混凝土高温静动力学特性研究
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摘要
混凝土是一种在民用工程、工业工程以及军事工程中得到广泛应用的承重结构材料,其工作过程中要承担静态载荷、冲击动态载荷及高温等异常环境作用,为了更好地设计和分析这些混凝土结构,必须对混凝土材料在各异常条件下的相关力学特性进行充分研究。迄今为止,由于混凝土高温力学试验技术及数值模拟技术尚不完善,使得人们对混凝土材料在高温作用下的力学性能认识受到制约。围绕这一课题,本文对混凝土高温静动态力学特性做了以下几个方面的研究:
①混凝土高温静动力学特性试验技术研究。采用电液伺服万能试验机系统与微波加热技术设计出混凝土高温试验系统,对其测温设备、保温技术及试件温度分布等进行系统分析,并通过验证性试验结果分析其有效性。针对分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置进行混凝土高温动态试验技术研究,理论分析混凝土试件与波导杆的阻抗匹配、试件应力均匀性等,对试验温度变化过程进行测试与分析,最终建立混凝土高温SHPB试验技术。
②混凝土高温静态力学特性试验研究。完成了常温20℃至600℃的混凝抗压强度试验,分析抗压强度、峰值应变、弹性模量随温度变化规律,并拟合出经验公式,建立了混凝土高温破坏准则。通过对试验应力-应变曲线与文献经验公式的对比分析,论证了高温静态试验技术的可靠性,为今后试验技术提供参考。
③混凝土高温动态力学特性试验研究。通过混凝土常温SHPB试验分析了混凝土动态抗压强度的应变率效应,以动态应力-应变曲线分析了高应变率下混凝土损伤演化规律。完成系列混凝土高温SHPB试验,得到不同温度混凝土动态破坏形式,分析抗压强度、应变率与温度、加载速率的相关性,提出了混凝土应变率强化效应与高温弱化效应相互耦合演化规律。系列混凝土高温动态应力应变曲线表明应变率不变情况下混凝土随温度升高其抗压强度降低,而峰值应变越来越大,其韧性有所增加。
④混凝土高温静动态本构模型研究。综合分析了影响混凝土应力应变曲线的因素,提出了一种包含应变率强化效应与温度弱化效应在内的混凝土统一损伤本构模型。基于损伤断裂概率密度的Weibull理论建立了常温混凝土静态损伤本构模型,添加静态温度弱化因子得到混凝土高温静态损伤本构模型,添加应变率强化因子得到常温混凝土动态损伤本构模型,最后,添加应变率强化因子与温度弱化效应因子得到混凝土高温动态损伤本构模型,并将理论公式与试验数据、已有文献公式及数据进行对比分析,验证模型的有效性。
⑤采用有限元方法进行混凝土高温静动试验数值模拟,建立混凝土高温条件下的静、动力学试验数值模拟方法,尤其建立了混凝土高温HJC模型参数。结合试验测试温度,获得了整个试验过程中试样温度变化规律,通过数值模拟分析了混凝土高温静动力学特性,再现了混凝土高温试件的破坏现象。数值模拟结果与试验结果较吻合。
Concrete has become a widely used load-bearing construction material for civil engineering, industrial engineering and military projects. And concrete generally works under environmental activities such as static load, dynamic impact load and high temperature, etc. In order to design and analyze concrete structures better, the mechanical properties of concrete under abnormal conditions must be fully studied. Fully studying the mechanical properties of concrete under abnormal conditions is of critical importance in designing and analyzing concrete structures. But the experimental techniques and numerical simulation techniques about concrete with elevated temperature are not perfect, so the research and application of concrete are restricted. But the imperfect high-temperature experimental techniques and numerical simulation techniques lead to restrictions in understanding high-temperature mechanical behaviors of concrete. Around these goals, the following research on static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete at elevated temperature has been conducted.
①The experimental techniques for studying static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete have been studied. First, A whole set of elevated temperature technique is put forward by the material testing machine and microwave heating technology. The temperature measuring equipment, insulation technology and temperature distribution of specimens are systematically analyzed and the validity is proved by the results of confirmatory tests. Last, the experimental techniques for studying dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete with high temperature are studied by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). After analyzing the impedance matching between concrete specimen and wave guide bar, the uniformity of specimen stress and the temperature changing process, the elevated temperature SHPB technique is established.
②The static mechanical behaviors of concrete with high temperature have been studied. A series of compression tests with temperature changing from 20℃to 600℃have been completed. The laws about the compressive strength, the peak strain and the elastic modulus changing with temperature are analyzed, and the empirical formulas are also proposed. At the same time, the failure criterion of concrete with high temperature is developed. The stress-strain curves were analyzed by comparing with the empirical formula. Through comparative analysis of the stress-strain curve achieved from the experiment and the empirical formulas in the literature, the reliability of high- temperature static experimental techniques is demonstrated, which provides reference for future research.
③The dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete with high temperature have been studied. Through the result of SHPB tests with normal temperature, the effect of strain-rate is analyzed and the damage evolution rules of concrete under high strain rate are studied through the dynamic stress-strain curve. The dynamic destructional forms of concrete under different temperatures are observed during the high-temperature SHPB tests. The correlations among the compressive strength, the strain rate, the temperature and the loading rate are studied. The strengthening effect of strain-rate and the weakening effect of high temperature on concrete were putted forward. The coupling law of the strain-rate strengthening effect and high-temperature weakening effect on concrete is presented. The results show that the compressive strength reduces as the temperature increases under a constant strain rate, and the peak strain was more and more bigger. while the peak strain as well as the toughness accretes.
④The static and dynamic constitutive model of concrete with high temperature has been studied. After comprehensive analysis of factors which influence the stress-strain curve, a unified damage constitutive model of concrete containing the strengthening effect of strain-rate and the weakening effect of high temperature is put forward. First, based on the Weibull’s damage fracture probability density theory, a new static damage constitutive model of normal temperature concrete is established. Then the static constitutive model becomes a high-temperature damage model or a dynamic damage constitutive model after adding the effectors about the weakening effect of high temperature and the strengthening effect of strain-rate. Then after adding the high-temperature weakening factor and the strain-rate strengthening factor, respectively, the static constitutive model becomes a high-temperature static damage model and a normal-temperature dynamic damage model. Ultimately, a high-temperature dynamic damage constitutive model of concrete is obtained by adding both strengthening factor and weakening factor. And the effectiveness of the model is verified by comparing the theoretical formula with test data.
⑤The numerical simulation method for concrete with high temperature has been established by the finite element software. The accurate parameters of HJC model, especially parameters affected by high temperature, are gotten. The temperature changing rules of concrete specimens during the entire test process are acquired by combination of the temperature measured in the experiment, and the static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete at elevated temperature are also analyzed by numerical simulation, and the destructive phenomena of high-temperature concrete are represented. The result shows that the numerical simulation dovetails nicely with experimental phenomena.
①混凝土高温静动力学特性试验技术研究。采用电液伺服万能试验机系统与微波加热技术设计出混凝土高温试验系统,对其测温设备、保温技术及试件温度分布等进行系统分析,并通过验证性试验结果分析其有效性。针对分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置进行混凝土高温动态试验技术研究,理论分析混凝土试件与波导杆的阻抗匹配、试件应力均匀性等,对试验温度变化过程进行测试与分析,最终建立混凝土高温SHPB试验技术。
②混凝土高温静态力学特性试验研究。完成了常温20℃至600℃的混凝抗压强度试验,分析抗压强度、峰值应变、弹性模量随温度变化规律,并拟合出经验公式,建立了混凝土高温破坏准则。通过对试验应力-应变曲线与文献经验公式的对比分析,论证了高温静态试验技术的可靠性,为今后试验技术提供参考。
③混凝土高温动态力学特性试验研究。通过混凝土常温SHPB试验分析了混凝土动态抗压强度的应变率效应,以动态应力-应变曲线分析了高应变率下混凝土损伤演化规律。完成系列混凝土高温SHPB试验,得到不同温度混凝土动态破坏形式,分析抗压强度、应变率与温度、加载速率的相关性,提出了混凝土应变率强化效应与高温弱化效应相互耦合演化规律。系列混凝土高温动态应力应变曲线表明应变率不变情况下混凝土随温度升高其抗压强度降低,而峰值应变越来越大,其韧性有所增加。
④混凝土高温静动态本构模型研究。综合分析了影响混凝土应力应变曲线的因素,提出了一种包含应变率强化效应与温度弱化效应在内的混凝土统一损伤本构模型。基于损伤断裂概率密度的Weibull理论建立了常温混凝土静态损伤本构模型,添加静态温度弱化因子得到混凝土高温静态损伤本构模型,添加应变率强化因子得到常温混凝土动态损伤本构模型,最后,添加应变率强化因子与温度弱化效应因子得到混凝土高温动态损伤本构模型,并将理论公式与试验数据、已有文献公式及数据进行对比分析,验证模型的有效性。
⑤采用有限元方法进行混凝土高温静动试验数值模拟,建立混凝土高温条件下的静、动力学试验数值模拟方法,尤其建立了混凝土高温HJC模型参数。结合试验测试温度,获得了整个试验过程中试样温度变化规律,通过数值模拟分析了混凝土高温静动力学特性,再现了混凝土高温试件的破坏现象。数值模拟结果与试验结果较吻合。
Concrete has become a widely used load-bearing construction material for civil engineering, industrial engineering and military projects. And concrete generally works under environmental activities such as static load, dynamic impact load and high temperature, etc. In order to design and analyze concrete structures better, the mechanical properties of concrete under abnormal conditions must be fully studied. Fully studying the mechanical properties of concrete under abnormal conditions is of critical importance in designing and analyzing concrete structures. But the experimental techniques and numerical simulation techniques about concrete with elevated temperature are not perfect, so the research and application of concrete are restricted. But the imperfect high-temperature experimental techniques and numerical simulation techniques lead to restrictions in understanding high-temperature mechanical behaviors of concrete. Around these goals, the following research on static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete at elevated temperature has been conducted.
①The experimental techniques for studying static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete have been studied. First, A whole set of elevated temperature technique is put forward by the material testing machine and microwave heating technology. The temperature measuring equipment, insulation technology and temperature distribution of specimens are systematically analyzed and the validity is proved by the results of confirmatory tests. Last, the experimental techniques for studying dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete with high temperature are studied by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). After analyzing the impedance matching between concrete specimen and wave guide bar, the uniformity of specimen stress and the temperature changing process, the elevated temperature SHPB technique is established.
②The static mechanical behaviors of concrete with high temperature have been studied. A series of compression tests with temperature changing from 20℃to 600℃have been completed. The laws about the compressive strength, the peak strain and the elastic modulus changing with temperature are analyzed, and the empirical formulas are also proposed. At the same time, the failure criterion of concrete with high temperature is developed. The stress-strain curves were analyzed by comparing with the empirical formula. Through comparative analysis of the stress-strain curve achieved from the experiment and the empirical formulas in the literature, the reliability of high- temperature static experimental techniques is demonstrated, which provides reference for future research.
③The dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete with high temperature have been studied. Through the result of SHPB tests with normal temperature, the effect of strain-rate is analyzed and the damage evolution rules of concrete under high strain rate are studied through the dynamic stress-strain curve. The dynamic destructional forms of concrete under different temperatures are observed during the high-temperature SHPB tests. The correlations among the compressive strength, the strain rate, the temperature and the loading rate are studied. The strengthening effect of strain-rate and the weakening effect of high temperature on concrete were putted forward. The coupling law of the strain-rate strengthening effect and high-temperature weakening effect on concrete is presented. The results show that the compressive strength reduces as the temperature increases under a constant strain rate, and the peak strain was more and more bigger. while the peak strain as well as the toughness accretes.
④The static and dynamic constitutive model of concrete with high temperature has been studied. After comprehensive analysis of factors which influence the stress-strain curve, a unified damage constitutive model of concrete containing the strengthening effect of strain-rate and the weakening effect of high temperature is put forward. First, based on the Weibull’s damage fracture probability density theory, a new static damage constitutive model of normal temperature concrete is established. Then the static constitutive model becomes a high-temperature damage model or a dynamic damage constitutive model after adding the effectors about the weakening effect of high temperature and the strengthening effect of strain-rate. Then after adding the high-temperature weakening factor and the strain-rate strengthening factor, respectively, the static constitutive model becomes a high-temperature static damage model and a normal-temperature dynamic damage model. Ultimately, a high-temperature dynamic damage constitutive model of concrete is obtained by adding both strengthening factor and weakening factor. And the effectiveness of the model is verified by comparing the theoretical formula with test data.
⑤The numerical simulation method for concrete with high temperature has been established by the finite element software. The accurate parameters of HJC model, especially parameters affected by high temperature, are gotten. The temperature changing rules of concrete specimens during the entire test process are acquired by combination of the temperature measured in the experiment, and the static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of concrete at elevated temperature are also analyzed by numerical simulation, and the destructive phenomena of high-temperature concrete are represented. The result shows that the numerical simulation dovetails nicely with experimental phenomena.
引文
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