无线传感器网络网关接入技术研究与实现
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摘要
无线传感器网络是由大量具有特殊功能的微型传感器节点以及网关通过无线通信方式组成的多跳自组织网络。无线传感器网络技术综合了微型处理器技术、微型传感器技术、无线通信及网络等技术,被广泛应用于环境监测、健康医疗、智能家居等领域。
网关作为无线传感器网络的关键设备,担负着整个网络的数据汇集、处理以及转发的任务。无线传感器网关接入技术是传感器网络技术中的一部分。网关使用无线接入技术,能够解除电缆、网线等有线接入方式对于传感器网络应用范围的束缚,扩展了传感器网络的使用场景,可以广泛应用于类似矿场、森林等条件恶劣的环境。
目前的网关无线接入技术方案主要有GPRS、CDMA、蓝牙、ZigBee等。这些技术本身有着各自的优缺点,因此,在不同的应用场景选择合适的网关无线接入技术方案并在工程上加以实现就成了目前接入技术研究的重点。
本论文首先对无线传感器网络的知识背景做了描述。接着分别介绍了几种典型无线传感器网络网关接入技术原理和特点,并从无线通信能力、使用成本、开发难度等方面对这些技术进行了对比。结合实验室实际情况,本文选择以网关GPRS无线接入方式为例,详细论述了网关GPRS接入方案的处理器模块、2.4GHz无线通信模块、电源模块和无线接入模块硬件设计方法,并指出了设计中应该注意的事项。此外,本文针对无线传感器网关GPRS无线数据传输功能和短消息功能给出了软件设计方案和AT命令流程,并搭建了原型系统对GPRS接入模块进行了功能验证。在文章的最后是对论文所做工作进行的总结以及对今后的工作的展望。
Wireless sensor network is a kind of multiple-hop network, which is composed of miniature sensor nodes and gateways through wireless communication. Wireless sensor network technology integrated micro-processor technology, miniature sensor technology, wireless communication and network technology, has been widely used in environmental monitoring, health care, intelligent building, etc.
As the key equipment of the wireless sensor network,the gateway paly a very important role because of the responsibility for the data gathering, storing and forwarding of the whole network. The wireless sensor gateway access technology is part of the sensor network technique. Gateways use wireless access solutions can remove the bondage of cables for the scope of wireless sensor network applications and can expand the using scene of wireless sensor network. This technology can be widely used in the terrible environment such as mine and forest.
The gateway wireless access technologies mainly include GPRS, CDMA, Bluetooth and ZigBee at present. The advantages and disadvantages of these technical solutions are obvious. Therefore, the research focuses are to choose the appropriate solutions and to realize them.
In this thesis, we introduce the background of the wireless sensor network at the first. Then we introduce the principles and characteristics of several kinds of typical wireless sensor network gateway access technologies respectively. And we compare their wireless communication abilities, in costs, developing difficulties. Then we chose a kind of gateway wireless access technology, GPRS, combined with the actual conditions of our laboratory. Finally, a detailed discussion on hardware design method of the processor module,2.4GHz wireless communication module, power supply module and wireless access module is presented, and we point out what should be pay attention to. In addition, we put forward the software framework and AT command processes and built a prototype system to verify our design. The last part of this thesis is a summary of the paper and the outlook for future works.
网关作为无线传感器网络的关键设备,担负着整个网络的数据汇集、处理以及转发的任务。无线传感器网关接入技术是传感器网络技术中的一部分。网关使用无线接入技术,能够解除电缆、网线等有线接入方式对于传感器网络应用范围的束缚,扩展了传感器网络的使用场景,可以广泛应用于类似矿场、森林等条件恶劣的环境。
目前的网关无线接入技术方案主要有GPRS、CDMA、蓝牙、ZigBee等。这些技术本身有着各自的优缺点,因此,在不同的应用场景选择合适的网关无线接入技术方案并在工程上加以实现就成了目前接入技术研究的重点。
本论文首先对无线传感器网络的知识背景做了描述。接着分别介绍了几种典型无线传感器网络网关接入技术原理和特点,并从无线通信能力、使用成本、开发难度等方面对这些技术进行了对比。结合实验室实际情况,本文选择以网关GPRS无线接入方式为例,详细论述了网关GPRS接入方案的处理器模块、2.4GHz无线通信模块、电源模块和无线接入模块硬件设计方法,并指出了设计中应该注意的事项。此外,本文针对无线传感器网关GPRS无线数据传输功能和短消息功能给出了软件设计方案和AT命令流程,并搭建了原型系统对GPRS接入模块进行了功能验证。在文章的最后是对论文所做工作进行的总结以及对今后的工作的展望。
Wireless sensor network is a kind of multiple-hop network, which is composed of miniature sensor nodes and gateways through wireless communication. Wireless sensor network technology integrated micro-processor technology, miniature sensor technology, wireless communication and network technology, has been widely used in environmental monitoring, health care, intelligent building, etc.
As the key equipment of the wireless sensor network,the gateway paly a very important role because of the responsibility for the data gathering, storing and forwarding of the whole network. The wireless sensor gateway access technology is part of the sensor network technique. Gateways use wireless access solutions can remove the bondage of cables for the scope of wireless sensor network applications and can expand the using scene of wireless sensor network. This technology can be widely used in the terrible environment such as mine and forest.
The gateway wireless access technologies mainly include GPRS, CDMA, Bluetooth and ZigBee at present. The advantages and disadvantages of these technical solutions are obvious. Therefore, the research focuses are to choose the appropriate solutions and to realize them.
In this thesis, we introduce the background of the wireless sensor network at the first. Then we introduce the principles and characteristics of several kinds of typical wireless sensor network gateway access technologies respectively. And we compare their wireless communication abilities, in costs, developing difficulties. Then we chose a kind of gateway wireless access technology, GPRS, combined with the actual conditions of our laboratory. Finally, a detailed discussion on hardware design method of the processor module,2.4GHz wireless communication module, power supply module and wireless access module is presented, and we point out what should be pay attention to. In addition, we put forward the software framework and AT command processes and built a prototype system to verify our design. The last part of this thesis is a summary of the paper and the outlook for future works.
引文
[1]孙利民,李建中编著.无线传感器网络[M].第一版.北京：清华大学出版社.2005.
[2]Q. Le-Trung, A. Taherkordi, T. Skeie, H. N. Pham, P. E. Engelstad.Information Storage, Reduction and Dissemination in Sensor Networks:A Survey;Consumer Communications and Networking Conference[C]. Las Vegas. NV.2009.CCNC 2009.6th IEEE.Page(s):1~3.
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[4]孙利民,李建中著.无线传感器网络[M].第一版.清华大学出版社.2005.
[5]钟永峰,李永俊著ZigBee无线传感器网络[M].第一版.北京邮电大学出版社.2011.
[6]Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Sensor Networks: Promise and Reality, incited presentation, Sensors Expo and Conference, Detroit, ML June 9, 2004.
[7]Krishnamurthy Lakshman, Connect the Physical World to Information Technology: Industrial application for sensor networks[EB/OL]. Advanced sensing Technologies, Spring 2004 seminar series, http://asia. Stanford. edu/events/Spring04/sensors.html.
[8]G. Mulligan, "The 6LoWPAN architecture," [C]//, presented at the Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors, Cork, Ireland, 2007.
[9]G. Montenegro, N. Kushalnagar, J. Hui, and D. Culler, "RFC 4944-IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LowPAN) RFC,"[S],ed.
[10]胡耀东,申兴发,戴国骏,蒋清野著.基于Sun SPOT无线传感器网络实验教程[M].第一版.北京.电子工业出版社.2008Page(s):1~11.
[11]MA Fu-chang, FENGDao-xun, ZHANG Ying-mei, Research of wireless network based on technique of ZigBee and GPRS, Automation & Instrumentation, 2008-03.
[12]周雅琴,谭定忠,”无线传惑器网络应用及研究现状,”[J],传感器世界.2009.
[13]摩托罗拉工程学院主编,文志成编著GPRS网络技术[M].电子工业出版社.2005.9.
[14]文志成编著.通用分组无线业务—GPRS[M]电子工业出版社.2004.1.
[15]钟章队等编著GPRS通用分组无线技术.北京：人民邮电出版社.2000.12.
[16]Michel Mouly等著.GSM数字移动通信技术.骆建霞等译.电子工业出版社.1996.6.
[17]SYS102.BBS(GPRS) Database Training Manual.
[18]周柏杨,耿淑芬著CDMA网络技术.国防工业出版社.2006.8.
[19]邬国杨著CDMA数字蜂窝网.西安电子科技大学出版社.2003.
[20]金纯,肖玲娜,罗纬,聂增丽著.超低功耗(ULP)蓝牙技术规范解析.国防工业出版社.2010.5.
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[22]ZigBee Alliance. New ZigBee Green Power Feature Set Revealed.
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[2]Q. Le-Trung, A. Taherkordi, T. Skeie, H. N. Pham, P. E. Engelstad.Information Storage, Reduction and Dissemination in Sensor Networks:A Survey;Consumer Communications and Networking Conference[C]. Las Vegas. NV.2009.CCNC 2009.6th IEEE.Page(s):1~3.
[3]Business Week Online, Tech wave 2:The sensor revolution[OL]. http://www. Business week. com/magazine/content/03_34/b3846622.htm.
[4]孙利民,李建中著.无线传感器网络[M].第一版.清华大学出版社.2005.
[5]钟永峰,李永俊著ZigBee无线传感器网络[M].第一版.北京邮电大学出版社.2011.
[6]Lakshman Krishnamurthy, Sensor Networks: Promise and Reality, incited presentation, Sensors Expo and Conference, Detroit, ML June 9, 2004.
[7]Krishnamurthy Lakshman, Connect the Physical World to Information Technology: Industrial application for sensor networks[EB/OL]. Advanced sensing Technologies, Spring 2004 seminar series, http://asia. Stanford. edu/events/Spring04/sensors.html.
[8]G. Mulligan, "The 6LoWPAN architecture," [C]//, presented at the Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors, Cork, Ireland, 2007.
[9]G. Montenegro, N. Kushalnagar, J. Hui, and D. Culler, "RFC 4944-IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LowPAN) RFC,"[S],ed.
[10]胡耀东,申兴发,戴国骏,蒋清野著.基于Sun SPOT无线传感器网络实验教程[M].第一版.北京.电子工业出版社.2008Page(s):1~11.
[11]MA Fu-chang, FENGDao-xun, ZHANG Ying-mei, Research of wireless network based on technique of ZigBee and GPRS, Automation & Instrumentation, 2008-03.
[12]周雅琴,谭定忠,”无线传惑器网络应用及研究现状,”[J],传感器世界.2009.
[13]摩托罗拉工程学院主编,文志成编著GPRS网络技术[M].电子工业出版社.2005.9.
[14]文志成编著.通用分组无线业务—GPRS[M]电子工业出版社.2004.1.
[15]钟章队等编著GPRS通用分组无线技术.北京：人民邮电出版社.2000.12.
[16]Michel Mouly等著.GSM数字移动通信技术.骆建霞等译.电子工业出版社.1996.6.
[17]SYS102.BBS(GPRS) Database Training Manual.
[18]周柏杨,耿淑芬著CDMA网络技术.国防工业出版社.2006.8.
[19]邬国杨著CDMA数字蜂窝网.西安电子科技大学出版社.2003.
[20]金纯,肖玲娜,罗纬,聂增丽著.超低功耗(ULP)蓝牙技术规范解析.国防工业出版社.2010.5.
[21]Shepherd R. Bluetooth wireless technology in the home. Electronics and Communication Engineering Journal.IEEE2001(13).
[22]ZigBee Alliance. New ZigBee Green Power Feature Set Revealed.
[23]ZigBee Alliance.ZigBee and Wreless Rdio Fequency Coexistence.
[24]HUA WEI MG323 GSM M2M模块用户手册.
[25]ATmel.ATmega128L Datasheet[OL].http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/246 7S.pdf.2006.
[26]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.MSP430 Datasheet[OL].http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ds/symlink/msp 430c311.pdf.04.2000.
[27]ATmel.AT91RM9200 Datasheet[OL].http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc 1768.pdf.10.2006.
[28]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.CC2420 Datasheet[OL].http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ds/symlink/cc24 20.pdf.05.2007.
[29]Nordic Semiconductor.nRF2401 Datasheet[OL].http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/IC/nRF24 01A.pdf.12.2004.
[30]TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.CC1000 Datasheet[OL].http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ds/symlink/cc10 OO.pdf.
[31]HUA WEI MG323 GSM M2M模块硬件开发指南.
[32]焦宝国.一种高可靠性的矿用稳压电源[J].煤矿机电.2008.
[33]LM2576 Datasheet[OL]. http://www.waveshare.net/shop/LM2576-price.htm.
[34]彭东.一种多传感模块无线传感器网络新型节点的设计与实现[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009.
[35]ATmel. Atman Avr[OL]. http://www.atmanecl.com/ChineseSite/SoftwareChinese.htm.
[36]AVR.AVR Studio[OL].http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2510.pdf.