeric compounds in activated sludge supernatant-Characterisation and retention mechanisms at a full-scale municipal membrane bioreactor[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(17): 3894～3902
[190] In S. Kim, Namjung Jang. The effect of calcium on the membrane biofouling in the membrane bioreactor (MBR)[J]. Water Research, 2006, 40(14): 2756～2764
[191] Fukushi K, Kato S, Antsuki T, et al. Isolation of copper binding proteins from activated sludge culture[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 44(2-3): 453～459
[192] Veglio F, Beolchini F. Removal of metals by biosorption: A review[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 1997, 44(3): 301～316
[193]张颖,牛志广,张宏伟.地统计学用于近海有机物浓度估值的研究[J].天津大学学报,2007,40(4):484～489
[194]王绍亭,陈涛编.化工传递过程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1987:198
[195] Andreas D. Andreadakis. Physical and chemical properties of activated sludgefloc[J]. Water Research, 1993, 27(12): 1707～1714
[196]时钧,袁权,高从堦主编．膜技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001:171
[197] Fengshen Fan, Hongde Zhou, Hadi Husain. Identification of wastewater sludge characteristics to predict critical flux for membrane bioreactor processes[J]. Water Research, 2006, 40(2): 205～212
[198]王洪臣.城市污水处理厂-运行管理与维护管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1997
[199] B.S. Lima, B.C. Choi, S.W. Yu, et al. Effects of operational parameters on aeration on/off time in an intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination, 2007, 202 (1-3): 77～82
[200] S.R. Chae, S.T. Kang, Y. Watanabe, et al. Development of an innovative vertical submerged membrane bioreactor (VSMBR) for simultaneous removal of organic matter and nutrients[J]. Water Research, 2006, 40(11): 2161～2167
[201]吴剑,王世和,杨小丽等.MB(A2/O)反应器处理城市污水[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(1):144～147
[202] Weimin Xie, Qunhui Wang, Hongzhi Ma, et al. Study on phosphorus removal using a coagulation system[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(8): 2623～2627
[203] Adrian Oehmen, Paulo C. Lemos, Gilda Carvalho, et al. Advances in enhanced biological phosphorus removal: From micro to macro scale[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(11): 2271～2300
[204] M.E. Hernandez Rojas, R. Van Kaam, S. Schetrite, et al. Role and variations of supernatant compounds in submerged membrane bioreactor fouling[J]. Desalination, 2005, 179(1-3): 95～107
[205] G. Laera, C. Giordano, A. Pollice, et al. Membrane bioreactor sludge rheology at different solid retention times[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(18): 4197～4203
[206]江锋,黄晓武,胡勇有.胞外生物高聚物絮凝剂的研究进展(上)[M].给水排水,2002,28(8):83～90
[207]倪丙杰,徐得潜,刘绍根.污泥性质的重要影响物质-胞外聚合物(EPS) [J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(3):108～110
[208]高方述,李秀芬,堵国成等.MBR中SMP与污泥特性之间的相关性[J].食品与生物技术学报,2005,24(5):25～29
[209]余萍,于鑫,戢启宏等.废水生物处理出水中溶解性微生物产物的形成机制与特征[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(5):352～355
[210]刘锐,黄霞,范彬等.膜-生物反应器中溶解性微生物产物的研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2002,3(1):1～7
[211]顾国维,何义亮编著.膜生物反应器-在污水处理中的研究和应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:267～268
[212] Berrin Tansel, John Sager, Jay Garland, et al. Deposition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microtopographical changes on membrane surfaces during intermittent filtration conditions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1-2): 225～231
[213]谭德君,吕伟娅,王雅琴.MBR中微生物演变及其对膜污染影响的试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(10):9～11
[2]马静,陈涛,申碧峰等.水资源利用国内外比较与发展趋势[J].水利水电科技进展,2007,27(1):6～13
[3]肖锦主编.城市污水处理及回用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2002
[4]牟全君.我国10万t/d以下城市污水处理工艺[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2006,7(3):96～100
[5]金兆丰,徐竟成主编.城市污水回用技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[6]张自杰,林荣忱,金儒霖.排水工程(下册)(第四版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[7]尹军,陈雷,王鹤立.城市污水的资源再生及热能回收利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[8]魏娜,程晓如,刘宇鹏.浅谈国内外污水回用的主要途径[J].节水灌溉,2006,(1):34～36
[9]陈亚平,康永祥.城市污水回用及其途径[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(3):382～386
[10]金兆丰,王键.我国污水回用现状及发展趋势[J].环境保护,2001,(11):39～41
[11]王志文,朱维斌,许光明.城市污水回用问题分析[J].水资源保护,2004,(3):15～16
[12]史晓燕,肖波,李建芬.城市污水循环再生利用的环境效益及其应用状况[J].节水灌溉,2007,37(4):1～5
[13]李本高,汪燮卿.污水回用技术进展与发展趋势[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(4):1～5
[14] M. Petala, V. Tsiridis, P. Samaras, et al. Wastewater reclamation by advanced treatment of secondary effluents[J]. Desalination, 2006, 195(1-3):109～118
[15]唐蕾,黄胜.城市污水回用技术及发展趋势[J].广州化工,2007,35(3):72～73
[16]李善仁,夏四清.污水回用处理技术现状分析[J].上海环境科学,2002,21(1):24～27
[17]周军,王佳伟,应启峰等.城市污水再生利用现状分析[J].给水排水,2004,30(2):12～17
[18]聂梅生.美国污水回用技术调查分析[J].给水排水,2001,27(9):1～3
[19]孙小平.我国城市污水处理的现状及发展对策[J].中国科技信息,2006,(4):89
[20]程芳琴,李睿,杨凤玲.膜生物反应器的研究进展[J].现代生物医学进展,2007,7(5):757～760
[21] Aileen N.L. Ng, Albert S. Kim. A mini-review of modeling studies on membrane bioreactor(MBR) treatment for municipal wastewaters[J]. Desalination, 2007, 212(1-3): 261～281
[22]刘欣.膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用[J].化工文摘,2007,(3):50～53
[23]程钟,邱谨楠.膜生物反应器的研究及在废水处理中的应用[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(3):30～33
[24] Christelle Wisniewski. Membrane bioreactor for water reuse[J]. Desalination, 2007, 203(1-3):15～19
[25] T. Melin, B. Jefferson, D. Bixio, et al. Membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment and reuse[J]. Desalination, 2006, 187(1-3):271～282
[26]王维军,周红星,刘大江.污水再生利用处理技术-膜生物反应器[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,2005,23(3):8～10
[27]杨小丽,王世和.膜生物反应器研究现状及展望[J].污染防治技术,2002,15(4):28～30
[28]况家瓒,刘海滨,赵高菲等.污水处理中膜生物反应器的应用研究[J].矿业工程,2005,3 (6):54～56
[29]何静,万新南.膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用及研究[J].广州微量元素科学,2006,13 (9):16～22
[30]谭译,李勇,黄勇.膜生物反应器的优缺点及改进思路[J].江苏环境科技,2006,19(6):49～53
[31]张全忠,韩春梅.膜生物反应器应用现状及存在的问题[J].环境科学与管理,2005,30(4):42～43
[32]杨帆,宋志伟.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用现状及展望[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(5):36～39
[33]王仲旭,汤兵,郑艳芬等.膜生物反应器在废水处理中的研究现状[J].环境保护科学,2005,31(6):24～26
[34]丁尚起,王润华.膜生物反应器在中水工程的应用[J].地下水,2004,26(2):112～114
[35]张文.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的应用研究[J].广东化工,2006,33(11):66～69
[36]刘岩,李志东,蒋林时.膜生物反应器(MBR)处理废水的研究进展[J].长春理工大学学报,2007,30(1):99～101
[37] Tom Stephenson, Simon Judd, Bruce Jefferson, et al著,张树国,李咏梅译.膜生物反应器污水处理技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
[38]李凤亭,王亮,刘华等.膜生物反应器在水处理中的应用和新发展[J].工业水处理,2005,25(1):10～13
[39]刘颖,高艳玲,吕立宏.MBR技术在污水处理中的应用[J].沈阳大学学报,2006,18(2):70～72
[40]杨红群,周艳玲.膜生物反应器的技术研究[J].环境保护科学,2006,32(3):13～15
[41] Eric Mc Lamorea, W. Andrew Jackson, Audra Morse. A biotic transport in a membrane aerated bioreactor[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2007, 298(1-2): 110～116
[42] Michael Semmens, Denise Hanus. Studies of a membrane aerated bioreactor for wastewater treatment[J]. Membrane Technology, 1999, 1999(111): 9～13
[43]吴俊奇,于莉,曹健.膜生物反应器的研究现状[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2004,20(3):12～15
[44]李静,杜启云,戴海平.污水处理中膜生物反应器的研究进展[J].天津工业大学学报,2003,22(6):18～21
[45] Boris Lesjean, Tor Ove Leiknes, Rita Hochstrat, et al. MBR: Technology gets timely EU cash boost[J]. Filtration and Separation, 2006, 43(9): 20～23
[46]魏源送,郑祥,刘俊新.国外膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2003,23(1):1～7
[47]孟凡生,王业耀.膜生物反应器在我国的研究发展展望[J].水资源保护,2005,21(4):1～3
[48]赵英,白晓琴,高飞亚等.膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(12):33～36
[49]于水利,赵方波.膜生物反应器技术发展沿革与展望[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(2):1～3
[50]刘锐,黄霞,陈吕军.一体式膜生物反应器处理洗浴污水[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(1):6～9
[51]付国楷,余健,郑宪明等.膜生物反应器的研究与展望[J].工业水处理,2003,23(10):1～3
[52] H. Kishino, H. Ishida, H. Iwabu, et al. Domestic wastewater reuse using a submerged membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination, 1996, 106 (1-3):115～119
[53] Muhammad H. Al-Malack. Performance of an immersed membrane bioreactor (IMBR) [J]. Desalination, 2007, 214 (1-3):112～127
[54]彭亚男.膜生物反应器的研究[J].化学工程师,2004,108(9):58～60
[55]付婉霞,李蕾.膜生物反应器处理盥洗废水运行参数的选择[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2002,18(2):22～25
[56]鲍建国,卢学实.一体式膜生物反应器处理港口污水及回用[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(9):37～38
[57]常颖,王宝贞,高欣.复合式膜生物反应器的小区污水回用试验研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(2):152～l56
[58]徐元勤,丛广治,刘德滨等.膜生物反应器用于城市污水处理与回用的试验研究[J].膜科学与技术,2003,23(3):46～48
[59]彭若梦,王艳.A/O膜生物反应器处理炼油废水并回用[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(8):78～80
[60]贾海涛,杨开,贾之辉.应用膜生物反应器处理电镀厂废水的研究[J].环境科学与技术,2003,26(2):38～41
[61]田爱军,李健生,孙秀云等.一体式膜生物反应器工艺中膜过滤特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2004,27(3):59～60
[62] Pierre Le-Clech, Vicki Chen, Tony A.G. Fane. Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 284 (1-2): 17～53
[63] Hugh Thomas, Simon Judd, John Murrer. Fouling characteristics of membrane filtration in membrane bioreactors[J]. Membrane Technology, 2000, 2000(122): 10～13
[64]张颖,任南琪,吴忆宁等.一体式膜生物反应器膜污染现象及清洗试验研究[J].化学工程,2004,32 (2):57～60
[65] A. L. Lim, Renbi Bai. Membrane fouling and cleaning in microfiltration of activated sludge wastewater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 279～290
[66] Wontae Lee, Seoktae Kang, Hangsik Shin. Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 217～227
[67] Yonghun Lee, Jinwoo Cho, Youngwoo Sea, et al. Modeling of submerged membrane bioreactor process for wastewater treatment[J]. Desalination, 2002, 146(1-3): 451～457
[68] In-Soung Chang, Soon-Ouk Bag, Chung-Hak Lee. Effects of membrane fouling on solute rejection during membrane filtration of activated sludge[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2001, 36(8-9) : 855～860
[69]张洪杰,于水利,赵方波等.膜生物反应器膜污染影响因素的分析[J].哈尔宾商业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,21(4):440～443
[70]孟凡刚,张捍民,李艳松等.膜生物反应器膜污染数学模型研究进展[J].水处理技术,2005,31 (10):1～4
[71] T. Wintgens, J. Rosen, T. Melin, et al. Modeling of a membrane bioreactor system for municipal wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216 (1-2): 55～65
[72] Grishma R. Shetty, Shankararaman Chellam. Predicting membrane fouling during municipal drinking water nanofiltration using artificial neural networks[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 217(1-2): 69～86.
[73]万金保,伍海辉.降低膜生物反应器中膜污染的研究[J].工业用水与废水,2003,34(3):5～8
[74] Sven Lyko, Thomas Wintgens, Djamila Al-Halbouni, et al. Long-term monitoring of a full-scale municipal membrane bioreactor-Characterization of foul ants and operational performance[J]. Journal of Membrane Science , 2007 ,doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2007.07.008
[75]刘研萍,王琳,王进等.膜生物反应器的污染及防治[J].工业水处理,2004,24(6):5～9
[76]杨明珍,郎成明,汪国刚.浸没式膜生物反应器膜污染研究现状[J].工业水处理,2007,27(5):1～3
[77]王建龙,彭永臻,王淑莹.膜污染成因及控制对策研究新进展[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(6):101～102
[78]付婉霞,李蕾.膜生物反应器中膜的清洗方法和机理研究[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2004,5(8):43~46
[79]李军,张刚,江定国等.延缓膜生物反应器中膜污染的措施探讨[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(10):9～13
[80]霍守亮,黄显怀,刘绍根等.膜生物反应器在污水处理中膜污染及其防治[J].工业水处理,2004,24(8): 9～13
[81] Jung-Goo Choi, Tae-Hyun Bae, Jung-Hak Kim, et al. The behavior of membrane fouling initiation on the cross flow membrane bioreactor system[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2002, 203(1-2): 103～113
[82] Nobuhiro Yamato, Katsuki Kimura, Taro Miyoshi, et al. Difference in membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) caused by membrane polymer materials[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 280(1-2): 911～919
[83]宋伟,杨平.膜生物反应器中膜孔堵塞的影响因素及控制方法[J].化工环保,2007,27(3):240～244
[84] Yasutoshi Shimizu, Yu-Ichi Okuno, Katsushi Uryu, et al. Filtration characteristics of hollow fiber microfiltration membranes used in membrane bioreactor for domestic wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research,1996,30(10): 2385～2392
[85] In-Soung Chang, Kwang-Ho Choo, Chung-Hak Lee, et al. Application of ceramic membrane as a pretreatment in anaerobic digestion of alcohol-distillery wastes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1994, 90(1-2): 13l～139
[86] K H Choo, C H Lee. Effect of anaerobic digestion broth composition on membrane permeability[J]. Water Science and Techno1ogy, 1996, 34(9): l73～179
[87] Fangang Meng, Hanmin Zhang, Fenglin Yang, et al. Identification of activated sludge properties affecting membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2006, 51 (1): 95～103
[88] R. Shane Trussell, Rion P. Merlo, Slawomir W. Hermanowicz, et al. Influence of mixed liquor properties and aeration intensity on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor at high mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41 (5): 947～958
[89]梁红英,金奇庭.膜生物反应器生物污染及其控制.工业用水与废水,2006, 37(5):7～10
[90] Francesca Durante, Gaetano Di Bella, Michele Torregrossa, et al. Particle size distribution and biomass growth in a submerged membrane bioreactor [J]. Desalination , 2006, 199 (1-3): 93～495
[91]欧志阳,汤兵,王仲旭.膜生物反应器中的膜污染及其防治[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(5):40～43
[92]许艳红,赵新华,孙宝盛等.一体式膜生物反应器中料液粘度的研究[J].工业用水与废水,2006,37(4):34～36
[93] Fangang Meng, Fenglin Yang, Jingni Xiao, et al. A new insight into membrane fouling mechanism during membrane filtration of bulking and normal sludge suspension[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1-2): 159～165
[94] Zhiwei Wang , Zhichao Wu, Guoping Yu, et al. Relation- ship between sludge characteristics and membrane flux determination in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 284 (1-2): 87～94
[95] M Gander, B Jefferson, S Judd. Aerobic MBRs for domestic wastewater treatment: a review with cost considerations[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2000, 18(2): 119～130
[96] Metealf, Eddy. Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse(4th Edition)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[97] Laure Defrance, Michel Y. Jaffrin, Bharat Gupta, et al. Contribution of various constituents of activated sludge to membrane bioreactor fouling[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 73(2): 105～112
[980] Romuald Van Kaam, Dominique Anne-Archard, Marion Alliet, et al. Aeration mode, shear stress and sludge rheology in a submerged membrane bioreactor: some keys of energy saving[J]. Desalination, 2006, 199(1-3): 482～484
[99] J.A. Howell, H.C. Chua, T.C. Arnot. In situ manipulation of critical flux in a submerged membrane bioreactor using variable aeration rates, and effects of membrane history[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004, 242 (1-2): 13～19
[100] Giuseppe Guglielmi, Devendra Prakash Saroj, Daniele Chiarani, et al. Sub-critical fouling in a membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment: Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(17): 3903～3914
[101] Rui Liu, Xia Huang , You Feng Sun, et al. Hydrodynamic effect on sludge accumulation over membrane surfaces in a submerged membrane bioreactor[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2003, 39 (2): 157～163
[102] Fengshen Fan, Hongde Zhou, Hadi Husain. Identification of wastewater sludge characteristics to predict critical flux for membrane bioreactor processes[J]. Water Research, 2006 , 40(2): 205～212
[103] G. Guglielmi, D. Chiarani, S.J. Judd, et al. Flux criticality and sustainability in a hollow fibre submerged membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2007, 289(1-2): 241～248
[104] Kaichang Yu, Xianghua Wen, QingJie Bu, et al. Critical flux enhancements with air sparging in axial hollow fibers cross-flow microfiltration of biologically treated wastewater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 224(1-2): 69～79
[105] Hyeok Choi, Kai Zhang, Dionysios D. Dionysio, et al. Effect of permeate flux and tangential flow on membrane fouling for wastewater treatment[J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2005, 45 (1): 68～78
[106] Darren Delai Sun, Choon Teck Hay, Swee Loong Khor. Effects of hydraulic retention time on behavior of start-up submerged membrane bioreactor with prolonged sludge retention time[J]. Desalination, 2006, 195 (1-3): 209～225
[107] Sung-Soo Han, Tae-Hyun Bae, Gyung-Gug Jang, et al. Influence of sludge retention time on membrane fouling and bioactivities in membrane bioreactor system[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(7): 2393～2400
[108]彭跃莲,刘忠洲.膜生物反应器中影响膜透水量的几个因素[J].水处理技术,2000,26(6):326～332
[109] Kimberly L. Jones, Charles R. O’Melia. Protein and humic acid adsorption onto hydrophilic membrane surfaces: effects of pH and ionic strength[J]. Journal of Membrane Science. 2000, 165 (1) : 31～46
[110] A. Maartens, P. Swart, E. P. Jacobs. Feed-water pretreatment: methods to reduce membrane fouling by natural organic matter[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 1999, 163 (1) : 51～62
[111]纪磊,周集体,张秀红等.膜生物反应器中进水组成对膜污染的影响[J].环境科学,2007, 28(1): 131～136
[112]王国华,孙新.一体式膜生物反应器的在线反冲洗研究[J].上海建设科技,2006, (6): 32～33
[113]李明波,金奇庭.膜生物反应器中膜污染问题讨论[J].四川环境,2004,3(3):13～17
[114] Hai-Yin Yu, Zhi-Kang Xua, Hao Lei , et al. Photoinduced graft polymerization of acrylamide on polypropylene microporous membranes for the improvement of antifouling characteristics in a submerged membrane-bioreactor[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2007, 53(1): 119～125
[115]吕晓龙,韩殉,马世虎.聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的改性研究[J].天津工业大学学报,2004,23(4):24～27
[116] Filica Wicaksana, Fanc A G, Chen V. The relationship between critical flux andfiber movement induced by bubbling in a submerged hollow fiber system[A]. IWA Specialty Conference: Water Environment-Membrane Technology[C]. Seoul: Seoul National University, 2004
[117]邹联沛,王宝贞,张捍民.膜生物反应器中膜的堵塞与清洗的机理研究[J].给水排水,2000,26(9):73～76
[118] H. K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran, In S. Kim, et al. Effect of pretreatment on the fouling of membranes: application in biologically treated sewage effluent[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2004, 234(1-2): 111～120
[119]孙逊,孙瑾,张栋华等.粉末活性炭对膜过滤性能的影响[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2006,7(12):89～91
[120]杨宗政,顾平.膜生物反应器运行中的膜污染及其控制[J].膜科学与技术,2005,25(2):80～84
[121] S. P. Hong, T. H. Bae, T. M. Tak, et al. Fouling control in activated sludge submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactors[J]. Desalination, 2002, 143(3): 219～228
[122] Fangang Meng, Fenglin Yang, Baoqiang Shi, et al. A comprehensive study on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors operated under different aeration intensities[J]. Separation and Purification Technology , 2008, 59(1): 91～100
[123]邓雁平,叶亚平,钱维兰等.不同物理清洗方式对一体式膜生物反应器过滤特性的影响[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(6):59～63
[124] Lim A L, Renbi Bai. Membrane fouling and cleaning in microfiltration of activated sludge wastewater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 279～290
[125] Li Jianxin, Hallbauer D K, Sanderson R D. Direct monitoring of membrane fouling and cleaning during ultrafiltration using a noninvasive ultrasonic technique[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 215(1-2): 33～52
[126] Jianxin Li, R. D. Sanderson, D. K. Hallbauer, et al. Measurement and modeling of organic fouling deposition in uhrafiltration by ultrasonic transfer signals and reflections[J]. Desalination, 2002, 146(1-3): 177～185
[127] A. L. Ahmad, N. Ibrahim. Automated electrophmretic membrane cleaning for dead-end microfihration and uhrafiltration[J]. Separation and purification Technology, 2002, 29(2): 105～l12
[128]孟凡生,王业耀.膜生物反应器在我国的研究发展展望[J].水资源保护,2005,21(4):1～3
[129]金若菲,周集体,王竞等.膜生物反应器中的生物学特征[J].微生物学通报,2004,31(2):121～125
[130]王红武,李晓岩,赵庆祥.胞外聚合物对活性污泥沉降和絮凝性能的影响研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(9):31～34
[131]杨义飞,包常华,周玲玲等.胞外聚合物的生成特性及其对污水生物处理的影响[J].市政工程,2003,13(9):31～34
[132] Duncan J. Barker, David C. Stuckey. A review of soluble microbial products (SMP) in wastewater treatment systems[J]. Water Research, 1999, 33(14): 3063～3082
[133] Chrysi S. Laspidou, Bruce E. Rittmann. A unified theory for extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, and active and inert biomass[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(11): 2711～2720
[134] Albert S. Kim, Huaiqun Chen, Rong Yuan. EPS biofouling in membrane filtration: An analytic modeling study[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2006, 303(1): 243～249
[135] Bo Fr?lund, Rikke Palmgren, Kristian Keiding, et al. Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin[J]. Water Research, 1996, 30(8): 1749～1758
[136]蒋巍,钟方丽,史晋宜等.生物膜胞外聚合物的研究进展[J].吉林化工学院学报,2001,18(3):85～88
[137]王暄,季民,王景峰等.好氧颗粒污泥胞外聚合物提取方法研究[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(8):91～93
[138] Xiaoqi Zhang, Paul L. Bishop, Brian K. Kinkle. Comparison of extraction methods for quantifying extracellular polymers in biofilms[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1999, 39(7): 211～218
[139] Melanie J. Brown, J. N. Lester. Metal removal in activated sludge: the role of bacterial extracellular polymers[J]. Water Research, 1979,13(9): 817～837
[140] Sophie Comte, Gilles Guibaud, Michel Baudu. Effect of extraction method on EPS from activated sludge: An HPSEC investigation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 140 (1-2): 129～137
[141] S. Comte, G. Guibaud, M. Baudu. Relations between extraction protocols for activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and EPS complexation properties: Part I. Comparison of the efficiency of eight EPS extraction methods[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006, 38(1-2): 237～245
[142] Hong Liu, Herbert H.P. Fang. Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludges[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2002, 95(3): 249～256
[143] Forster C. F. The production of polymers from activated sludge by ethanolic extraction and its relation to treatment plant operation[J].Water Pollution Control, 1983, 82(4): 430～433
[144]董德明,康春莉,李忠华等.磷酸氢二钾法分离自然水体中的生物膜胞外聚合物[J].科学技术与工程,2002,2 (5):51～53
[145]刘志杰,谢华,俞毓馨等.厌氧污泥胞外多聚物的提取、测定法选择[J].环境科学,1994,15(4):23～26
[146]李绍峰,王雪芹,王宏杰等.阳离子树脂法提取活性污泥胞外聚合物的研究[J].环境污染治理设备与技术,2006,7(11):41～44
[147]罗曦,雷中方,刘翔.胞外聚合物的提取、组成及其对污泥性质的影响[J].城市环境与城市生态,2005,18(5):38～41
[148] Chul Park, John T. Novak. Characterization of activated sludge exocellular polymers using several cation-associated extraction methods[J]. Process Biochemistry , 2007, 41(8): 1679～1688
[149] J. Wawrzynczyk, E. Szewczyk, O. Norrl?w, et al. Application of enzymes, sodium tripolyphosphate and cation exchange resin for the release of extracellular polymeric substances from sewage sludge Characterization of the extracted polysaccharides/glycoconjugates by a panel of lectins[J]. Journal of Biotechnology, 2007, 130(3): 274～281
[150] Delia Teresa Sponza. Extracellular polymer substances and physicochemical properties of flocs in steady and unsteady-state activated sludge systems[J] . Process Biochemistry , 2002, 37(9): 983～998
[151] Delia Teresa Sponza. Investigation of extracellular polymer substances( EPS) and physicochemical properties of different activated sludge flocs under steady - state conditions[J] . Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2003, 32(3-4): 375～385
[152] Boyette S, Mette J M, Gaboda W, et al.Cell surface and exopolymer characterization of laboratory stabilized activated sludge from a beverage bottling plant[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 43(6): 175～184
[153] Jennifer I. Houghton, Tom Stephenson. Effect of influent organic content on digested sludge extracellular polymer content and dewaterability[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(14): 3620～3628
[154]李久义,左华,栾兆坤等.不同基质条件对生物膜细胞外聚合物组成和含量的影响[J].环境化学,2002,21(6):546～550
[155]罗曦,雷中方,张振亚等.好氧/厌氧污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1624～1629
[156] Shin H S, Kang S T, Nam S Y. Effect of carbohydrate and protein in the EPS on sludge settling characteristics [J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 43(6): 193～196
[157] Lei Ji, Jiti Zhou. Influence of aeration on microbial polymers and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 276(1-2): 168～177
[158]周伟伟,傅金祥,由昆等.膜生物反应器中胞外聚合物合成的影响因素[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(3):493～495
[159] Moshe Sheintuch. Steady-state modeling of reactor-settler interaction[J]. Water Research, 1987, 21(12): 1463～1472
[160] B. Q. Liao, D. G. Allen, I. G. Droppo, et al. Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability[J] . Water Research, 2001, 35(2): 339～350
[161] J Andreas Jahn, Per Halkj?r Nielsen. Cell biomass and exopolymer composition in sewer biofilms[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1998, 37(1): 17～24
[162] Chackrit Nuengjamnong, Ji Hyang Kweon, Jinwoo Cho, et al. Membrane fouling caused by extracellular polymeric substances during microfiltration processes[J]. Desalination, 2005, 179(1-3): 117～124
[163] D. J. Batstone, J. Keller. Variation of bulk properties of anaerobic granules with wastewater type [J]. Water Research, 2001, 35(7): 1723～1729
[164] Tae-Young Jeong, Gi-Cheol Cha, Ik-Keun Yoo, et al. Characteristics of bio-fouling in a submerged MBR[J]. Desalination, 2007, 207(1-3): 107～113
[165]郑蕾,田禹,孙德智.pH值对活性污泥胞外聚合物分子结构和表面特征影响研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(7):1507～1511
[166]李绍峰,崔崇威,黄君礼.胞外聚合物EPS对MBR膜污染的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(2):266～269
[167] Jia X.S., Fang Herbert H. P., H. Furumai. Surface charge and extracellular polymer of sludge in the anaerobic degradation process[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(5): 309～316
[168] Liu Yan, Fang Herbert H P. Influences of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) on flocculation, settling, and dewatering of activated sludge[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2003, 33(3): 237～273
[169] Zhiping Wang, Lili Liu, Jie Yao, et al. Effects of extracellular polymeric substances on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(10): 1728～1735
[170] M.-F. Dignac, V. Urbain, D. Rybacki, et al. Chemical description of extracellular polymers: implication on activated sludge floc structure[J] . Water Science and Technology, 1998, 38(8-9): 45～53
[171] Eriksson L , Alm B . Study of flocculation mechanism by observing effects of a complexing agent on activated sludge properties[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1991, 24(7): 21～28
[172]周健,龙腾锐,苗利利.胞外聚合物EPS对活性污泥沉降性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(4):613～618
[173] Elisabeth Neyens, Jan Baeyens, Raf Dewil et al. Advanced sludge treatment affects extracellular polymeric substances to improve activated sludge dewatering[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2004, 106(2-3): 83～92
[174] Jennifer I. Houghton, Tom Stephenson. Effect of influent organic content on digested sludge extracellular polymer content and dewaterability[J]. Water Research, 2002, 36(14): 3620～3628
[175] Higgins M J, Novak J T. The effect of cations on the settling and dewatering of activated sludge[J]. Water Environmental Research, 1997, 69(2) :225～232
[176] Berrin Tansel, John Sager, Jay Garland, et al. Deposition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) and micro- topographical changes on membrane surfaces during intermittent filtration conditions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1-2): 225～231
[177] In-Soung Chang, Chung-Hak Lee. Membrane filtration characteristics in membrane-coupled activated sludge system-the effect of physiological states of activated sludge on membrane fouling[J]. Desalination, 1998, 120(3): 221～233
[178]王雪梅,刘燕,华志浩等.胞外聚合物对浸没式膜-生物反应器膜过滤性能的影响[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1602～1607
[179] H. Nagaoka, S. Ueda, A. Miya. Influence of bacterial extracellular polymers on the membrane separation activated sludge process[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(9): 165～172
[180] B.D. Cho, A.G. Fane. Fouling transients in nominally sub-critical flux operationof a membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2002, 209(2): 391～403
[181] Wontae Lee, Seoktae Kang, Hangsik Shin. Sludge characteristics and their contribution to microfiltration in submerged membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 216(1-2): 217～227
[182] M.E. Hernandez Rojas, R. Van Kaam, S. Schetrite, et al. Role and variations of supernatant compounds in submerged membrane bioreactor fouling[J]. Desalination, 2005, 179(1-3): 95～107
[183]国家环境保护局.水和废水监测分析方法(第三版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989
[184]陈钧辉,陶力,李俊等.生物化学实验教程(第三版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[185]侯景儒,黄竞先.地质统计学的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1990
[186]陆志波,陆雍森.Surfer 8.0在环境评价和规划中的应用[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(2):191～195
[187] Zuohong Geng, Eric R. Hall. A comparative study of fouling-related properties of sludge form conventional and membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes[J]. Water Research. 2007, 41(19): 4329～4338
[188] X. Y. Li, S. F. Yang. Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) on flocculation, sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge[J]. Water Research, 2007,41(5): 1022～1030
[189] Sven Lyko, Djamila Al-Halbouni, Thomas Wintgens, et al. Polymeric compounds in activated sludge supernatant-Characterisation and retention mechanisms at a full-scale municipal membrane bioreactor[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(17): 3894～3902
[190] In S. Kim, Namjung Jang. The effect of calcium on the membrane biofouling in the membrane bioreactor (MBR)[J]. Water Research, 2006, 40(14): 2756～2764
[191] Fukushi K, Kato S, Antsuki T, et al. Isolation of copper binding proteins from activated sludge culture[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001, 44(2-3): 453～459
[192] Veglio F, Beolchini F. Removal of metals by biosorption: A review[J]. Hydrometallurgy, 1997, 44(3): 301～316
[193]张颖,牛志广,张宏伟.地统计学用于近海有机物浓度估值的研究[J].天津大学学报,2007,40(4):484～489
[194]王绍亭,陈涛编.化工传递过程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1987:198
[195] Andreas D. Andreadakis. Physical and chemical properties of activated sludgefloc[J]. Water Research, 1993, 27(12): 1707～1714
[196]时钧,袁权,高从堦主编．膜技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001:171
[197] Fengshen Fan, Hongde Zhou, Hadi Husain. Identification of wastewater sludge characteristics to predict critical flux for membrane bioreactor processes[J]. Water Research, 2006, 40(2): 205～212
[198]王洪臣.城市污水处理厂-运行管理与维护管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1997
[199] B.S. Lima, B.C. Choi, S.W. Yu, et al. Effects of operational parameters on aeration on/off time in an intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor[J]. Desalination, 2007, 202 (1-3): 77～82
[200] S.R. Chae, S.T. Kang, Y. Watanabe, et al. Development of an innovative vertical submerged membrane bioreactor (VSMBR) for simultaneous removal of organic matter and nutrients[J]. Water Research, 2006, 40(11): 2161～2167
[201]吴剑,王世和,杨小丽等.MB(A2/O)反应器处理城市污水[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(1):144～147
[202] Weimin Xie, Qunhui Wang, Hongzhi Ma, et al. Study on phosphorus removal using a coagulation system[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(8): 2623～2627
[203] Adrian Oehmen, Paulo C. Lemos, Gilda Carvalho, et al. Advances in enhanced biological phosphorus removal: From micro to macro scale[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(11): 2271～2300
[204] M.E. Hernandez Rojas, R. Van Kaam, S. Schetrite, et al. Role and variations of supernatant compounds in submerged membrane bioreactor fouling[J]. Desalination, 2005, 179(1-3): 95～107
[205] G. Laera, C. Giordano, A. Pollice, et al. Membrane bioreactor sludge rheology at different solid retention times[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(18): 4197～4203
[206]江锋,黄晓武,胡勇有.胞外生物高聚物絮凝剂的研究进展(上)[M].给水排水,2002,28(8):83～90
[207]倪丙杰,徐得潜,刘绍根.污泥性质的重要影响物质-胞外聚合物(EPS) [J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(3):108～110
[208]高方述,李秀芬,堵国成等.MBR中SMP与污泥特性之间的相关性[J].食品与生物技术学报,2005,24(5):25～29
[209]余萍,于鑫,戢启宏等.废水生物处理出水中溶解性微生物产物的形成机制与特征[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(5):352～355
[210]刘锐,黄霞,范彬等.膜-生物反应器中溶解性微生物产物的研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2002,3(1):1～7
[211]顾国维,何义亮编著.膜生物反应器-在污水处理中的研究和应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:267～268
[212] Berrin Tansel, John Sager, Jay Garland, et al. Deposition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microtopographical changes on membrane surfaces during intermittent filtration conditions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1-2): 225～231
[213]谭德君,吕伟娅,王雅琴.MBR中微生物演变及其对膜污染影响的试验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2007,30(10):9～11