预应力锚索锚具试验台研究
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摘要
随着我国预应力技术的发展,预应力锚夹具在建设施工中得到了大量推广,对锚索锚具的要求也日益增加,锚索锚具的力学性能测试也倍受人们关注。加上其服役条件的日趋复杂,单纯的静载拉伸、松弛试验已经不能对锚索锚具的使用寿命做一个合理安全的测试,因此,必须分析预应力锚索锚具的疲劳性能,来测量其安全使用寿命。现在,锚索锚具的疲劳性能检测已经成为一项重要的检测内容,然而,作为预应力锚具产品的检测用的试验机却一直处于较低的水平。
本课题从这样一种现状出发,根据《预应力筋用锚具、夹具和连接器》GB/T14370-2000所要求的预应力锚夹具的使用要求、静载锚固性能及疲劳测试性能,设计一种新型的预应力锚夹具试验台。试验台通过液压加载系统、偏心轮传动机构实现疲劳载荷的施加,并借助于振弦式传感器及电感调频式位移传感器来测得载荷和预应力筋变形的时时情况,数据采集显示仪将测量值记录、保存,并和计算机相连,借助VB程序,将测试结果显示出来。在设计的过程中,运用PRO/E中的Mechanism(机构分析模块)进行偏心轮机构仿真分析,得出滑块速度,加速度及位移曲线图,从而分析设计的合理性与否,缩短设计周期。
本试验台既能够完成预应力筋锚索锚具静载试验,又能够完成疲劳测试,本身就是一个创新,并且在传感器的安装,安全防护,试件的装拆有独特之处,再加上能够实现测量结果统计的自动化,避免了人为操作影响试验结果的准确性,既满足使用要求,又能够实现现代化。
With the pre-stressed technology, pre-stressed anchor fixtures in the building construction has been a lot of promotion, cable anchor on the ever-increasing demands, the mechanical properties of cable anchor test is also much concern. Together with their conditions of service of the growing complexity, a simple set of static stretching relaxation tests can not be a reasonable safety test to the life of anchor cable. Therefore, we must analyze the fatigue of prestressed cable anchor performance, in order to get the useful life of its security. Now, the fatigue performance testing of the cable anchor has become an important test content, the equipment of fatigue for prestressing reinforcement has been in a low level. Now, there are a few units of Static Load Test machines, however, electronic equipments are updating constantly.
This topic is starting from such a status quo, in accordance with "anchor tendons, fixtures and connectors" GB/T14370-2000 requirements, including prestressed anchor fixture requirements, the performance of static load and fatigue testing anchor performance. The test bed makes use of hydraulic loading system, eccentric drive mechanism to realize the imposed load fatigue, And through the use of vibrating wire sensors and inductive displacement sensors measured load and deformation of prestressed reinforcement from time to time in the course of the experiment. Data collection instrument will be the measured value display to record, and connects with computer, with VB procedures, test results will be displayed. In the design process, the author carries out simulation analysis of eccentric with the Mechanism in PRO/E, and come to the slider velocity, acceleration and displacement curves, with the result that we can analyze the reasonableness or otherwise, and shorten the design cycle.
This instrument is able to complete not only static load test but also fatigue test, itself is an innovation, and the installation of sensors, safety protection, the assembly and disassembly samples have unique, in addition, it can achieve the automation of statistical measurements, and avoid the impact of man-made operation of the accuracy of test results to meet the application requirements. This Test-bed used to meet the requirements and to achieve modernization.
本课题从这样一种现状出发,根据《预应力筋用锚具、夹具和连接器》GB/T14370-2000所要求的预应力锚夹具的使用要求、静载锚固性能及疲劳测试性能,设计一种新型的预应力锚夹具试验台。试验台通过液压加载系统、偏心轮传动机构实现疲劳载荷的施加,并借助于振弦式传感器及电感调频式位移传感器来测得载荷和预应力筋变形的时时情况,数据采集显示仪将测量值记录、保存,并和计算机相连,借助VB程序,将测试结果显示出来。在设计的过程中,运用PRO/E中的Mechanism(机构分析模块)进行偏心轮机构仿真分析,得出滑块速度,加速度及位移曲线图,从而分析设计的合理性与否,缩短设计周期。
本试验台既能够完成预应力筋锚索锚具静载试验,又能够完成疲劳测试,本身就是一个创新,并且在传感器的安装,安全防护,试件的装拆有独特之处,再加上能够实现测量结果统计的自动化,避免了人为操作影响试验结果的准确性,既满足使用要求,又能够实现现代化。
With the pre-stressed technology, pre-stressed anchor fixtures in the building construction has been a lot of promotion, cable anchor on the ever-increasing demands, the mechanical properties of cable anchor test is also much concern. Together with their conditions of service of the growing complexity, a simple set of static stretching relaxation tests can not be a reasonable safety test to the life of anchor cable. Therefore, we must analyze the fatigue of prestressed cable anchor performance, in order to get the useful life of its security. Now, the fatigue performance testing of the cable anchor has become an important test content, the equipment of fatigue for prestressing reinforcement has been in a low level. Now, there are a few units of Static Load Test machines, however, electronic equipments are updating constantly.
This topic is starting from such a status quo, in accordance with "anchor tendons, fixtures and connectors" GB/T14370-2000 requirements, including prestressed anchor fixture requirements, the performance of static load and fatigue testing anchor performance. The test bed makes use of hydraulic loading system, eccentric drive mechanism to realize the imposed load fatigue, And through the use of vibrating wire sensors and inductive displacement sensors measured load and deformation of prestressed reinforcement from time to time in the course of the experiment. Data collection instrument will be the measured value display to record, and connects with computer, with VB procedures, test results will be displayed. In the design process, the author carries out simulation analysis of eccentric with the Mechanism in PRO/E, and come to the slider velocity, acceleration and displacement curves, with the result that we can analyze the reasonableness or otherwise, and shorten the design cycle.
This instrument is able to complete not only static load test but also fatigue test, itself is an innovation, and the installation of sensors, safety protection, the assembly and disassembly samples have unique, in addition, it can achieve the automation of statistical measurements, and avoid the impact of man-made operation of the accuracy of test results to meet the application requirements. This Test-bed used to meet the requirements and to achieve modernization.
引文
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2.周波.预应力锚索技术在渝怀铁路路基工程中的应用[D].成都:西南交通大学.2006.01
3.李毅.新型光纤光栅锚杆测力计及应用[J].矿业开发与应用.第29卷第1期.45-47
4.方培生.传感器原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社.1991
5.贾伯年.传感器技术[M].南京:东南大学出版社.1992,56-60
6.Xu P.and Shi C.Study on a Scheme of Dynamic Electronic Crane Scale.ACTH APMF[J].1996,117-120
7.成大先.转子平衡现场的一些实际情况[J].重庆电力高等专科学校学报.1998(6),31-34
8.机械设计手册编委会.疲劳强度设计(机械设计手册单行本)[M].机械工业出版社.2007
9.Wolff R,Miesser H J.New Materials for Prestressing and MonitoringHeavy Structures[J].Concrete International.1989,(9):86-89
10.闫莫明.岩土锚固技术手册[M].人民交通出版社.2001
11.周迅.曲轴弯曲疲劳试验系统的研究与开发[D].杭州:浙江大学.2003
12.预应力筋用锚具、夹具和连接器GB/T14370-2000[M].中国标准出版社.2003
13.邓铁六.振弦传感技术的新进展及锚索测力计[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2001,(10):1769-1771
14.梁栋.碳纤维预应力筋及拉索锚固系统静力性能的试验研究[D].长沙:湖南大学.2004
15.朱莹.智能化预应力锚具组装件静载试验机系列产品问世[J].工程质量.2003,(11):32-34
16.郑舟均.斜拉桥索梁锚固区足尺疲劳实验研究[J].实验室研究与探索.2007,(11):232-247
17.尹为恺.材料及元件疲劳试验方法[J].洪都科技.1994,(1):23-37
18.熊伟平.曲轴弯曲疲劳试验的方法[J].装配制造技术.2003,(4):21-23
19.任伟平.湛江海湾大桥锚拉板式索量锚固区[J].西南交通大学学报.2007,(2)
20.Sayed_Ahmed E Y,Shrive N G.A New Steel Anchor System for Post_Tensioning Applications Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Tendons[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering.1998,25:113-127
21.Monica Bellgran,Christer Johansson.A method for the design of flexible assembly systems[J].International Journal of Production economics.1995,(41):93-102
22.John.E.Breen,PHD.prestessed concrete the state of the Art in North America[J].1990,vol.35(6):P62-67
23.江平.基于Pro/E系统的虚拟装配和运动仿真技术的应用[J].机电技术.2004,(1):31-32
24.程海正.基于Pro/E的平面机构运动仿真[J].南通工学院学报.2004(12):39-40
25.赵明宇.基于Pro/E的发动机曲柄连杆机构运动仿真[J].农机化研究.2005,(3):121-122
26.廖振明.高边坡预应力锚索(杆)试验孔基本实验[J].公路交通技术.2006,(2):32-33
27.申庆成.边坡危岩治理中对锚索预应力损失的实验研究[J].云南水利发电.2006,(5):46-47
28.张鉴秋.振弦式力传感器弹性元件的优化设计[J].现代制造工程.2007,(12):94-95
29.李炳生.力和位移传感器在结构试验中的应用技巧[J].上海计量技术.1995,(1):37-38
30.Khin M,Harada T,Tokumisu S,et al.The Anchor Meshanism for FRPTendons Using Highly Expansive Materials for Anchoring.El Badry MM.Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures[J].Montreal,Quebec,Canada:CSCE,1996,959-964
31.Forrest A R.Interactive interpolation and approximation by Bezier polynomials[J].The Computer,1972,15(1):71-79
32.Moises A,ANorris.Loss of prestress predictionbased on nondestructive damage location algorithms[J].Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering.1995,2446:60-67
33.刘黎阳.平衡曲柄滑块机构惯性力的研究[J].现代制造技术与装备.2008,(1):6-8
34.刘海明.不可忽视的连杆大端孔的椭圆变形[J].航海技术.2003年第2期.59-60
35.刘静侠.偏心轮机构在机座低脚孔钻模上的应用[J].中小型电机.1994,(3):21-22
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