澄清池膜过滤用于饮用水处理的工艺研究
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摘要
随着我国经济发展及人民生活水平的提高,大量工业污水及居民生活污水未处理达到排放标准就直接排入自然水体,给水环境造成了极大的破坏,致使饮用水源水质急剧下降,严重影响到人民的身体健康和社会的健康有序发展。新的饮用水标准的实施及人们对饮用水水质要求的不断提高,常规处理工艺已无法满足新形式下安全饮用水供给的需要。本论文以在北方地区具有典型性和代表性的滦河水作为源水,采用澄清池-膜过滤工艺进行饮用水处理研究,对其处理效能、操作条件、膜污染特点、清洗方法等进行综合评价,为该工艺应用于饮用水处理提供可靠的理论依据。
首先,根据原水的水质特点筛选适合于膜过滤工艺的混凝剂,考察混凝剂对污染物的去除效果及对膜污染的影响。发现混凝剂在水中形成的矾花尺寸及其对有机污染物的去除效果直接影响膜污染,混凝矾花尺寸越大、有机污染物去除率越高,膜污染越小。综合评价认为膜过滤工艺中使用铁系混凝剂优于铝系混凝剂,从效费比来说三氯化铁作为膜过滤工艺混凝预处理使用是经济有效的。其次,论文创新性的将澄清池工艺与浸入式膜过滤工艺相结合处理饮用水。对比该工艺与在线混凝工艺,二者出水水质相当,前者的膜污染轻于后者;经过约九个月的运行实验,新工艺在滦河各个水质期的出水水质稳定、膜污染较轻,证明该工艺是可行的。本文首次运用响应曲面法对新工艺的运行操作条件进行了优化,得出了该工艺的最佳运行条件。
再次,针对影响膜工艺有效运行的膜污染问题进行了认真分析。发现膜自身阻力和复合滤饼层阻力是对膜过滤影响最大的两种阻力,实验表明在有效的混凝预处理后,相比于其他阻力膜自身阻力是影响膜过滤的最主要因素。对不同水质期运行污染后的膜组件进行化学清洗研究,认为次氯酸钠与盐酸配合使用能够很好的恢复膜性能。
最后,本文首次建立以传质机理为基础的膜反洗模型,确定了反洗过程中反洗压力、反洗流量和反洗有效长度的理论关系。并用澄清池-膜过滤工艺中的实验数据对反洗模型进行了验证,结果表明反洗模型能够较好的对反洗操作进行模拟、预测和评价。该模型的建立为确定反洗操作条件提供了较完备的理论依据,有效减少了反洗操作过程中清洗剂的消耗量,提高了膜工艺的产水效率。
Along with China's economic development and people's living standards’enhancement, a large number of industrial effluent and residents sewage has not achieved the emission standard directly to disperse into the natural water body, which has created the enormous destruction for the water environment, resulting in sharp decline in water quality of drinking water sources, and serious impact on the people's health and the orderly development of the society. The new drinking water standards implementation and requirements for drinking water quality continuous improvement, the conventional treatment processes have been unable to satisfy under the new form the security tap water supplies need. In present paper the water from Luanhe River, which is the typical and representative ground water in the northern region, was taken as the model sample, the Clarifier-Membrane filtration technology was used as the technology for drinking water treatment research. To deal with the process performance, operating conditions, the membrane fouling and cleaning methods, such as a comprehensive evaluation for it used in drinking water treatment to provide a reliable theoretical basis.
First, according to raw water quality characteristics filtered the coagulants which is the suitable coagulant for membrane filtration process, and the pollutant removal efficiency and the impact on membrane fouling had been studied. Though the study, found that the floc size and its impact on the removal efficiency of organic pollutants directly affect the membrane fouling, the greater floc size and the removal efficiency of organic pollutants, the membrane fouling much lower. The view of comprehensive evaluation that the iron-based coagulant for the membrane filtration process is superior to Al-based coagulant, from the benefit-cost ratio for ferric chloride coagulation as pretreatment of membrane filtration technology is effective and economical use.
Secondly, the paper has innovatively taken clarifier technology and immersion membrane filtration process combined treatment of drinking water. Comparison of new technology and Coagulation-Membrane filtration process, both of them has almost identical water quality, the former was the lower membrane fouling than the latter; After about nine months running test, in various water quality period of Luanhe the new process was stable, membrane fouling was under control, to prove that the technology is feasible. Response surface methodology firstly applied for the new process to run the operating conditions optimized process, has obtained the best operating conditions.
Third, had carried on the earnest analysis in the membrane fouling which influence membrane process. It had been found that the membrane resistance and cake layer is composite to the most of the membrane filtration resistance. The experiments showed that after the effective coagulation pretreatment compared to other resistance membrane resistance become the main factor. After the study of chemical cleaning the different period water quality of different membrane fouling, consider sodium hypochlorite with hydrochloric acid cleaning can be good to restore membrane performance.
Finally, this article firstly establish backwashing model based on the mass transfer mechanism, determined the theoretical relationship between backwashing pressure, backwashing flux and the backwashing effective length in the course of backwashing. And the test data of Clarifiers-Membrane filtration process was used to validate the backwashing model, the result show that the backwashing model can better simulation, prediction and evaluation the backwashing operation process. The model for determining the operating conditions of the backwashing provides a more complete theoretical basis, it is effective in reducing the cleaning agent consumption in the backwashing process, improves the production efficiency of membrane process.
首先,根据原水的水质特点筛选适合于膜过滤工艺的混凝剂,考察混凝剂对污染物的去除效果及对膜污染的影响。发现混凝剂在水中形成的矾花尺寸及其对有机污染物的去除效果直接影响膜污染,混凝矾花尺寸越大、有机污染物去除率越高,膜污染越小。综合评价认为膜过滤工艺中使用铁系混凝剂优于铝系混凝剂,从效费比来说三氯化铁作为膜过滤工艺混凝预处理使用是经济有效的。其次,论文创新性的将澄清池工艺与浸入式膜过滤工艺相结合处理饮用水。对比该工艺与在线混凝工艺,二者出水水质相当,前者的膜污染轻于后者;经过约九个月的运行实验,新工艺在滦河各个水质期的出水水质稳定、膜污染较轻,证明该工艺是可行的。本文首次运用响应曲面法对新工艺的运行操作条件进行了优化,得出了该工艺的最佳运行条件。
再次,针对影响膜工艺有效运行的膜污染问题进行了认真分析。发现膜自身阻力和复合滤饼层阻力是对膜过滤影响最大的两种阻力,实验表明在有效的混凝预处理后,相比于其他阻力膜自身阻力是影响膜过滤的最主要因素。对不同水质期运行污染后的膜组件进行化学清洗研究,认为次氯酸钠与盐酸配合使用能够很好的恢复膜性能。
最后,本文首次建立以传质机理为基础的膜反洗模型,确定了反洗过程中反洗压力、反洗流量和反洗有效长度的理论关系。并用澄清池-膜过滤工艺中的实验数据对反洗模型进行了验证,结果表明反洗模型能够较好的对反洗操作进行模拟、预测和评价。该模型的建立为确定反洗操作条件提供了较完备的理论依据,有效减少了反洗操作过程中清洗剂的消耗量,提高了膜工艺的产水效率。
Along with China's economic development and people's living standards’enhancement, a large number of industrial effluent and residents sewage has not achieved the emission standard directly to disperse into the natural water body, which has created the enormous destruction for the water environment, resulting in sharp decline in water quality of drinking water sources, and serious impact on the people's health and the orderly development of the society. The new drinking water standards implementation and requirements for drinking water quality continuous improvement, the conventional treatment processes have been unable to satisfy under the new form the security tap water supplies need. In present paper the water from Luanhe River, which is the typical and representative ground water in the northern region, was taken as the model sample, the Clarifier-Membrane filtration technology was used as the technology for drinking water treatment research. To deal with the process performance, operating conditions, the membrane fouling and cleaning methods, such as a comprehensive evaluation for it used in drinking water treatment to provide a reliable theoretical basis.
First, according to raw water quality characteristics filtered the coagulants which is the suitable coagulant for membrane filtration process, and the pollutant removal efficiency and the impact on membrane fouling had been studied. Though the study, found that the floc size and its impact on the removal efficiency of organic pollutants directly affect the membrane fouling, the greater floc size and the removal efficiency of organic pollutants, the membrane fouling much lower. The view of comprehensive evaluation that the iron-based coagulant for the membrane filtration process is superior to Al-based coagulant, from the benefit-cost ratio for ferric chloride coagulation as pretreatment of membrane filtration technology is effective and economical use.
Secondly, the paper has innovatively taken clarifier technology and immersion membrane filtration process combined treatment of drinking water. Comparison of new technology and Coagulation-Membrane filtration process, both of them has almost identical water quality, the former was the lower membrane fouling than the latter; After about nine months running test, in various water quality period of Luanhe the new process was stable, membrane fouling was under control, to prove that the technology is feasible. Response surface methodology firstly applied for the new process to run the operating conditions optimized process, has obtained the best operating conditions.
Third, had carried on the earnest analysis in the membrane fouling which influence membrane process. It had been found that the membrane resistance and cake layer is composite to the most of the membrane filtration resistance. The experiments showed that after the effective coagulation pretreatment compared to other resistance membrane resistance become the main factor. After the study of chemical cleaning the different period water quality of different membrane fouling, consider sodium hypochlorite with hydrochloric acid cleaning can be good to restore membrane performance.
Finally, this article firstly establish backwashing model based on the mass transfer mechanism, determined the theoretical relationship between backwashing pressure, backwashing flux and the backwashing effective length in the course of backwashing. And the test data of Clarifiers-Membrane filtration process was used to validate the backwashing model, the result show that the backwashing model can better simulation, prediction and evaluation the backwashing operation process. The model for determining the operating conditions of the backwashing provides a more complete theoretical basis, it is effective in reducing the cleaning agent consumption in the backwashing process, improves the production efficiency of membrane process.
引文
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