基于动态测试的精密弹性元件刚度测量方法研究
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摘要
弹挠性零件是弹挠性仪表中的核心零件,它不仅具有高的尺寸精度与位置精度要求,而且还有严格的刚度要求,这对弹性元件的加工检测特别是刚度检测提出了很高的要求。到目前为止,应用较为成熟的弹挠性零件刚度的测量一直采用静态测试法,但静态测量法在测量过程中易受弯矩和小角度本身的测量精度的限制,对传感器及测量系统要求较高。为了避免力和位移传感器测量精度对刚度测量的影响,本课题提出了一种基于附加质量法的刚度动态测试方法,为测量小刚度与较大刚度弹挠性零件刚度测量提供借鉴。本课题将从测量原理分析、实验方案论证、实验装置研制及静动态测量实验对比四个方面进行研究。
本文首先介绍传统振动系统固有频率测量方法以及模态参数识别方法,为精密弹性件固有频率测量方法提供基础。为了避免转动惯量测量,提出一种可以通过测量元件附加质量前后固有频率来得到试件刚度的附加质量法,对弹性元件刚度动态方法可行性进行了验证。
本文先对激振子系统及测振子系统进行分析选择,随后针对信号处理方式的不同分别提出了基于数据采集法和频率计数法的5种测量方案,经过比较结合实际情况选择单个周期的频率计数法作为本课题的信号处理方案。
本文选择了采用AD598作为差动变压器信号调理芯片的二次仪表电路、零点残余电压补偿电路、过零检测、二阶巴特沃斯低通滤波器以及电路其他部分,接着设计了实验系统机械部分以及软件部分。
本文进行了频率测量电路的误差检定实验和静态刚度测量的对比试验,对实验结果进行了研究,分析了这种测量方法的可行性与适用性。
As the core parts of flexible instruments, Flexible elements it not only has high dimensional accuracy and position accuracy requirements, but also the stiffness of the strict requirements of the processing of elastic element stiffness testing in particular has a very high detection requirements. So far, the application of more mature parts of the shells flex stiffness measurement has been using a static test, but the static measurements of the measurement process vulnerable moment, and small-angle measurement was recorded in its own restrictions on the accuracy of sensors and measurement system requirements are more stringent than high. In order to avoid displacement sensor and measurement accuracy of the stiffness measurement of the impact, the paper presents a method based on the quality of the stiffness of the additional dynamic test methods for measuring greater degree of stiffness and rigidity of shells flexible parts for reference measurement. Measuring principle of this issue will be analysis of the experimental program of demonstration, the development of experimental apparatus and experimental static and dynamic contrast measurements to study four aspects.
This paper first introduces the natural frequency of vibration system of traditional measurement methods and modal parameter identification methods, to sophisticated pieces of the inherent flexibility to provide the basis of frequency measurement. In order to avoid measurement of moment of inertia, and then raised an additional mass by measuring the components to get around the natural frequency of the additional stiffness of the sample quality, the dynamic stiffness of the elastic element method to verify the feasibility.
This article first vibration excitation subsystem and subsystem analysis options, and then the way for signal processing, respectively, based on different data collection method and frequency count of the five kinds of measurement, combined with the actual situation in comparison to choose the frequency of a single cycle counting method as the subject of signal processing programs.
This paper chose the AD598 used as a differential transformer secondary signal conditioning chip instrumentation circuitry, zero residual voltage compensation circuit, zero-crossing detection, second-order Butterworth low-pass filter, as well as other parts of the circuit, and then design the mechanical parts of the experimental system, as well as software.
In this paper, a frequency measurement circuit test experiments and the error of measurement of the static stiffness comparison tests, the experimental results of the study, analyzed the feasibility of such a measurement method and applicability.
本文首先介绍传统振动系统固有频率测量方法以及模态参数识别方法,为精密弹性件固有频率测量方法提供基础。为了避免转动惯量测量,提出一种可以通过测量元件附加质量前后固有频率来得到试件刚度的附加质量法,对弹性元件刚度动态方法可行性进行了验证。
本文先对激振子系统及测振子系统进行分析选择,随后针对信号处理方式的不同分别提出了基于数据采集法和频率计数法的5种测量方案,经过比较结合实际情况选择单个周期的频率计数法作为本课题的信号处理方案。
本文选择了采用AD598作为差动变压器信号调理芯片的二次仪表电路、零点残余电压补偿电路、过零检测、二阶巴特沃斯低通滤波器以及电路其他部分,接着设计了实验系统机械部分以及软件部分。
本文进行了频率测量电路的误差检定实验和静态刚度测量的对比试验,对实验结果进行了研究,分析了这种测量方法的可行性与适用性。
As the core parts of flexible instruments, Flexible elements it not only has high dimensional accuracy and position accuracy requirements, but also the stiffness of the strict requirements of the processing of elastic element stiffness testing in particular has a very high detection requirements. So far, the application of more mature parts of the shells flex stiffness measurement has been using a static test, but the static measurements of the measurement process vulnerable moment, and small-angle measurement was recorded in its own restrictions on the accuracy of sensors and measurement system requirements are more stringent than high. In order to avoid displacement sensor and measurement accuracy of the stiffness measurement of the impact, the paper presents a method based on the quality of the stiffness of the additional dynamic test methods for measuring greater degree of stiffness and rigidity of shells flexible parts for reference measurement. Measuring principle of this issue will be analysis of the experimental program of demonstration, the development of experimental apparatus and experimental static and dynamic contrast measurements to study four aspects.
This paper first introduces the natural frequency of vibration system of traditional measurement methods and modal parameter identification methods, to sophisticated pieces of the inherent flexibility to provide the basis of frequency measurement. In order to avoid measurement of moment of inertia, and then raised an additional mass by measuring the components to get around the natural frequency of the additional stiffness of the sample quality, the dynamic stiffness of the elastic element method to verify the feasibility.
This article first vibration excitation subsystem and subsystem analysis options, and then the way for signal processing, respectively, based on different data collection method and frequency count of the five kinds of measurement, combined with the actual situation in comparison to choose the frequency of a single cycle counting method as the subject of signal processing programs.
This paper chose the AD598 used as a differential transformer secondary signal conditioning chip instrumentation circuitry, zero residual voltage compensation circuit, zero-crossing detection, second-order Butterworth low-pass filter, as well as other parts of the circuit, and then design the mechanical parts of the experimental system, as well as software.
In this paper, a frequency measurement circuit test experiments and the error of measurement of the static stiffness comparison tests, the experimental results of the study, analyzed the feasibility of such a measurement method and applicability.
引文
1吕世勇.高精度刚度测量仪的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.1996
2赵维谦,谭久彬.弹挠性零件刚度系数的测量方法.航天工艺.2001(1)
3赵辉,俞朴.微小尺寸弹性零件刚度自动检测方法的研究.仪器仪表学报,2001, 22 (3): 49~50
4龙佑喜,徐荣葆,柯宏发.挠性陀螺接头角刚度测量.航空精密制造技术.1998,34 (2):42~44
5周琪,阎志强,熊文香.挠性接头刚度测量系统的研究.航空工艺.1999 (6):4~7
6敖明武.精密弹性元件新型刚度测量仪的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
7 C.D. Tao, G.L. Wang. New Method on Rigidity Measurement of Elastic Elements. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Vol. E-2(1),March 1995
8万志.陀螺仪扭杆迟滞角及扭转刚度智能化测试系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.1997: 25~27
9刘春晖.单片机控制伺服阀衔铁组件刚度测试仪的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.1992
10 Foss. O.C. A Low Stiffness Suspension System for Free-free Modal. IMAC XI Proceedings, 1993
11 Foss. G.C. Free-free Modal Testing without Suspension Models. IMAC XIV Proceedings, 1996
12 Marino. P. D. A Method to Determing Vehicle Frame Static Torsion and Bending Stiffness from Dynamic Measurements. Sc. Methesis. OMI Engineering and Management Institute, 1996
13杨元华.挠性接头刚度动态测试方法的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
14郭晓河,王晓东.谐振法刚度测量仪的设计.电子测量技术, Vol. 30 (4):181~183
15顾利忠,蔡庆胜,胡轶.光激励微型悬臂梁谐振器.应用激光头.1991,Vol.11(5):214~216
16 Holster P, Jacobs J, Roblee J. The measurement and finite element analysis ofthe dynamic stiffness of non-uniform clearance, gas thrust bearings. Trans.of ASME, Journal of Tribology. 1991, 113(4): 768~776
17 Heiko Fettig. Simulation, dynamic testing and design of Micromachined flexible joints. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 2001, 11(2):209~216
18 WP De Wilde. Determination of the material constants of an anisotropic lamina by free vibration analysis. Proc. 2nd Int. Modal Analysis Conf., 1984. 44~46
19 WP De Wilde, H Sol, and M Van Overmeire. Coupling of Lagrange interpolation, Modal Analysis and sensitivity analysis the determination of anisotropic plate. Proc. 4th 1nt. Modal Analysis Conf, LosAngeles.1986, 1058~1061
20李德葆,陆秋海.工程振动试验分析.清华大学出版社. 2004
21杨华.模态参数识别的研究现状及发展.机械. 2006,Vol.10(33):1～3
22秦永元.动力调谐陀螺挠性接头力学参数动态测试的频域辨识法.中国惯性技术学报. 1998, Vol. 6( 3):39-43
23张奇.密肋壁板结构参数识别及动力复合反演分析.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2006
24秦仙蓉,张令弥.对模态参数识别的整体正交多项式算法的评述.强度与环境. 2000(4):30-38
25梁敏.振动参数识别的一种新方法.华南理工大学学报.1995,Vol.23(4):107-110
26罗光坤,张令弥.Morlet小波用于环境激励下的模态参数识别研究.地震工程与工程振动.2007,27(4):109-115
27 Shirai, Y.Nitta, T. Akita, K.Nishikaito, H. Experimental studies on diagnosis of operating conditions of power system by use of SMES. Power System Simulator. 1997,4(1):28~32
28 Van der Auweraer H, Hermans. Structural model identification from real operating conditions. Sound and Vibration, 1999,33
29 Rodrigues J, Costa AC. Modal analysis from ambient vibration survey of bridges.Lnec experience. 17th IMAC, 1999
30吴东良,戴一帆,郑子文.基于模态分析的挠性接头角刚度测量研究.国防科技大学学报.2004,26(5):94-98
31 D'haene T, Pintelon R, Schoukens J, Gheem E V. Variance analysis of frequency response function measurements using periodic excitations. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2005, 54(4): 1452~1456.
32李文汇.电磁振动机械设备的发展与展望.机电产品开发与创新.2008,Vol.21(5):41-42
33贾民平.机械工程测试与控制技术.东南大学出版社. 2006
34石利英.传感技术.同济大学出版社.1995
35严颂庄,土祝盈,陈小林等.影响相检式多周期同步测频法测量精度因数的研究,湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2003, 30 (3) : 5-8
36周渭.相检宽带测频技术.仪器仪表学报. 2003,14(4):359-362
37 W. Zhou. Some new development of precision frequency measurement technique. Proc of the 1995 IEEE IFCS. 1995:354~359
38 W. Zhou. Some new methods or presion time interval measurement.1997 IEEE international frequency control symposium
39包本刚.基于FPGA的全同步数字频率计的设计.湖南大学硕士论文. 2007
40单成祥,牛彦文,张春.传感器设计基础.国防工业出版社. 2007
41 S.T. Wu, S.C. Mo, B.S. Wu. An LVDT-based self-actuating displacement transducer. Sensors and Actuators. 2008,A-141:558~564
42 J. Hirai, T-W. Kim. Position-sensorless drive of linear pulse motor for suppressing transient vibration, IEEE Trans. Electron. 2000, IE-47(2) 337~345
43董永贵.传感技术与系统.清华大学出版社. 2006
44 C.S.Lin. The Laser Displacement Measurement with Control in a Magnetic Levitation and Suspension System. Comput. Methods. 2000, 190: 25-34.
45 K.Diaz de Lezana. Comparative study of alternative circuit configuration for inductivesensors. Sensors and Actuators. A 91 226-229
46谭六喜.螺管线圈传感器的线性范围研究.华中科技大学硕士论文. 2004
47 Suresh C. Saxena, S.B. LaL Seksena. A self-compensated smart LVDT Tranducer. IEEE Trans. On Instruments and Measurement. 1989,38(3)
48 Y.R. Chen. Sensorless drive of permanent magnet linear motors using modified Kalman filter. Proc of PESC. 2001:2009-2013.
49杨朝英.电感传感器在磁悬浮轴承系统中的应用研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文. 2005:38~41
50 Data Sheet. LVDT Signal Conditional AD598, Analog Device Inc.
51谢自美.电子线路设计实验测试.华中理工大学出版社. 1992
2赵维谦,谭久彬.弹挠性零件刚度系数的测量方法.航天工艺.2001(1)
3赵辉,俞朴.微小尺寸弹性零件刚度自动检测方法的研究.仪器仪表学报,2001, 22 (3): 49~50
4龙佑喜,徐荣葆,柯宏发.挠性陀螺接头角刚度测量.航空精密制造技术.1998,34 (2):42~44
5周琪,阎志强,熊文香.挠性接头刚度测量系统的研究.航空工艺.1999 (6):4~7
6敖明武.精密弹性元件新型刚度测量仪的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
7 C.D. Tao, G.L. Wang. New Method on Rigidity Measurement of Elastic Elements. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Vol. E-2(1),March 1995
8万志.陀螺仪扭杆迟滞角及扭转刚度智能化测试系统的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.1997: 25~27
9刘春晖.单片机控制伺服阀衔铁组件刚度测试仪的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.1992
10 Foss. O.C. A Low Stiffness Suspension System for Free-free Modal. IMAC XI Proceedings, 1993
11 Foss. G.C. Free-free Modal Testing without Suspension Models. IMAC XIV Proceedings, 1996
12 Marino. P. D. A Method to Determing Vehicle Frame Static Torsion and Bending Stiffness from Dynamic Measurements. Sc. Methesis. OMI Engineering and Management Institute, 1996
13杨元华.挠性接头刚度动态测试方法的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2002
14郭晓河,王晓东.谐振法刚度测量仪的设计.电子测量技术, Vol. 30 (4):181~183
15顾利忠,蔡庆胜,胡轶.光激励微型悬臂梁谐振器.应用激光头.1991,Vol.11(5):214~216
16 Holster P, Jacobs J, Roblee J. The measurement and finite element analysis ofthe dynamic stiffness of non-uniform clearance, gas thrust bearings. Trans.of ASME, Journal of Tribology. 1991, 113(4): 768~776
17 Heiko Fettig. Simulation, dynamic testing and design of Micromachined flexible joints. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 2001, 11(2):209~216
18 WP De Wilde. Determination of the material constants of an anisotropic lamina by free vibration analysis. Proc. 2nd Int. Modal Analysis Conf., 1984. 44~46
19 WP De Wilde, H Sol, and M Van Overmeire. Coupling of Lagrange interpolation, Modal Analysis and sensitivity analysis the determination of anisotropic plate. Proc. 4th 1nt. Modal Analysis Conf, LosAngeles.1986, 1058~1061
20李德葆,陆秋海.工程振动试验分析.清华大学出版社. 2004
21杨华.模态参数识别的研究现状及发展.机械. 2006,Vol.10(33):1～3
22秦永元.动力调谐陀螺挠性接头力学参数动态测试的频域辨识法.中国惯性技术学报. 1998, Vol. 6( 3):39-43
23张奇.密肋壁板结构参数识别及动力复合反演分析.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2006
24秦仙蓉,张令弥.对模态参数识别的整体正交多项式算法的评述.强度与环境. 2000(4):30-38
25梁敏.振动参数识别的一种新方法.华南理工大学学报.1995,Vol.23(4):107-110
26罗光坤,张令弥.Morlet小波用于环境激励下的模态参数识别研究.地震工程与工程振动.2007,27(4):109-115
27 Shirai, Y.Nitta, T. Akita, K.Nishikaito, H. Experimental studies on diagnosis of operating conditions of power system by use of SMES. Power System Simulator. 1997,4(1):28~32
28 Van der Auweraer H, Hermans. Structural model identification from real operating conditions. Sound and Vibration, 1999,33
29 Rodrigues J, Costa AC. Modal analysis from ambient vibration survey of bridges.Lnec experience. 17th IMAC, 1999
30吴东良,戴一帆,郑子文.基于模态分析的挠性接头角刚度测量研究.国防科技大学学报.2004,26(5):94-98
31 D'haene T, Pintelon R, Schoukens J, Gheem E V. Variance analysis of frequency response function measurements using periodic excitations. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2005, 54(4): 1452~1456.
32李文汇.电磁振动机械设备的发展与展望.机电产品开发与创新.2008,Vol.21(5):41-42
33贾民平.机械工程测试与控制技术.东南大学出版社. 2006
34石利英.传感技术.同济大学出版社.1995
35严颂庄,土祝盈,陈小林等.影响相检式多周期同步测频法测量精度因数的研究,湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2003, 30 (3) : 5-8
36周渭.相检宽带测频技术.仪器仪表学报. 2003,14(4):359-362
37 W. Zhou. Some new development of precision frequency measurement technique. Proc of the 1995 IEEE IFCS. 1995:354~359
38 W. Zhou. Some new methods or presion time interval measurement.1997 IEEE international frequency control symposium
39包本刚.基于FPGA的全同步数字频率计的设计.湖南大学硕士论文. 2007
40单成祥,牛彦文,张春.传感器设计基础.国防工业出版社. 2007
41 S.T. Wu, S.C. Mo, B.S. Wu. An LVDT-based self-actuating displacement transducer. Sensors and Actuators. 2008,A-141:558~564
42 J. Hirai, T-W. Kim. Position-sensorless drive of linear pulse motor for suppressing transient vibration, IEEE Trans. Electron. 2000, IE-47(2) 337~345
43董永贵.传感技术与系统.清华大学出版社. 2006
44 C.S.Lin. The Laser Displacement Measurement with Control in a Magnetic Levitation and Suspension System. Comput. Methods. 2000, 190: 25-34.
45 K.Diaz de Lezana. Comparative study of alternative circuit configuration for inductivesensors. Sensors and Actuators. A 91 226-229
46谭六喜.螺管线圈传感器的线性范围研究.华中科技大学硕士论文. 2004
47 Suresh C. Saxena, S.B. LaL Seksena. A self-compensated smart LVDT Tranducer. IEEE Trans. On Instruments and Measurement. 1989,38(3)
48 Y.R. Chen. Sensorless drive of permanent magnet linear motors using modified Kalman filter. Proc of PESC. 2001:2009-2013.
49杨朝英.电感传感器在磁悬浮轴承系统中的应用研究.南京航空航天大学硕士论文. 2005:38~41
50 Data Sheet. LVDT Signal Conditional AD598, Analog Device Inc.
51谢自美.电子线路设计实验测试.华中理工大学出版社. 1992