骨组织工程支架内微流体及其变形的数值仿真分析
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摘要
随着组织工程学与快速成型技术的不断发展,骨组织工程支架的研究也在不断的深入。本文主要对骨组织工程支架内部微管道的结构设计、微流体的流动状态以及骨支架在流体作用下的变形进行了研究分析。
首先分析了骨的内部结构,并在此基础上对骨的结构进行简化,建立了具有良好体外培养特性的骨组织工程支架三维微管道结构模型。
其次分别利用Fluent,Ansys中的CFX模块和Comsol3.2a中的流体动力学模块对骨组织工程支架微管道内的营养液流动状态进行数值模拟仿真,并对得到的结果进行分析和比较,确定计算无复杂边界的流体问题时,选用Fluent进行仿真计算。
然后利用有限元分析软件Ansys分别用双向流固耦合和单向流固耦合的方法计算骨组织工程支架在微管道内营养液压力作用下的变形,比较两种计算方法得到的结果,分析得出在营养液速度很小时,可以用单向流固耦合计算方法代替双向流固耦合计算方法;利用单向流固耦合计算方法分别计算不同的灌注速率、不同的骨支架结构的骨支架变形,并对得到的结果进行分析比较,确定在营养液不同速度和不同微管道结构下的支架最大变形值。
最后研究气液两相流在粗糙微管道中流动时的流动特性,通过利用Fluent的VOF模型对氮气和水两相流在粗糙微管道中的流动进行模拟,绘制了流型图,并与光滑微管道的流型图和Triplett等通过实验得到的流型图进行比较,使数值模拟和实验研究得到了彼此的验证。
As the development of tissue engineering and rapid prototyping technology, the research of artificial bone tissue engineering scaffold is also ongoing in-depth. In this paper, structure design of micro-channels in tissue engineering scaffold, flow state of micro-fluid in its internal micro-channels and scaffold deformation imposed by the pressure of fluid are studied and analyzed.
Firstly, the internal structure of bone is analyzed, on this basis the internal structure of artificial bone is simplified and the structure model of three-dimensional micro-channels that has good vitro characteristics in scaffold is established.
Secondly, the nutrient flow state in internal micro-channels of scaffold is simulated numerically by Fluent, CFX module in Ansys and the fluid dynamics module in Comsol3.2a, then results obtained are compared and analyzed. The problem of calculating that the fluid has no complicated boundary is simulated and calculated with Fluent.
Then the scaffold deformation imposed by the pressure of nutrient in micro-channels is calculated and simulated by the use of Ansys with two-way and one-way FSI calculation method. Compared the results obtained by the two calculation methods, we can get the conclusion that when the velocity of nutrient is very low, we can use one-way FSI calculation method instead of two-way; Scaffold deformation is calculated with one-way calculation method while the perfusion velocity of nutrient and the structure of micro-channels are different, then results obtained is analyzed and compared. Maximum value of deformation is determined when the perfusion velocity of nutrient and the structure of micro-channels are different.
Finally, it studied the two-phase flow characteristics of gas and liquid in rough micro-channel. It simulated two-phase flow pattern of nitrogen and water in rough micro-channel with VOF model in Fluent, then protracted the flow pattern chart of rough micro-channel. Compared it with the flow pattern chart of smooth micro-channel and the flow pattern chart obtained by Triplett’s experiment, the validity of numerical simulation and experimental study are ensured.
首先分析了骨的内部结构,并在此基础上对骨的结构进行简化,建立了具有良好体外培养特性的骨组织工程支架三维微管道结构模型。
其次分别利用Fluent,Ansys中的CFX模块和Comsol3.2a中的流体动力学模块对骨组织工程支架微管道内的营养液流动状态进行数值模拟仿真,并对得到的结果进行分析和比较,确定计算无复杂边界的流体问题时,选用Fluent进行仿真计算。
然后利用有限元分析软件Ansys分别用双向流固耦合和单向流固耦合的方法计算骨组织工程支架在微管道内营养液压力作用下的变形,比较两种计算方法得到的结果,分析得出在营养液速度很小时,可以用单向流固耦合计算方法代替双向流固耦合计算方法;利用单向流固耦合计算方法分别计算不同的灌注速率、不同的骨支架结构的骨支架变形,并对得到的结果进行分析比较,确定在营养液不同速度和不同微管道结构下的支架最大变形值。
最后研究气液两相流在粗糙微管道中流动时的流动特性,通过利用Fluent的VOF模型对氮气和水两相流在粗糙微管道中的流动进行模拟,绘制了流型图,并与光滑微管道的流型图和Triplett等通过实验得到的流型图进行比较,使数值模拟和实验研究得到了彼此的验证。
As the development of tissue engineering and rapid prototyping technology, the research of artificial bone tissue engineering scaffold is also ongoing in-depth. In this paper, structure design of micro-channels in tissue engineering scaffold, flow state of micro-fluid in its internal micro-channels and scaffold deformation imposed by the pressure of fluid are studied and analyzed.
Firstly, the internal structure of bone is analyzed, on this basis the internal structure of artificial bone is simplified and the structure model of three-dimensional micro-channels that has good vitro characteristics in scaffold is established.
Secondly, the nutrient flow state in internal micro-channels of scaffold is simulated numerically by Fluent, CFX module in Ansys and the fluid dynamics module in Comsol3.2a, then results obtained are compared and analyzed. The problem of calculating that the fluid has no complicated boundary is simulated and calculated with Fluent.
Then the scaffold deformation imposed by the pressure of nutrient in micro-channels is calculated and simulated by the use of Ansys with two-way and one-way FSI calculation method. Compared the results obtained by the two calculation methods, we can get the conclusion that when the velocity of nutrient is very low, we can use one-way FSI calculation method instead of two-way; Scaffold deformation is calculated with one-way calculation method while the perfusion velocity of nutrient and the structure of micro-channels are different, then results obtained is analyzed and compared. Maximum value of deformation is determined when the perfusion velocity of nutrient and the structure of micro-channels are different.
Finally, it studied the two-phase flow characteristics of gas and liquid in rough micro-channel. It simulated two-phase flow pattern of nitrogen and water in rough micro-channel with VOF model in Fluent, then protracted the flow pattern chart of rough micro-channel. Compared it with the flow pattern chart of smooth micro-channel and the flow pattern chart obtained by Triplett’s experiment, the validity of numerical simulation and experimental study are ensured.
引文
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2 J. T. Marino, B. H. Ziran. Use of Solid and Cancellous Autologous Bone Graft for Fractures and Nonunions. Orthopedic Clinics in North America, 2010, 41(1):15~26
3 M. Mastrogiacomo, A. Papadimitropoulos, A. Cedola, et a1. Engineering of Bone Using Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and a Silicon-stabilized Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramic: Evidence for a Coupling between Bone Formation and Scaffold Resorption. Biomaterials, 2007, 28(7):1376~1384
4丁金勇,靳安民.生物支架材料在骨组织工程中的研究进展.中国矫形外科杂质, 2006, 14(1):56~58
5姜红江.陶瓷化骨的改性及生物活性人工骨构建的研究. [天津大学博士学位论文]. 2008:1~3
6陈艳梅,奚廷斐,郑裕东.骨组织工程支架材料及其相关的研究进展.北京生物医学工程, 2008, 27(5):541~545
7曹谊林.组织工程学的研究进展.中国美容医学, 2005, 14(2):134~135
8杜江华.降解速率可调控的聚β—羟基丁酸酯组织工程支架的研究. [西北工业大学硕士学位论文]. 2007:3~5
9陈峰.骨组织工程中的细胞外基质材料及其种子细胞.中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(38):7143
10 S. Liao, C. K. Chan, S. Ramakrishna. Stem Cell and Biomimetic Materials Strategies for Tissue Engineering. Materials Science and Engineering, 2008, 28(8):1189~1202
11郭树章,任先军.骨髓基质干细胞及其在脊髓组织工程中应用的研究进展.中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2005, 15(10):620~622
12 B. Seshi, S. Kumar, D. King, et al. Multilineage Gene from Expression in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells as Evidenced by Single-cell Microarray Analysis. BloodCells, Molecules, and Diseases, 2003, 31(2):268~285
13王超锋.灌注型生物活化骨修复节段性骨缺损的实验研究. [第四军医大学硕士学位论文]. 2007:18~20
14 L. A. Smith, X. Liu, J. Hu, et al. the Enhancement of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation With Nano-fibrous. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(21):5526~5535
15姚康德,尹玉姬.组织工程相关生物材料.北京:化学工业出版社, 2003:16~17
16 S. Srouji, T. Kizhner, E. Livne. 3D Scaffolds for Bone Marrow Stem Cell Support in Bone Repair. Regen Med, 2006, 1(4):519~528
17 H. Yoshikawa, A. Myoui. Bone Tissue Engineering with Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics. J Artif Organs, 2005, 8(3):131~136
18 X. Liu, P. Ma. Polymeric Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng, 2004, 32(3):477~486
19王力,王和鸣.骨髓基质细胞成骨影响因素的研究进展.福建中医学院学报, 2003, 13(2):54~57
20丑修建,陈庆华.组织工程三维多孔支架材料制备技术的研究现状.材料导报, 2004, (18):216~218
21伍卫刚,郑启新.快速成型技术在骨科的应用研究进展.国际生物医学工程杂志, 2009, 32(6):375
22 Y. Yan, S. Li, R. Zhang, et a1. Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing Technology: Principle, Representative Technics, Applications, and Development Trends. Tsinghua Science & Technology, 2009, 14(1):1~12
23张爱英,王连才,刘厚利,等.基于快速成型技术的组织工程支架制备进展.化工进展, 2004, 23(3):267
24陈欣,张春林.组织工程骨修复骨缺损的研究进展及临床应用.中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(24):4486~4489
25金黎明,刘万顺,韩宝芹,等.骨缺损的治疗研究进展.山东医药, 2006, 46(12):80
26柏彬,肖玉周.骨组织工程的研究进展.解剖与临床, 2010, 15(4):288
27赵宝东,赵洪涛,赵艳,等. TGF-β促进骨折愈合的实验研究.锦州医学院学报, 2001, 22(2):4~6
28 A. B. Yeatts, J. P. Fisher. Bone Tissue Engineering Bioreactor: Dynamic Culture and the Influence of Shear Stress. Bone, 2011, 48(2):171~181
29朱立新.模拟微重力下改良纤维蛋白凝胶复合软骨细胞修复兔关节软骨缺损的实验研究. [第一军医大学博士学位论文]. 2007:54
30 X. Mao, C. Chu, Z. Mao, et al. The Development and Identification of Constructing Tissue Engineered Bone by Seeding Osteoblasts from Differentiated Rat Marrow Stromal Stem Cells onto Three-dimensional Porous Nano-hydroxylapatite Bone Matrix in Vitro. Tissue and Cell, 2005, 37(5):349~357
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