船舶管路泄漏实验台架的设计与实现
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摘要
世界船舶科技迅猛发展,船舶工业成为高新技术应用的重要领域,现代造船技术从模式到工艺都发生了质的变化,安全和环保技术成为世界船舶科技发展中的新热点。船舶管系是船舶的重要组成部分,犹如人体的血管,它们是联系主辅机和各有关设备的脉络,大多数处于潮湿、高温、振动的恶劣环境中,泄漏难以避免,成为影响船舶安全航行的重大隐患,轻则影响船舶正常运行,重则可以导致设备或结构失效发生沉没事故。因此船舶管道的泄漏检测与定位具有十分重要的现实意义。
本文主要完成了以下研究:
1)在分析船舶典型管系的泄漏机理后,搭建了典型船舶的动力管路模拟系统。
2)选择适当的传感器,并在指定管道间安装了压力变送器和超声波流量计,利用数据采集卡对压力和流量信号进行了实时的采集。
3)由于外界或者电路内部的影响,所采集的原始数据包含了信号和噪声。有时信号的变化与噪声的幅度相当,使得信号变化趋势被淹没,后面的数据分析结果不能获得预期的效果。本研究结合了小波降噪、小波变换与负压波相关分析的方法实现了对船舶管道泄漏监测定位。
4)实验系统的软件部分利用了虚拟仪器LABVIEW。在LABVIEW软件平台上所编制的系统能够完成对信号的接收、处理和分析等过程,并且在此基础上,系统可以通过对数据的分析判断管路是否发生泄漏并能够定位出泄漏点。
本文构建了一个集实验操作、数字化采集、小波分析、虚拟仪器技术融合的基本框架,实现了船舶管道泄漏监测的初步工作,为以后进一步开展相关研究奠定了基础。
The marine science and technology developed rapidly. Shipbuilding industry has become an important application of high-tech. The model and the process of modern shipbuilding technology changed dramatically. Safety and environmental technology has become a new hot spot of shipping technology. Like the body's blood vessels, the piping system is an important part of the ship. It is the link between the main and auxiliary engine and relevant equipment. They are distributed in various parts of ship, most in the wet, heat, vibration and harsh environment. It is difficult to avoid leakage of piping. Pipeline leakage has become a major hazard of the navigation safety. It can impact the normal operation of the ship, and even can make equipment or structural failure. the failure maybe will result in sinking accident. So the ship pipeline leakage detection and location are with great practical significance.
The following studies have been completed:
1)The structure of a typical ship's power line simulation system has been constructed after analyzing the principle of typical piping system.
2)The suitable sensor has been selected. The pressure transmitter and the ultrasonic flow meter have been installed on the given pipe. Real-time pressure and flow signals have been acquired by data acquisition card.
3)Because of the influence of environment and circuit, the original data include signal and noise. Change of the signal is almost as much as the extent of noise, sometimes. It makes the tendency of signal submerged. Expected results can not be got by the following data analysis. Ship piping leakage monitoring and location are achieved by wavelet de-noising, wavelet transform and negative pressure wave analysis method in this study.
4)LABVIEW virtual instrument is used in the experimental system. The system based on LABVIEW software platform can complete the signal receiving, processing and analysis, and on this basis, the system can determine through the analysis of the data whether the leakage happened and where the leakage point is.
The basic frame which including experimental operation, data acquisition, analysis,integration of the virtual instrument technology has been established, the preliminary work of ship pipeline leakage monitoring has been done, and this is the foundation of further research.
本文主要完成了以下研究:
1)在分析船舶典型管系的泄漏机理后,搭建了典型船舶的动力管路模拟系统。
2)选择适当的传感器,并在指定管道间安装了压力变送器和超声波流量计,利用数据采集卡对压力和流量信号进行了实时的采集。
3)由于外界或者电路内部的影响,所采集的原始数据包含了信号和噪声。有时信号的变化与噪声的幅度相当,使得信号变化趋势被淹没,后面的数据分析结果不能获得预期的效果。本研究结合了小波降噪、小波变换与负压波相关分析的方法实现了对船舶管道泄漏监测定位。
4)实验系统的软件部分利用了虚拟仪器LABVIEW。在LABVIEW软件平台上所编制的系统能够完成对信号的接收、处理和分析等过程,并且在此基础上,系统可以通过对数据的分析判断管路是否发生泄漏并能够定位出泄漏点。
本文构建了一个集实验操作、数字化采集、小波分析、虚拟仪器技术融合的基本框架,实现了船舶管道泄漏监测的初步工作,为以后进一步开展相关研究奠定了基础。
The marine science and technology developed rapidly. Shipbuilding industry has become an important application of high-tech. The model and the process of modern shipbuilding technology changed dramatically. Safety and environmental technology has become a new hot spot of shipping technology. Like the body's blood vessels, the piping system is an important part of the ship. It is the link between the main and auxiliary engine and relevant equipment. They are distributed in various parts of ship, most in the wet, heat, vibration and harsh environment. It is difficult to avoid leakage of piping. Pipeline leakage has become a major hazard of the navigation safety. It can impact the normal operation of the ship, and even can make equipment or structural failure. the failure maybe will result in sinking accident. So the ship pipeline leakage detection and location are with great practical significance.
The following studies have been completed:
1)The structure of a typical ship's power line simulation system has been constructed after analyzing the principle of typical piping system.
2)The suitable sensor has been selected. The pressure transmitter and the ultrasonic flow meter have been installed on the given pipe. Real-time pressure and flow signals have been acquired by data acquisition card.
3)Because of the influence of environment and circuit, the original data include signal and noise. Change of the signal is almost as much as the extent of noise, sometimes. It makes the tendency of signal submerged. Expected results can not be got by the following data analysis. Ship piping leakage monitoring and location are achieved by wavelet de-noising, wavelet transform and negative pressure wave analysis method in this study.
4)LABVIEW virtual instrument is used in the experimental system. The system based on LABVIEW software platform can complete the signal receiving, processing and analysis, and on this basis, the system can determine through the analysis of the data whether the leakage happened and where the leakage point is.
The basic frame which including experimental operation, data acquisition, analysis,integration of the virtual instrument technology has been established, the preliminary work of ship pipeline leakage monitoring has been done, and this is the foundation of further research.
引文
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[2]潘霞.管道泄漏检测实验系统设计与实现[硕士论文].武汉.武汉理工大学.2006.
[3]郑津洋.长输管道安全风险辨别评价控制[M].化学工业出版社.2004.
[4]蔡正敏,彭飞,易发新,吴智中,胡时岳.长输管道泄漏故障诊断方法的研究[J].应用力学学报.2002,6:38-43.
[5]梁伟,张来斌,王朝晖等.液体管道泄漏负压波诊断方法的研究现状及发展趋势[J].管道技术与设备.2009,4.
[6]唐恂,张琳等.长输管道泄漏检测技术发展现状[J].油气储运.2007,26.7:11-14.
[7]付道明,孙军,贺志刚等.国内外管道泄漏检测技术研究进展[J].石油机械.2004,32:45-50.
[8]冯健,张化光.管道监控技术现状与发展趋势[J].信息技术.2003,27.12:41-43.
[9]HOUGHJE.Leakaktestingofpipelinesusespressureandacousticvelocity.Oil&GasJournal[J].1998,21:35-41.
[10]王占山,张化光,冯健,伦淑娴.长距离流体输送管道泄漏检测与定位技术的现状与展望[J].化工自动化及仪表.2003,5:5-10.
[11]李文军,王学英.油气管道泄漏与检测定位技术的现状及展望[J].炼油技术与工程.2005,9:49-52.
[12]王俊武.输油管道泄漏检测系统研究与开发[J].自动化仪表.2003,1.
[13]杨雷.负压波-流量法管道泄漏监测技术在原油外输管道上的应用[J].石油规划设计.2004,15.2:24～26.
[14]苏维均,廉小亲,于重重等.负压波定位理论在输油管道泄漏监测系统中的应用[J].微计算机信息.2003.3.
[15]Zheng wei Zhang, Hao Ye, Rong Hu. Application of Enhanced Independent Component Analysis to Leak Detection in Transport Pipelines[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2004, 8.
[16]崔谦.油气管道泄漏检测方法的研究及应用[硕士论文].天津.天津大学.2005.
[17]沈国伟.基于压力传感器的负压波法泄漏检测[J].传感器世界.2005.I1:17-19.
[18]周诗岽,吴明,王俊.基于小波分析的管道泄漏负压波信号滤波研究[J].石油机械,2004.
[19]Dalius Misiunas. Pipeline Break Detection Using Pressure Transient Monitoring[J]. Resources Planning and Management,2005(7):326-335.
[20]张连文.管道泄漏检测技术及评价[J].油气田地面工程.2003,29(4):1-3.
[21]化工产品密度、相对密度测定通则.中华人民共和国国家标准.
[22]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.1995.
[23]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].科学出版社.1999.
[24]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].科学出版社.1999.
[25]王海生,叶昊,王桂增.基于小波分析的输油管道泄漏检测[J].信息与控制.2002,10:6-60.
[26]陈金金.基于负压波的管道泄漏检测实验研究[学士论文].武汉.武汉理工大学.2008.
[27]W. Souidene,A. Beghdadi.Image Denoising in the Transformed Domain Using Non Local Neighbourhoods[J].ICASSP.2006:869-871.
[28]David L. Donoho. De-Noising by Soft-Thresholding[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory.1995,42 (3) :613～627.
[29]欧阳春娟,杨群生,欧阳迎春.基于小波变换的自适应模糊阈值去噪算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2006.05.
[30]程正军,张运陶.基于MATLAB的小波包分析在信号降噪中的应用[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版).2004.3.
[31]潘显兵.一种改进的小波阈值降噪方法性能分析[J].微计算机信息.2006.
[32]David L. Donoho. De-Noising by Soft-Thresholding[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory.1995,42 (3) :613～627.
[33]Zhongbo Peng,Xinxie. Application Research of the Wavelet Analysis in Ship Pipeline Leakage Detecting[J].ICSEE Life System Modeling and Intelligent Computing.2010,9:47-55.
[34]A. Buades, B. Coll, J. M. Morel.On Image Denoising Methods[J].Technical Report 2004-15.CMLA. 2004.
[35]流量计性能比较及简要说明[DB/OL]http://www.fmdwq.com/fmdwq_Article_8319.html.
[36]宋文绪,杨帆.传感器与检测技术.高等教育出版社.2004.
[37]大连海峰仪器发展有限公司.TDS—100P型固定分体式超声波流量计说明书.
[38]马建明.数据采集与处理技术[M].西安交通大学出版社.2005 9.
[39]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].北京科学出版社.2002.
[40]孙延奎.小波分析及其应用[M].北京机械工业出版社.2005.
[41]邓焱,王磊等.LABVIEW 7.1测试技术与仪器应用[M].机械工业出版社.2004.
[42]王颖.船舶柴油机远程故障诊断研究[J].船舶工程.2002(4).
[43]周诗岽,吴明,王俊.基于小波分析的管道泄漏负压波信号滤波研究[J].石油机械.2004,32(5).
[44]Montiel H. Mathematical modelling of accidental gas releases[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.1998,59(2-3):200-232.
[45]阎钟山,米莹,高建华.天然气长输管道泄漏的抢修与维护[J].天然气与石油.2002,20(2):10-16.
[46]张连文.管道泄漏检测技术及评价[J].油气地面工程.2003,(4):1-2.
[47]丁浩,张星臣.长距离输油管道泄漏检测技术研究[J].北京交通大学学报.2004:78-85.
[48]林金表.船舶机舱的综合型专家系统[J].中国造船.1996,6.
[2]潘霞.管道泄漏检测实验系统设计与实现[硕士论文].武汉.武汉理工大学.2006.
[3]郑津洋.长输管道安全风险辨别评价控制[M].化学工业出版社.2004.
[4]蔡正敏,彭飞,易发新,吴智中,胡时岳.长输管道泄漏故障诊断方法的研究[J].应用力学学报.2002,6:38-43.
[5]梁伟,张来斌,王朝晖等.液体管道泄漏负压波诊断方法的研究现状及发展趋势[J].管道技术与设备.2009,4.
[6]唐恂,张琳等.长输管道泄漏检测技术发展现状[J].油气储运.2007,26.7:11-14.
[7]付道明,孙军,贺志刚等.国内外管道泄漏检测技术研究进展[J].石油机械.2004,32:45-50.
[8]冯健,张化光.管道监控技术现状与发展趋势[J].信息技术.2003,27.12:41-43.
[9]HOUGHJE.Leakaktestingofpipelinesusespressureandacousticvelocity.Oil&GasJournal[J].1998,21:35-41.
[10]王占山,张化光,冯健,伦淑娴.长距离流体输送管道泄漏检测与定位技术的现状与展望[J].化工自动化及仪表.2003,5:5-10.
[11]李文军,王学英.油气管道泄漏与检测定位技术的现状及展望[J].炼油技术与工程.2005,9:49-52.
[12]王俊武.输油管道泄漏检测系统研究与开发[J].自动化仪表.2003,1.
[13]杨雷.负压波-流量法管道泄漏监测技术在原油外输管道上的应用[J].石油规划设计.2004,15.2:24～26.
[14]苏维均,廉小亲,于重重等.负压波定位理论在输油管道泄漏监测系统中的应用[J].微计算机信息.2003.3.
[15]Zheng wei Zhang, Hao Ye, Rong Hu. Application of Enhanced Independent Component Analysis to Leak Detection in Transport Pipelines[J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2004, 8.
[16]崔谦.油气管道泄漏检测方法的研究及应用[硕士论文].天津.天津大学.2005.
[17]沈国伟.基于压力传感器的负压波法泄漏检测[J].传感器世界.2005.I1:17-19.
[18]周诗岽,吴明,王俊.基于小波分析的管道泄漏负压波信号滤波研究[J].石油机械,2004.
[19]Dalius Misiunas. Pipeline Break Detection Using Pressure Transient Monitoring[J]. Resources Planning and Management,2005(7):326-335.
[20]张连文.管道泄漏检测技术及评价[J].油气田地面工程.2003,29(4):1-3.
[21]化工产品密度、相对密度测定通则.中华人民共和国国家标准.
[22]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.1995.
[23]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].科学出版社.1999.
[24]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].科学出版社.1999.
[25]王海生,叶昊,王桂增.基于小波分析的输油管道泄漏检测[J].信息与控制.2002,10:6-60.
[26]陈金金.基于负压波的管道泄漏检测实验研究[学士论文].武汉.武汉理工大学.2008.
[27]W. Souidene,A. Beghdadi.Image Denoising in the Transformed Domain Using Non Local Neighbourhoods[J].ICASSP.2006:869-871.
[28]David L. Donoho. De-Noising by Soft-Thresholding[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory.1995,42 (3) :613～627.
[29]欧阳春娟,杨群生,欧阳迎春.基于小波变换的自适应模糊阈值去噪算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2006.05.
[30]程正军,张运陶.基于MATLAB的小波包分析在信号降噪中的应用[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版).2004.3.
[31]潘显兵.一种改进的小波阈值降噪方法性能分析[J].微计算机信息.2006.
[32]David L. Donoho. De-Noising by Soft-Thresholding[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory.1995,42 (3) :613～627.
[33]Zhongbo Peng,Xinxie. Application Research of the Wavelet Analysis in Ship Pipeline Leakage Detecting[J].ICSEE Life System Modeling and Intelligent Computing.2010,9:47-55.
[34]A. Buades, B. Coll, J. M. Morel.On Image Denoising Methods[J].Technical Report 2004-15.CMLA. 2004.
[35]流量计性能比较及简要说明[DB/OL]http://www.fmdwq.com/fmdwq_Article_8319.html.
[36]宋文绪,杨帆.传感器与检测技术.高等教育出版社.2004.
[37]大连海峰仪器发展有限公司.TDS—100P型固定分体式超声波流量计说明书.
[38]马建明.数据采集与处理技术[M].西安交通大学出版社.2005 9.
[39]彭玉华.小波变换与工程应用[M].北京科学出版社.2002.
[40]孙延奎.小波分析及其应用[M].北京机械工业出版社.2005.
[41]邓焱,王磊等.LABVIEW 7.1测试技术与仪器应用[M].机械工业出版社.2004.
[42]王颖.船舶柴油机远程故障诊断研究[J].船舶工程.2002(4).
[43]周诗岽,吴明,王俊.基于小波分析的管道泄漏负压波信号滤波研究[J].石油机械.2004,32(5).
[44]Montiel H. Mathematical modelling of accidental gas releases[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.1998,59(2-3):200-232.
[45]阎钟山,米莹,高建华.天然气长输管道泄漏的抢修与维护[J].天然气与石油.2002,20(2):10-16.
[46]张连文.管道泄漏检测技术及评价[J].油气地面工程.2003,(4):1-2.
[47]丁浩,张星臣.长距离输油管道泄漏检测技术研究[J].北京交通大学学报.2004:78-85.
[48]林金表.船舶机舱的综合型专家系统[J].中国造船.1996,6.