盐岩地下储气库注采气压变化的三维地质力学模型试验与数值计算分析研究
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摘要
我国为了解决能源短缺这一逐渐凸显的矛盾,开始实施能源战略储备。由于盐岩具有良好的蠕变性、低孔隙率和低渗透性等特点,被国际公认为是能源储存的最理想的介质。在国外,对盐岩能源储备的相关研究已经比较成熟。但是,与国外巨厚的盐丘相比,我国盐层具有厚度小、夹层多、埋深浅等缺陷,更重要的是与国外成熟的盐岩研究技术相比,我国对盐岩及其储库的研究刚刚起步,有许多重大的科技问题和相关的基础理论亟待解决。由于盐岩地下储气库注气与采气交变气压变化是影响储库运营安全的重要因素,本文在国家重点基础研究发展计划(973课题)——《油气储库群运营中的灾变风险评估与调控机制》的支持下,以江苏金坛盐岩储气库为工程背景开展了盐岩地下储气库在注采气压变化条件下的三维地质力学模型试验研究,有效揭示了注采气压变化对储库营运安全稳定的影响。本文的研究内容和创新点如下：
第一,以金坛盐岩储气库为工程原型,根据储库介质的原岩物理力学参数、强度特征和变形特性,开展了大量的材料配比和相应的力学试验,研制出基本满足相似要求的储库模型相似材料。
第二,作为技术骨干设计研制出了真三维非均匀加载模型试验系统,包括模型试验加载反力装置、梯度非均匀加载装置和数字加压控制系统,实现了模型试验真三维非均匀加载的数字化和可视化。
第三,作为技术骨干设计研制出了模型注采气试验系统,包括注气与采气装置和注采气智能控制系统。该系统可高精度、智能化地实现注气与采气的整个模拟过程。
第四,按照储库实际运营工况,采用所研制的相似材料、真三维非均匀加载模型试验系统和注采气试验系统,进行了盐岩地下储气库在注采气压变化条件下的三维地质力学模型试验,有效获得储库洞周的变形规律,为盐岩储库的运营安全管理提供了指导。
In order to tackle the increasingly serious problem of energy shortage, the strategic reserves of energy being performed in our country. Salt rock is considered to be the best media due to its characteristics of good rheological, low porosity, and low permeability etc. However, there are defects of small thickness, multi-laminated, and shallow depth for salt bed in our country compared with the thick salt dome of abroad. To be more important, the research on salt rock and gas storage has just started in our country, so there are more important technologic issues and related basic theory which are desiderated to be solved. Because the pressure change during gas injection and recovery process is an important influencing factor of gas storage in salt rock,so the 3-D geomechanical model test was carried out under the change between injection and recovery pressure in the background of salt rock gas storage named JINTAN in JiangSu province under the support of National Key Basic Development Plan(973 subject)-《Risk assessment of catastrophe and regulation mechanism for soil and gas storage in the operation process》, and The influence of injection and recovery pressure on stability in operation process of storage was revealed effectively. The content and innovative points included in the article are presented as follows:
In the first place, according to the mechanical parameters, strength characteristics and deformation features, plenty of material mixture ration and its relevant mechanical test were carried out on the background of JINTAN salt rock gas storage. The similar materials which are similar with all kinds of characteristics basically of the medium in the gas-storage were attained.
In the second place, a 3-D geomechanics model test system of heterogeneous loading was designed and developed which includes counterforce device, non-uniform loading device and digital pressure control system. The test system can achieve the 3-D and non-uniform loading visually and digitally.
In the third place, an injection and recovery pressure experiment system was designed. It is made up of the device of injection and recovery pressure and an intelligent control system. This system can simulate the process of injection and recovery pressure accurately and intelligently.
Last but not least, according to the actual operating conditions, the similar materials, the 3-D geomechanics model test system and the injection and recovery pressure experiment system were applied to perform the 3-D model test in the condition of the change between injection and recovery pressure. The change rule of the gas storage was attained effectively which can supply guidance for the safe operation of gas storage in salt rock.
第一,以金坛盐岩储气库为工程原型,根据储库介质的原岩物理力学参数、强度特征和变形特性,开展了大量的材料配比和相应的力学试验,研制出基本满足相似要求的储库模型相似材料。
第二,作为技术骨干设计研制出了真三维非均匀加载模型试验系统,包括模型试验加载反力装置、梯度非均匀加载装置和数字加压控制系统,实现了模型试验真三维非均匀加载的数字化和可视化。
第三,作为技术骨干设计研制出了模型注采气试验系统,包括注气与采气装置和注采气智能控制系统。该系统可高精度、智能化地实现注气与采气的整个模拟过程。
第四,按照储库实际运营工况,采用所研制的相似材料、真三维非均匀加载模型试验系统和注采气试验系统,进行了盐岩地下储气库在注采气压变化条件下的三维地质力学模型试验,有效获得储库洞周的变形规律,为盐岩储库的运营安全管理提供了指导。
In order to tackle the increasingly serious problem of energy shortage, the strategic reserves of energy being performed in our country. Salt rock is considered to be the best media due to its characteristics of good rheological, low porosity, and low permeability etc. However, there are defects of small thickness, multi-laminated, and shallow depth for salt bed in our country compared with the thick salt dome of abroad. To be more important, the research on salt rock and gas storage has just started in our country, so there are more important technologic issues and related basic theory which are desiderated to be solved. Because the pressure change during gas injection and recovery process is an important influencing factor of gas storage in salt rock,so the 3-D geomechanical model test was carried out under the change between injection and recovery pressure in the background of salt rock gas storage named JINTAN in JiangSu province under the support of National Key Basic Development Plan(973 subject)-《Risk assessment of catastrophe and regulation mechanism for soil and gas storage in the operation process》, and The influence of injection and recovery pressure on stability in operation process of storage was revealed effectively. The content and innovative points included in the article are presented as follows:
In the first place, according to the mechanical parameters, strength characteristics and deformation features, plenty of material mixture ration and its relevant mechanical test were carried out on the background of JINTAN salt rock gas storage. The similar materials which are similar with all kinds of characteristics basically of the medium in the gas-storage were attained.
In the second place, a 3-D geomechanics model test system of heterogeneous loading was designed and developed which includes counterforce device, non-uniform loading device and digital pressure control system. The test system can achieve the 3-D and non-uniform loading visually and digitally.
In the third place, an injection and recovery pressure experiment system was designed. It is made up of the device of injection and recovery pressure and an intelligent control system. This system can simulate the process of injection and recovery pressure accurately and intelligently.
Last but not least, according to the actual operating conditions, the similar materials, the 3-D geomechanics model test system and the injection and recovery pressure experiment system were applied to perform the 3-D model test in the condition of the change between injection and recovery pressure. The change rule of the gas storage was attained effectively which can supply guidance for the safe operation of gas storage in salt rock.
引文
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