针刺对实验性高血脂合并脑缺血大鼠炎症反应及神经保护机制的影响
|
摘要
研究目的
脑血管病是临床常见病,其发病率高、预后较差,已成为中老年人第一位致残原因和前三位致死原因,严重威胁着人类健康。其发病率高、预后较差,给人们的生活和国家经济带来极大负面影响。近年来,对其发病机制的研究成为现代医学研究的热点之一。大量研究资料表明,高脂血症是脑卒中、心脏猝死、心肌梗死和冠心病重要而独立的危险因素,所以医学界非常重视对高脂血症的研究,有效地调节血脂水平就可预防脑血管疾病的发生。因此寻找适当有效的早期防治措施是针灸临床与实验研究的重要课题之一。
研究方法
本实验以高脂饲料喂养大鼠,造成大鼠高脂血症,再对大鼠施以大脑中动脉FeCl3刺激血栓性闭塞法,造成高血脂合并局灶性脑缺血模型,观察大鼠血脂四项、脑缺血炎症反应相关指标的表达以及电针丰隆、三阴交,针刺百会、人中穴对各项指标的影响。(1)应用生化法观察高血脂大鼠脑缺血后血脂四项变化及针刺的影响;(2)应用神经行为学指标观察脑缺血后神经症状的改变情况;应用HE染色法观察缺血侧脑组织神经元缺血坏死情况及针刺的作用;(3)采用ELISA法观察针刺前后大鼠大脑匀浆TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量的变化;(4)采用免疫组化方法观察针刺前后大鼠缺血区ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达的变化;(5)采用ELISA法观察针刺前后大鼠大脑匀浆NGF、BDNF、bFGF含量的变化;(6)采用ELISA法观察针刺前后大鼠大脑匀浆NSE含量的变化。
结果
1.经典高脂配方饲料喂养高血脂模型大鼠CHO、LDL-C、TG有显著升高,说明本实验高血脂造模成功。HE染色结果可见,脑缺血损伤大鼠海马区大量神经元变性坏死,排列紊乱,各组有不同程度的神经元脱失现象等病理改变。这种变化以高血脂合并脑缺血模型组最为严重。大鼠神经行为症状评分结合HE染色,说明本实验局灶性脑缺血实验模型成功。针刺能减轻神经元的变性脱失现象。
2.针刺可降低CHO、LDL-C,升高HDL-C的含量,针刺可以有效地调节高脂血症血脂水平。
3.电针可降低高血脂合并脑缺血的CHO、LDL-C、TG含量,提高HDL-C含量。高血脂合并脑缺血治疗Ⅰ组的疗效更为显著,说明预防性针刺治疗高血脂更能显著降低血液中的CHO、LDL-C含量,提高HDL-C的含量,改善血液循环,有利于中风患者的康复。
4.缺血损伤发生后,模型大鼠大脑匀浆中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平显著升高。电针一方面可降低脑缺血大鼠大脑匀浆中TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平,另一方面提高IL-6表达水平,抑制炎症反应从而起到脑保护作用。治疗Ⅰ组的效果显著优于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
5.缺血损伤发生后,模型大鼠大脑织缺血区的ICAM-1、VCAM-1阳性表达总面积及积分光密度显著升高。电针有效得降低脑缺血大鼠脑组织缺血区的ICAM-1、VCAM-1阳性表达总面积及积分光密度水平,从而抑制炎症的发生与发展,减轻脑缺血损伤。尤其治疗Ⅰ组的效果显著优于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
6.高血脂模型大鼠和高血脂合并脑缺血模型大鼠大脑匀浆BDNF、NGF、BFGF含量比正常对照组显著下降,不利于对神经元修复作用。脑缺血后大鼠大脑匀浆中BDNF、NGF、BFGF含量显著升高,对损伤神经元具有保护作用。针刺可以显著提高BDNF、NGF、BFGF表达,对损伤神经元具有修复作用。治疗Ⅰ组的效果显著优于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
7.脑缺血后大鼠大脑匀浆中NSE含量显著升高。电针可降低脑缺血大鼠大脑匀浆中NSE含量,对神经元具有保护作用。治疗Ⅰ组的NSE含量显著低于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
结论
针刺治疗高血脂可以降低血脂水平,提高高密度脂蛋白的含量,改善血液循环;并通过提高BDNF、NGF、BFGF及IL-6的表达,降低NSE、TNF-α、IL-1β及ICAM-1、VCAM-1的过度表达,从而预防和减轻脑缺血状态神经元损伤,促进神经元再生,抑制炎症反应,对脑缺血损伤起到保护作用。
Objective: Cerebrovascular disease with high disability rate, lethality and death rate endanger human health and life seriously. Cerebral ischemic apoplexy accounts for over half clinical classifying at the cerebrovascular disease show a tendency to increase progressively. Many research materials show, hyperlipidemia is a kind of dangerous factor to induce cerebral apoplexy, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, et al. So it’s drawn great attention to the research in medical area. To effectively regulate the level of blood-lipid can prevent the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, it is one of the most important subject of clinical and experimental research to find the effective preventing and treating methods for cerebrovascular disease.
Methods: Use high fat standard forage fed hyperlipemia with FeCl3 method induced one-side middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats to make focal cerebral ischemic experimental model. Observe the change of the blood-lipid and the inflammatory factor and the acupuncture effect. (1) Use biochemistry method to compare the change of the blood lipid and the acupuncture effects. (2)Use neurobehavioral index to compare the symptoms of pretreatment and post-treatment. Use morphologic method to observe the neuronal apoptosis of the ischemic side and the acupuncture effects. (3) Use ELISA method to assay the change of the TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6. (4)Use immunohistochemical method to observe the expression of ICAM-1、VCAM-1 in the ischemic area and the influence of the acupuncture.(5) Use ELISA method to assay the change of the NGF、BDNF、bFGF pretreatment and post-treatment. (6) Use ELISA method to assay the content of the NSE in whole brain homogenate.
Results:
1. High fat standard forage fed hyperlipemia model rats is very ideal in laboratory research. The four blood-lipid indexs can be used as the examming method to analysis hyperlipemia. Acupuncture therapy can regulate the level of blood-lipid. HE dyeing result shows that lots of neurons become denaturation, thanatosis and disorder in range. All groups have neurons loss in different level and most serious in high blood-lipid with ischemic model group. Acupuncture method can lighten the denaturation and thanatosis in neurons.
2. The four blood-lipid indexs can be used as the examming method to analysis hyperlipemia. Acupuncture therapy can regulate the level of blood-lipid. It can decrease CHO、LDL-C,and increase HDL-C.
3. Prophylactic acupuncture method can decrease CHO、LDL-C,and increase HDL-C even more effectively than as a treatment method.
4. The expression of the TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 increases in the brain homogenate of the model rat after ischemia, and acupuncture groups reduced TNF-α、IL-1βand increasd IL-6 in different levels compared with the ischemic model group. Prophylactic acupuncture is better than treatment acupuncture.
5. After ischemia the ICAM-1、VCAM-1 expression proportion and optical density in the ischemic area of the model rats increased significantly. The electroacupuncture can decrease the ICAM-1、VCAM-1 expression proportion and optical density in the ischemic area of the model rats effectively. Prophylactic acupuncture is better than treatment acupuncture.
6. The content of the BDNF、NGF、BFGF decreased in the brain homogenate of the model rat after ischemia after ischemia, and acupuncture groups increased them in different levels compared with the ischemic model group.
7. The content of the NSE increases in the brain homogenate of the model rat after ischemia, and acupuncture groups reduced in different levels Compared with the ischemic model group.
Conclusion:
Acupuncture therapy can regulate the level of blood-lipid. Acupuncture method can not only increase the BDNF, NGF, BFGF and IL-6 but also reduce the NSE, TNF-α, IL-1βand the excessive expression of the ICAM-1 and the VCAM. By all the way above, acupuncture can reduce the damages of the ischemia and protect the neuron of the brain.Treating the hyperlipemia can prevent or lighten the damage of cerebral ischemia in some degree.
脑血管病是临床常见病,其发病率高、预后较差,已成为中老年人第一位致残原因和前三位致死原因,严重威胁着人类健康。其发病率高、预后较差,给人们的生活和国家经济带来极大负面影响。近年来,对其发病机制的研究成为现代医学研究的热点之一。大量研究资料表明,高脂血症是脑卒中、心脏猝死、心肌梗死和冠心病重要而独立的危险因素,所以医学界非常重视对高脂血症的研究,有效地调节血脂水平就可预防脑血管疾病的发生。因此寻找适当有效的早期防治措施是针灸临床与实验研究的重要课题之一。
研究方法
本实验以高脂饲料喂养大鼠,造成大鼠高脂血症,再对大鼠施以大脑中动脉FeCl3刺激血栓性闭塞法,造成高血脂合并局灶性脑缺血模型,观察大鼠血脂四项、脑缺血炎症反应相关指标的表达以及电针丰隆、三阴交,针刺百会、人中穴对各项指标的影响。(1)应用生化法观察高血脂大鼠脑缺血后血脂四项变化及针刺的影响;(2)应用神经行为学指标观察脑缺血后神经症状的改变情况;应用HE染色法观察缺血侧脑组织神经元缺血坏死情况及针刺的作用;(3)采用ELISA法观察针刺前后大鼠大脑匀浆TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量的变化;(4)采用免疫组化方法观察针刺前后大鼠缺血区ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达的变化;(5)采用ELISA法观察针刺前后大鼠大脑匀浆NGF、BDNF、bFGF含量的变化;(6)采用ELISA法观察针刺前后大鼠大脑匀浆NSE含量的变化。
结果
1.经典高脂配方饲料喂养高血脂模型大鼠CHO、LDL-C、TG有显著升高,说明本实验高血脂造模成功。HE染色结果可见,脑缺血损伤大鼠海马区大量神经元变性坏死,排列紊乱,各组有不同程度的神经元脱失现象等病理改变。这种变化以高血脂合并脑缺血模型组最为严重。大鼠神经行为症状评分结合HE染色,说明本实验局灶性脑缺血实验模型成功。针刺能减轻神经元的变性脱失现象。
2.针刺可降低CHO、LDL-C,升高HDL-C的含量,针刺可以有效地调节高脂血症血脂水平。
3.电针可降低高血脂合并脑缺血的CHO、LDL-C、TG含量,提高HDL-C含量。高血脂合并脑缺血治疗Ⅰ组的疗效更为显著,说明预防性针刺治疗高血脂更能显著降低血液中的CHO、LDL-C含量,提高HDL-C的含量,改善血液循环,有利于中风患者的康复。
4.缺血损伤发生后,模型大鼠大脑匀浆中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6表达水平显著升高。电针一方面可降低脑缺血大鼠大脑匀浆中TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平,另一方面提高IL-6表达水平,抑制炎症反应从而起到脑保护作用。治疗Ⅰ组的效果显著优于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
5.缺血损伤发生后,模型大鼠大脑织缺血区的ICAM-1、VCAM-1阳性表达总面积及积分光密度显著升高。电针有效得降低脑缺血大鼠脑组织缺血区的ICAM-1、VCAM-1阳性表达总面积及积分光密度水平,从而抑制炎症的发生与发展,减轻脑缺血损伤。尤其治疗Ⅰ组的效果显著优于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
6.高血脂模型大鼠和高血脂合并脑缺血模型大鼠大脑匀浆BDNF、NGF、BFGF含量比正常对照组显著下降,不利于对神经元修复作用。脑缺血后大鼠大脑匀浆中BDNF、NGF、BFGF含量显著升高,对损伤神经元具有保护作用。针刺可以显著提高BDNF、NGF、BFGF表达,对损伤神经元具有修复作用。治疗Ⅰ组的效果显著优于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
7.脑缺血后大鼠大脑匀浆中NSE含量显著升高。电针可降低脑缺血大鼠大脑匀浆中NSE含量,对神经元具有保护作用。治疗Ⅰ组的NSE含量显著低于治疗Ⅱ组,表明提前对高脂血症干预治疗可有效地预防和减轻脑缺血损伤程度。
结论
针刺治疗高血脂可以降低血脂水平,提高高密度脂蛋白的含量,改善血液循环;并通过提高BDNF、NGF、BFGF及IL-6的表达,降低NSE、TNF-α、IL-1β及ICAM-1、VCAM-1的过度表达,从而预防和减轻脑缺血状态神经元损伤,促进神经元再生,抑制炎症反应,对脑缺血损伤起到保护作用。
Objective: Cerebrovascular disease with high disability rate, lethality and death rate endanger human health and life seriously. Cerebral ischemic apoplexy accounts for over half clinical classifying at the cerebrovascular disease show a tendency to increase progressively. Many research materials show, hyperlipidemia is a kind of dangerous factor to induce cerebral apoplexy, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, et al. So it’s drawn great attention to the research in medical area. To effectively regulate the level of blood-lipid can prevent the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, it is one of the most important subject of clinical and experimental research to find the effective preventing and treating methods for cerebrovascular disease.
Methods: Use high fat standard forage fed hyperlipemia with FeCl3 method induced one-side middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats to make focal cerebral ischemic experimental model. Observe the change of the blood-lipid and the inflammatory factor and the acupuncture effect. (1) Use biochemistry method to compare the change of the blood lipid and the acupuncture effects. (2)Use neurobehavioral index to compare the symptoms of pretreatment and post-treatment. Use morphologic method to observe the neuronal apoptosis of the ischemic side and the acupuncture effects. (3) Use ELISA method to assay the change of the TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6. (4)Use immunohistochemical method to observe the expression of ICAM-1、VCAM-1 in the ischemic area and the influence of the acupuncture.(5) Use ELISA method to assay the change of the NGF、BDNF、bFGF pretreatment and post-treatment. (6) Use ELISA method to assay the content of the NSE in whole brain homogenate.
Results:
1. High fat standard forage fed hyperlipemia model rats is very ideal in laboratory research. The four blood-lipid indexs can be used as the examming method to analysis hyperlipemia. Acupuncture therapy can regulate the level of blood-lipid. HE dyeing result shows that lots of neurons become denaturation, thanatosis and disorder in range. All groups have neurons loss in different level and most serious in high blood-lipid with ischemic model group. Acupuncture method can lighten the denaturation and thanatosis in neurons.
2. The four blood-lipid indexs can be used as the examming method to analysis hyperlipemia. Acupuncture therapy can regulate the level of blood-lipid. It can decrease CHO、LDL-C,and increase HDL-C.
3. Prophylactic acupuncture method can decrease CHO、LDL-C,and increase HDL-C even more effectively than as a treatment method.
4. The expression of the TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 increases in the brain homogenate of the model rat after ischemia, and acupuncture groups reduced TNF-α、IL-1βand increasd IL-6 in different levels compared with the ischemic model group. Prophylactic acupuncture is better than treatment acupuncture.
5. After ischemia the ICAM-1、VCAM-1 expression proportion and optical density in the ischemic area of the model rats increased significantly. The electroacupuncture can decrease the ICAM-1、VCAM-1 expression proportion and optical density in the ischemic area of the model rats effectively. Prophylactic acupuncture is better than treatment acupuncture.
6. The content of the BDNF、NGF、BFGF decreased in the brain homogenate of the model rat after ischemia after ischemia, and acupuncture groups increased them in different levels compared with the ischemic model group.
7. The content of the NSE increases in the brain homogenate of the model rat after ischemia, and acupuncture groups reduced in different levels Compared with the ischemic model group.
Conclusion:
Acupuncture therapy can regulate the level of blood-lipid. Acupuncture method can not only increase the BDNF, NGF, BFGF and IL-6 but also reduce the NSE, TNF-α, IL-1βand the excessive expression of the ICAM-1 and the VCAM. By all the way above, acupuncture can reduce the damages of the ischemia and protect the neuron of the brain.Treating the hyperlipemia can prevent or lighten the damage of cerebral ischemia in some degree.
引文
1. 雷燕,陈可冀,等.实用血瘀证学.第一版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1999:503
2. 孟昭阳. 调脂饮流浸膏治疗高脂血症的临床研究. 江西中医药,2003, 34 (249):20-23
3. 赵昊龙,等.颜德馨辨治高血脂症经验.辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(1):6-7
4. 张暋，曾昭龙，李小敏，等.高脂血症患者之友.北京:人民军医出版社,1996,4
5. 梁雪.水蛭注射液治疗高脂血症的观察.广西中医药,1998,21(3):13～14
6. 李鲤.寓消于补在治疗高脂血症中的应用.河南中医,1996,16(5):265～266
7. 郑雪君.中药降脂机理及祛脂途径初探.江西中医药,1996,3:60～61
8. 柴瑞霭.高脂血症的病因病机与治法初探.山西中医,1997,13(2):48～49
9. 熊文生,李任先,刘国普,等.辨治高脂血症重在理脾化痰.新中医,1996,28(11):4～5
10. 郑贵力,王煦,王绵之教授治疗高脂血症学术思想及经验,北京中医药大学学报,2000,23(2):48~50
11. 钱卫东,庄德成,朱学云,等.高脂血症中医病因病机探讨.湖北中医杂志,2001,23(11):5～6
12. 王松坡,蔡淦.高脂血症中医辨治探讨.江苏中医,1998,19(10):17～18
13. 张暋，梁东辉，李小敏，等.冠心病痰瘀辨证分型与血清脂蛋白动态平衡关系的研究.中国中西医结合杂志,1995,15(1):9～12
14. 张暋，梁东辉，钟伟，等.老年冠心病痰瘀辨证血清脂蛋白谱检测意义.实用中西医结合杂志,1997,10(17):1644～1646
15. 程小曲.痰浊型冠心病与血脂、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白的关系及痰浊形成机理的探讨.新中医,1994,(3):7～9
16. 唐寒松.针灸从脾论治高脂血症的探讨.中国针灸,1998,(5):307～308
17. 郑贵力.王绵之教授治疗高脂血症的学术思想及经验.北京中医药大学学报,2000,23(2):48～51
18. 曾救凡.莱菔子治疗老年高脂血症 38 例疗效观察.浙江中医杂志,1995,30(11):494
19. 朱均.高脂血症的中医药治疗体会.贵阳中医学院学报,1991,(4):31～32
20. 陈川.补肾、化痰和活血对血脂代谢影响的比较.上海中医药杂志,1997,(2):22～25
21. 郑清莲,薛东波.刘茂甫教授对高脂血症病因病机的认识及治疗经验.中医药研究,1993,(6):17～18
22. 龚一萍,宋国平.试论脏腑功能失调与高脂血症形成的相关性.中国中医药信息杂志,2001,8(8):7～8
23. 高红勤,沈逸辛,钱建明.补肾降脂丸治疗高脂血症临床观察.中国中医结合杂志,2001,21(3):217～218
24. 杨瑞合.“肾虚”与高脂血症发病关系的探讨.中西医结合杂志,1989,9(5):313
25. 董和,肖佐桃,吴子明.补肾降脂药物作用的观察.中西医结合杂志,1991,11(1):25～27
26. 刘仁人,陈少维,陆金宝,等.固本降脂丸治疗中、老年高脂蛋白血症临床观察.上海中医药杂志,1995,(10):26～27
27. 屠光英,周晓军.44 例高脂血症的临床观察.上海中医药杂志,1991,(9):8～9
28. 张文彭,王巍,石体仁.老年肾虚证血浆过氧化脂质高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其亚组分水平变化.中医杂志,1989,30(2):43～46
29. 佟丽娟.高脂血症的病因病机及辨证分型治疗.中医药学刊,2002,20(2):244
30. 龚一萍.高脂血症的中医病因探讨.浙江中医学院学报,2000,24(2):23～24
31. 陈如桂,马桂敏.丹芩逍遥煎治疗高脂血症 46 例.上海中医药杂志,1995(2):26～27
32. 韦湘林,方显明,李锡光,等.调脂口服液治疗高脂血症 106 例疗效观察.新中医,1999,31(6):12～14
33. 王驰, 从气论治高脂血症,浙江中医学院学报,1999,23(3):35
34. 王松坡,蔡金.高脂血症中医辨治探讨.江苏中医,1998,19(10):17~18.
35. 宋剑南,刘东远,牛晓红,等.高脂血症与中医痰浊关系的实验研究.中国中医基础医学杂志,1995,1(1):49～51
36. 宋剑南,刘东远,李爱华,等.脑血康的化瘀祛痰功能与抗脂质过氧化作用的关系.中国医药学报,1993,8(增刊):47
37. 魏登科,宗宝英,宋秀华.高脂血症的中医药治疗思路.中医药研究,1997,13(6):22～23
38. 黄学敏,党毓起.软化冠脉汤治疗冠心病.陕西中医,1999,50(1):1～2
39. 王玉琴,甄薇,李黎斌,刘薇.针刺对高胆固醇血症家兔影响的研究.中国针灸 1994,2:32-33
40. 张露芬,严洁,程金莲,等.电针心经腧穴对大鼠高血脂症心肌琥珀酸脱氢酶、三磷酸脉苷酶活性及心肌组织结构的影响.针刺研究,2000 ,25(3) :203 - 2061
41. 周杰芳,冼志红.针灸对高脂血症病人的血脂及血液流变学影响的临床观察.广西中医药,1994,17(3):39～40
42. 刘运珠,肖继芳.温针灸足三里对防治老年性疾病的临床观察.中国针灸,1996,16(9):7
43. 张学勋.针灸治疗高脂血症初步观察.北京中医药大学学报,1994,17(6):60～61
44. 任敬威,张增图,何小兰.针灸足三里、内关穴治疗高脂血症45 例报告.甘肃中医,1996,9(5):36～37
45. 杨丹红,许文波,江庆淇等.穴位注射对高脂血症动物模型的降脂作用研究.针灸临床杂志,2000 ,16 (1) ,43～45
46. 毛喜荣,王月冬,周逸平.针刺对冠心病患者血脂、血糖的影响.针灸临床杂志,1994,10(2):26～29
47. 王凤玲,王晓红,王巧妹,等.灸神阙穴降脂抗衰老作用的临床研究.中国针灸,1996,16(9):29～30
48. 申涛,龚琦.近年来高脂血症的针灸治疗概况.针灸临床杂志,1998,14(4):56～57
49. 吴中朝,王玲玲,徐兰风,等.艾灸对高脂血症调脂作用.上海针灸杂志,1997,16(6):5～6
50. 常小荣,周国平,严洁,等.隔药饼灸对高脂血症患者血清 HDL-C、LDC-C 及其它脂质含量的影响.针刺研究,1998,23(4):272～275
51. 解秸萍,李晓泓,张露芬,程凯. 针刺不同穴位对高脂血症大鼠血脂影响的实验研究. 北京中医药大学学报,2003,9:26
52. 常小荣,严洁,岳增辉,等.隔药饼灸对高脂血症兔血浆前列环素和血栓素含量的影响. 中国临床康复,2004 ,8 (33) :7446～7447
53. 高建东,薛庆林,高震,等.温胆降脂口服液治疗高脂血症的临床研究.山东中医杂志,2000,19(3):142～143
54. 王金凤 , 半夏白术天麻汤加减治疗高脂血症 98 例临床观察, 新疆中医药,2002,20(5):16~17
55. 冯栓林,万凤英,杨传英,等. 降脂夕阳茶制备及对高脂血症疗效研究.时珍国医国药,1999,10(7):504
56. 陈苏宁,杨积武,张放,等.血府逐瘀汤加减治疗高脂血症 100 例.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(6):364～365
57. 周修通.加味枳术汤治疗高脂血症脂肪肝 49 例.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(7):406～407
58. 许毓政 , 健脾化痰活血法治疗无症状型高脂血症 60 例 , 湖南中医杂志,2000,16(5):26
59. 卢秀鸾,曲竹秋,贾锡莲.降糖克脂饮治疗老年糖尿病合并高脂血症 68 例疗效观察.中草药,2000,31(5):368～369
60. 陈晓云,沈梅,赵敬东,等.调脂散胶囊治疗老年原发性高脂血症的疗效观察.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(6):353～354
61. 姚春.化痰逐瘀降脂汤治疗高脂血症的疗效观察.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(6):350
62. 李卿慧.松龄降脂胶囊长期降血脂的临床观察.华西药学杂志,1999,14(6):413～414
63. 姚杰.自拟降脂汤治疗高脂血症临床观察.北京中医,2001,20(4):26～27
64. 李京.降脂口服液治疗高脂血症 210 例临床观察.北京中医,2001,20(5):23～25
65. 牛纪华,史兰美,姜淑君,等.调脂康胶囊治疗高脂血症的临床与实验研究.山东中医杂志,2000,19(3):146～148
66. 高红勤,沈逸辛,钱建明,补肾降脂丸治疗高脂血症的临床观察,中国中西医结合杂志,2001, 21(3):217~218
67. 王文波.通脉降脂胶囊治疗高脂血症 121 例临床研究.天津中医药,2003,20(5):34～35
68. 李玉兰 , 贾长海 , 潘娟 , 补肾通络方调整血脂 50 例临床观察 , 四川中医,2002,20(4):30~31
69. 张金惠. 益气活血胶囊治疗高脂血症 200 例临床观察. 天津中医药,2004,21(1):34
70. 解荣.“三子汤”治疗高脂血症 30 例临床观察.上海中医药杂志,1997,31(10):28
71. 刘玉生.消浊降脂汤治疗高脂血症 36 例.山东中医杂志 2001,20(11):662
72. 赵林,赵军绩.参葛降脂宁治疗冠心病高脂血症疗效观察.湖北中医杂志,1999,5(1):395～396
73. 李振明,抵挡丸治疗高脂血症 69 例,河南中医,2000,20(1):21~22
74.赖宗礼,活血通脉胶囊治疗高脂血症 40 例,安徽中医学院学报,2000,19(1):21
1. 王永炎,临床中医内科学,北京出版社,1993 年,584-590 页
2. Ginsberg MD, Pulsinlli WA. The ischemic penumbra, injury thresholds, and the therapeutic window for acute stroke. Ann Neurol, 1994, 36: 553-554.
3. 金竹青.不同穴位针刺对暂时性局部脑缺血大鼠皮层体感诱发电位和脑梗塞体积的影响.上海针灸杂志,1998,(5):37
4. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血大鼠体感诱发电位及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,1998,23(1):36-40
5. 闫庆军.针刺人中对急性脑缺血大鼠海马rCBF 神经元超微结构的影响[J].湖北中医学院学报,1999,1(1):28-29
6. 郭松鹏,王玉良.不同方式经穴电针刺对大鼠脑局部缺血皮层脑电图的影响.潍坊医学院学报,2002,24(1):23-25
7. 高焕民,程介士.侧脑室注射孤啡肽对电针抗脑缺血作用的影响[J].针刺研究,2002,27(10):20-24
8. 张京钟,施静,刘晓春,等.电针对大鼠局灶性脑缺血内Calbindin-D28k 表达的影响[J].中国针灸,2002,22(1):43-46
9. 傅立新,石学敏,李平,等.针刺对脑缺血及再灌注家兔脑水肿、自由基病理学损伤的保护作用及相关性分析[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(2):52-55
10. 陈志强,耿稚萍,张吉,等,电针对脑局部缺血再灌注损伤大鼠自由基的影响[J].中国针灸,1998;18(7):409-412
11. 罗勇,董为伟.大鼠局灶性脑缺血后扩布型阻抑的发作及电针对其影响[J].中国应用生理学杂志,2001,17(4):320-322
12. 张秀花,孙世晓,徐博佳.井穴点刺出血对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑梗塞体积影响的基础研究.针灸临床杂志,2004,20(12):47-48
13. 金竹青,程介士.不同穴位针刺对暂时性局部脑缺血大鼠皮层体感诱发电位和脑梗塞体积的影响[J].上海针灸杂志,1998;17(5):37-39
14. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血大鼠体感诱发电位及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,1998,23(1):36-40
15. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血后期损伤的保护作用[J].上海针灸杂志,1998;17(4):40-41
16. 高焕民,程介士.侧脑室注射孤啡肽对电针抗脑缺血作用的影响.针刺研究,2002,27(10):20-24
17. 陈英辉,黄显奋,累加电针对脑缺血大鼠皮层脑源性神经营养因子表达及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,2000;25(3):165-169
18. 刘晓霓,李月珍,祖国美,吕强。针刺对实验性脑缺血家兔超微结构的影响。牡丹江医学院学报,2000; 21(3):1
19. 胡国强 ,田菲 ,李平 .醒脑开窍针法对脑缺血及再灌注家兔脑自由基病理学超微结构的影响 .中国危重病急救医学,1996 ,8(1):5.
20. 胡国强 ,田菲 ,李平,等.“醒脑开窍”针法对脑缺血—再灌注家兔脑水肿、自由基的影响及相关性分析.天津中医, 1995; 12 (3):2 5.
21. 李威,范军铭,贾士奇,等.电针对大鼠全脑缺血再灌流损伤的保护作用 .中国针灸, 1996; (11):21.
22. 陈志强 ,耿稚萍 ,张吉,等.电针对脑局部缺血再灌流损伤大鼠自由基的影响.中国针灸,1998; (7):40 9.
23. 张莉,张玲.针药结合对反复短暂脑缺血再灌注大鼠行为学及脑损伤的影响.中国医药学报.2004; 19(5):285-287
24. 许能贵,马勤耘,章复清 ,等 .艾灸对急性脑缺血再灌流大鼠 SOD、L PO 的影响 .针刺研究, 1997; 22 (3):161 .
25. 柏志全,周丽丽,郑辉,等.电针对大鼠脑缺血 -再灌注损伤的防护 [J].上海针灸杂志,2003; 22(30):22-24
26. 傅立新,石学敏,李平,等.针刺对脑缺血及再灌注家兔脑水肿、自由基病理学损伤的保护作用及相关性分析[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(2):52-55
27. 郭义,胡利民,张艳军,等.手十二井穴刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血区细胞外 Ca+ 浓度影响的动态观察.针灸临床杂志,1999,15(6):48-50
28. 周国平,邓常青.手十二井穴放血抗兔实验性脑缺血机理的研究.针刺研究,1999,24(2):101;
29. 郭义,周智良,周国平,等.中风初起的急救措施—手十二井穴刺络放血法的临床与实验研究.上海针灸杂志 ,1997;16(2):11.
30. 马岩番,郭义,张艳军,等.手十二井穴刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血组织 K+、Na+浓度影响的动态观察.中国针灸,1997;(9):562 .
31. 许能贵,易炜.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑细胞内 Ca2+含量的影响.中国中西结合杂志,2002,22(4):295-297
32. 徐佳,葛林宝,陈汉平.远近部位穴位对脑缺血大鼠脑组织 Ca2+、 Na+、K+含量影响的比较.上海针灸杂志,2001,20(5):36-37
33. 马岩番,郭义,王秀云,等.“手十二井穴”刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血区脑组织钙调素活性影响的实验观察.针刺研究,1999,24(2):105-107
34. 金智秀,郝晋东等,不同时间窗电针对急性局灶性脑缺血模型大鼠脑组织活性钙调素含量影响的研究.针刺研究,2003,28(3):l78-l81
35. 马惠芳,孙华,任秀君,等.电针水沟与井穴对全脑缺血大鼠脑组织钙调素活性影响的对比研究 [J].针灸研究,2002; 27(2):102-104
36. 张钦 , 等 . 头针的形态学联系与神经相关性的探讨〔J〕 . 上海针灸杂志,1998,7(3):42
37. 农泽宁.针灸治疗脑动脉硬化 30 例〔J〕.中国针灸,1998,18(6):372
38. 杜广中 . 头体针对缺血性中风脑血管功能的对比观察〔J〕 . 中国针灸,1999,19(5):265
39. 许能贵,易玮,赖新生,等.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑细胞内 Ca2+含量的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(4):295-29
40. 张红星,周利. 头针对急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑血流量和环核苷酸的影响.中国中医急症,2005,14(12):1204-1205
41. 郭义,胡利民,张艳军,等.手十二井穴刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血区细胞外Ca2+浓度影响的动态观察[J].针灸临床杂志,1999,15(6):48-50
42. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血大鼠体感诱发电位及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,1998,23(1):36-40
43. 翟娜 ,杜元灏 ,石学敏 ,等 .针刺干预大鼠实验性脑梗塞的形态学研究 I .软脑膜动脉网的代偿及动态定量观察 .针刺研究 ,1993; (1):9.
44. 孟庆刚,孔庆爱,唐强,等.针刺对溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞患者D-二聚体的影响[J].中国针灸,2000,20(4):229-230
45. 闫庆军.针刺人中对急性脑缺血大鼠海马rCBF 神经元超微结构的影响[J].湖北中医学院学报,1999,1(1):28-29
46. 周飞,李福风,程介士,等.电针对急性脑缺血大鼠局部脑血流和脑梗死体积的影响.上海针灸杂志,2003,22(5):3-6
47. 杜元灏,翟娜,石学敏.针刺治疗急性脑血管的血管机制研究(1)-针刺对急性脑缺血模型鼠微血管血管自律运动等的影响.针刺研究,1998,(4):275-278
48. 王洪生,等.“动中求静”针刺疗法治疗中风偏瘫 200 例〔J〕.针灸临床杂志,1997,13(1):56
49. 王玉升,王军,范军铭 ,等.电针对急性局灶性脑缺血模型大鼠的影响 .中国针灸 ,1996; (9):3 4.
50. 吴节.头电针治疗中风病的临床观察〔J〕.成都中医药大学学报,1998,21(2):13
51. 胡国强 ,田菲 ,李平 ,等 .“醒脑开窍”针法对脑缺血及缺血后再灌注家兔红细胞变形性影响的实验研究 ,天津中医,1995; 1 2(4):3 1 .
52. 李峰 ,郭诚杰 ,董笃一 .针刺对家兔血瘀型中风 (脑栓塞 )血栓素 B2 6 -酮 -前列腺素 F1 a 等的影响 .上海针灸杂志,1995; 1 4(4):1 92 .
53. 欧阳八四.舌下针法对中风患者血液流变学的疗效观察〔J〕 .中医杂志,1998,25(1):369
54. 夏艳,郭景春,赵鹏,等.脑内牛磺酸含量降低可以减弱针刺抗缺血作用[J].中国神经科学杂志,2003,19(1):32-35
55. 张学勤,王利,张勇,等.大鼠脑局部缺血再灌注后c-fos mRNA 及c-Fos 蛋白的表达[J].首都医科大学学报,2001,22(4):306-309
56. 王秀云,李积胜,郭义等手十二井穴刺络放血法对MCAO模型大鼠大脑皮层c-fos蛋白表达的影响.上海针灸杂志,2004,23(12):39-41
57. 董劲松,赵宏,陈伯英.c-fos 反义寡核苷酸对脑缺血损伤和电针抗损伤作用的影响[J].中国神经科学杂志,2001,17(2):194-197
58. 张春红,王舒,石学敏,等.醒脑开窍针法对脑梗死模型大鼠脑组织c-fos基因表达的影响.天津中医药,2004, 21(3):210-213
59. 邹军,张家维,赖新生,等.电针对缺血性中风兴奋性氨基酸、c-fos 及细胞调亡影响[J].陕西中医,2002,23(8):759-761
60. 周国平,邓常青,“手十二井穴”放血抗兔实验性脑缺血机理的研究[J].针刺研究,1999,24(2):101-104
61. 陆任云,徐斌,李金荣,等.针刺对脑缺血再灌注脑组织形态结构和酶活性影响的实验研究[J].针刺研究,2002,7(1):5-9
62. 倪光夏, 陆任云,徐斌,等. 针刺对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织GSH-px 活性及MDA 含量的影响[J].南京中医药大学学报,2001,17(6):376-377
63. 翟娜,路秀芬,李谈,等.“醒脑开窍”法对实验性脑梗塞大鼠脑细胞核糖核酸的影响 .上海针灸杂志, 1992; (4):1 7.
64. 应赛霞,程介士.c-fos 蛋白在沙鼠全脑缺血后再灌注时海马中的表达及其与电针抗脑缺血关系的探讨.上海医科大学学报,1994; 21 (4):311 .
65. 王利 ,张学勤 ,张勇 ,等.电针对大鼠脑局部缺血再灌注后 c- fos、 m RNA 表达的影响 [J].中国针灸,2000; 20(4):241.
66. 邹军,张家维,赖新生,赵苍焕.电针对缺血性中风兴奋性氨基酸、C- fos 及细胞凋亡影响。陕西中医,2002; 23(8):760
67. 邹军,赖新生,张家维,唐纯志,角建瓴.电针对缺血性中风细胞凋亡及 Bcl-2、P53 的影响。四川中医,2002; (8):9
68. 余晓慧. 针刺对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑细胞凋亡及 Bcl-2 蛋白表达的影响.针刺研究.2004; 29(1):15-17
69. 罗勇 ,董为伟.电针下调对大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注后 bax 蛋白的表达 [J].针刺研究,1999; 24(4):274.
70. 马岩番,王舒 ,鲁斌 ,等 .醒脑开窍针刺法干预实验性脑梗塞大鼠热休克蛋白基因表达的研究 [J].中国针灸,2001; 21(2):107.
71. 骆仲达,骆仲逵,许能贵,赖新生.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑源性神经营养因子影响的研究.针刺研究,2002; 27(2):105
72. 骆仲达,骆仲逵,许能贵,赖新生.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠缺血区脑组织神经细胞凋亡及神经生长因子影响的研究.针刺研究,2002; 27(3);165
73. Mcgahanl, Hakin AM, Robertson Gs. Hippocampal myc and P53 expression following transient global ischemia, Brain ResMol [J] Brain Res, 1998; 56:133 .
74. 耿健,卜渊.电针对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后 P53 蛋白表达的影响 [J].江苏中医药,2003; 24(5):56-57
75.周建伟,张凡.头皮针治疗中风 207 例疗效观察.中国针灸,1993,13(3)∶3.
76.王立群.头针治疗中风的临床观察.上海针灸杂志.1999,18(5)∶11～12.
77.任彦红.头皮针提插动留综合手法治疗缺血性中风偏瘫临床对比观察.中医杂志,1997,38(8)∶475～477.
78.贾怀玉,王瑞义,等.头针治疗中风偏瘫.上海针灸杂志,1993,12(4)∶12.
79.孙尧其.头针导引治疗偏瘫 660 例.上海针灸杂志,2001,20(4)∶34.
80.张临洪,闻立斗,张征,等.头针治疗急性脑血管病失语症疗效的对比研究.中国针灸,1993,(3)∶6.
81. 房 丽 , 于 致 顺 . 头 穴 久 留 针 治 疗 急 性 脑 梗 塞 的 临 床 观 察 . 上 海 针 灸 杂志,1996,15(5)∶9.
82. 李云琴 , 张熙 , 等 . 头针配合药物治疗脑血管病 59 例疗效分析 . 中国针灸,1994,14(5)∶13.
83.唐启盛,等.针刺头穴对急性脑梗塞病人 6—酮—PGF12TXB2 的影响.针灸临床杂志,1995,11(10).
84. 靳瑞 , 赖新生 , 李艳慧 , 等 . 颞三针治疗中风后遗症的临床观察 . 中国针灸,1993,13(1)∶11.
86 汪钢辉,李艳慧,杨文辉.“CT”定位围针法治疗中风后遗症的临床观察.上海针灸杂志,1998,17(2)∶6.
86.赵维平,等.针刺治疗中风病的临床研究.上海针灸杂志,1992,4∶10.
87.许培昌,黄石玺,刘致顺,等.针灸对 95 例中风患者生活独立能力(FIB)影响的临床研究.中国针灸,1998,18(8)∶495～461.
88.王克建,宛瑞景,赖芳山,等.独取阳明法治疗中风恢复期的临床研究.中国针灸,1996,16(1)∶15.
89.王利.督脉穴为主治疗中风 50 例疗效观察.中国针灸,1996,16(6)∶9.
90.于晓曦.以督穴为主治疗中风 50 例疗效观察.针灸临床杂志,1999,15(3)∶11.
91.赖芳山,叶成亮,阎润茗,等.益气活血针法治疗缺血性中风 32 例.中国中西医结合杂志,1991,12(8)∶216.
92.王建德,梁曼丽,徐晓明.针刺治疗中风后遗症 50 例.陕西中医,1992,13(11)∶509.
93.郑宗昌,等.针刺补肾益脑法治疗中风病 1061 例疗效分析.中国针灸,1995,(4)∶18.
94.于效顺,包向阳,张玉琴,等.头穴改善偏瘫病人肌力效应的时间动态观察.针灸学报,1991,(1)∶39.
95.白秀英,蒋戈利,陈匡,等.醒脑开窍针刺法与西医疗法治疗中风的疗效对比分析.中国针灸,1993,13(1)∶1～3.
96.石学敏.以针灸治疗为中心的中风诊疗体系.江苏中医,1999,20(8)∶3.
97.胡智慧,顾晓园.电针缓解中风偏瘫痉挛的疗效观察.中国针灸,1999,19(4)∶205.
98. 司全明 , 吴 根 诚 , 曹 小 定 . 电针治疗急性脑梗塞患者疗效观察 . 中 国针灸,1999,19(3)∶137.
99.刘克英,泰培森,刘秀梅,等.电针阳明经穴治疗缺血性脑卒中及经颅彩色多普勒超声观察.中国针灸,2000,20(12)∶735～737.
100.侯冬芳,罗和春.电针百会印堂治疗 30 例中风后抑郁患者临床疗效观察.中国针灸,1996,16(8)∶23.
101.李玉玲,周宏彬,刘瑞,等.阴经透刺法为主治疗中风 162 例.上海针灸杂志,1994,13(6)∶245.
102.许桂兰,汪秀兰.眼针结合导平仪治疗中风偏瘫 60 例.陕西中医,1997,18(10)∶468.
103.黄晓洁,李风山,王玉玲,等.眼针治疗中风后遗症的临床观察.上海针灸杂志,1996,(15)∶17.
104. 彭静山 , 朱丹山 , 李云香 . 眼针为主治疗中风 167 例临床观察 . 中国针灸,1991,(3)∶19.
105.田成文.针刺舌体治疗中风后言语不利 186 例.中国针灸,1992,18(5)∶19.
106.王超为,宋曼原.针刺舌根三针治疗中枢性失语 48 例疗效观察.针灸临床杂志,1996,11(5)∶21.
107.张战军,赵纯,王振山.针刺语门穴对中风患者血液流变学的影响.中国针灸,1993,(2)∶21.
1. 冯 亦 璞 . 缺 血 性 脑 卒 中 的 病 理 生 理 及 药 物 治 疗 现 状 [ J ]. 药 学 学报,1999,34(1):72-78.
2. 朱兴族, 罗质璞. 神经药理学新论. 人民卫生出版社, 2004, 53-66.
3. Schabitz WR, Sommer C, Zoder W, et al. Intravenous brain -derived neurothophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates Bax and Bcl-2 expression after temporary focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 2000, 3l (9): 22l0-2217.
4. Rosenberg GA, Navratil M, Barone F. Proteolytic cascade enzymes increase in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1996, 16: 360.
5. Rao AM, Hatcher JF, Kindy MS, et al. Arachidonic acid and leukotrience C4: role in transient cerebral ischemia of gerbils. Neurochem Res, 1999, 24(10): 1225-1232.
6. Small DL, Morley P, Buchan AM, et al. Biology of ischemic cerebral cell death. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 1999, 42(3): 185-207.
7. 任丽, 孙善全. 缺血性脑水肿的病理生理研究进展. 国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册, 2003, 30(5): 423-427.
8. Akopov SE, Simonian NA, Grigorian GS, Dynamics of polymor phonuclear leukocyte accumulation in acute cerebral infarction and the ircorrelation with brain tissue damage. Stroke, 1996, 27: 1739.
9. 董志宏, 马兆龙, 刘勇. 白细胞、血管内皮与脑血管疾病. 解剖科学进展1998, 4(1): 40-46.
10. Rothwell NJ. Functions and mechanisms of interleukin-1 in the brain. TIPS, 1991, 12:430~436.
11. Stoll G, Jander S, Schroeter M. Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions.Prog Neurobiol, 1998, 56: 149-171.
12. Zhang W, Smith C, Shapiro A, et al. Increased expression of bioactive chemokines in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes subjected to simulated ischemia in vitro.Neuroimmunol, 1999, 101: 148-160.
13. Sharma BK, Kumar K. Role of proinflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis, 1998, 13: 1-8.
14. Lin MT. Heat stroke induced cerebral ischemia and neuronal damage. Invovement of cytokines and monoamines. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1997, 813: 572-580.
15. Schielke GP, Yang GY, Shivers BD, et al. Reduced ischemic brain injury in interleukin-1beta converting enzyme deficient mice. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1998, 18: 180-185.
16. Lip A, He QP, Siesjo BK. Effects of intracarrotid arterial injection of cyclospori A and spontaneous hypothermia on brain damage incurred after along period of global ischemia. Brain Res, 2001, 890: 306-313.
17. Strack S, Barban MA, Wadzinski BE, et al. Differential in activation of postsynaptic density associated and soluble Ca2+/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase by proteinphosphatase 1 and 2A. neurochem, 1997, 68: 2119-2128.
18. Sharma BK, Kumar K. Role of proinflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis, 1998, 13: 1-8.
19. Kostulas N, Kivisakk P, Huang Y, et al. Ischemic stroke is associated with a systemic increase of blood mononuclear cells expressing interleukin-8 mRNA. Stroke, 1998, 29(2): 462.
20. Loddick SA, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ. Cerebral interleukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1998;18(2):176-179
21. Clark WM, Rinker LG, Lessov NS, et al. Lack of interleukin-6 expression is not protective against focal central nervous system ischemia. Stroke. 2000 ;31(7):1715-1720
22.肖岗,黎杏群,白介素-6 与脑缺血损伤,国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册,2000;27(5):258-261
23. 杨渊, 方思羽, 张苏明. 白细胞介素与脑缺血. 临床神经病学杂志. 2000, 13(3): 189-190.
24. Vila N, Castillo J, Davalos A, et al. Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurological worsening in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2003, 34: 671-675
25. Spera PA, Ellison JA, Feuerstein GZ, et al. IL-10 reduces rat brain injury following focal stroke. Neurosic Lett, 1998, 251:189-192
26. 刘辉, 陈俊抛. 肿瘤坏死因子-α 与缺血性脑损伤. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 1998, 6(5): 263-266.
27. Zhai QH, Furrell N, Chen FJ. Gene expression of IL-10 in relationship to TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2 in the rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neurol Sci, 1997, 152: 119.
28. Liu T, Clark RK, McDonnell PC, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in idchemic neurons. Stroke, 1994, 25(7): 1481-1488.
29. Yamasaki Y, Itoyama Y, Kogure K. Involvement of cytokine production in pathogenesis of transient cerebral ischemic damage. Keio Med, 1996, 45(3): 225~229.
30. Uno H, Matsuyama T, Akita H, et al. Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the mouse hippocampus following transient fore brain ischemia. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1997, 17(5): 491-499.
31. Saito K, Suyama K, Nishida K, et al. Early increases in TNF-alpha, IL-6 and 1beta levels following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbil brain. Neurosci Lett, 1996, 206(2~3): 149-152.
32. Szaflarski J, Burtrum D, Silverstein FS. Cerebral hypoxia ischemia stimulates cytokine gene expression in perinatal rats. Stroke, 1995, 26(6): 1093-1100.
33. Wang X, Yue TL, Barone FC, et al. Concomitant cortical expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNAs follows early response gene expression in transient focal ischemia. Mol Chem Neuropathol, 1994, 23(2~3): 103-114.
34. Yang GY, Schielke GP, Gong C, et al. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in interleukin-1beta converting enzyme deficient mice. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1999, 19(10): 1109-1117.
35. Barone FC, Arvin B, White RF, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha: amediator of focal ischemic brain injury. Stroke, 1997, 28(6): 1233-1243.
36. Dawson DA, Martin D, Hallenbeck JM. Inhibitioan of tumor necrosis factor alpha reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Neurosci Lett, 1996, 218(1): 41-44.
37. Nawashiro H, Martin D, Hallenbeck JM. Inhibition of tumor necrosis fator and amelioration of brain infarction in mice. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1997, 17(2): 229-232.
38. Guy GR, Chua SP, Wong NS, et al. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor activate common multiple protein kinase in human fibralblast. BioChem, 1991, 266(22): 14343-14352.
39. Marino MW, Feld LJ, Jaffe EA, et al. Phosphorylation of the proto-oncogene eukaryotic intiation factor 4E is a common cellular response to tumor necrosis factor. BiolChem, 1991, 266(5): 1685-1688.
40. Feuerstein GZ, Liu T, Barone FC. Cytokines, inflammation, and brain injury: role of tumor necrosis factor- . Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev, 1994, 6(4): 341-360.
41. Wang X, Feueratein GZ. Induced expression of adhesion molecules following focal brain ischemia. Neurotrauma, 1995, 12(5): 825-832.
42. Toulmond S, Parnet P, Linthorst AC. When cytokines get on your nerve: cytokine networks and CNS pathologies. Trends neurosci, 1996, 19(10): 409-410.
43. Heller RA, Kronke M. Tumor necrosis factor receptor mediated signaling pathway. CellBiol, 1994, 126(1): 5-9.
44. Yang GY, Gong C, Qin Z, et al. tumor necrosis factor alpha expression produces increased blood-brain barrier peremeability following temporary focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 1999,69(1): 135-143.
45. Zhu DY, Li R, Liu GQ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha Enhances the cytotoxicity induced by nitric oxide in cultured cerebral endothelial cells. Life Sci, 2000, 66(14): 1325-1335.
46. 付剑亮, 刘雨, 聂成福. 转化生长因子-β与脑缺血. 卒中与神经疾病, 2000, 7(2): 125-126.
47. Rothwell NJ, Hopkins SJ. Cytokines and nervous system Ⅱ: actions and mechaniams of action. Trends Neurosci, 1995, 18(3): 130-136.
48. Wang X, Barone FC, Aiyar NV, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor and receptor antagonist gene expression after focal stroke in rats. Stroke, 1997, 28(1): 155-161.
49. Sharief MK, Noori MA, Ciardi M, et al. Increased levels of circulating ICAM-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis correlation with TNF-α and blood brain barrier damage. J Neuroimmunol, 1993, 43(1): 15-22.
50. Mccarron RM, Doron DA, Siren AL, et al. Agonist stimulated release of von Willebrand factor and procoagulant factor Ⅷ in rats with and without risk factors for stroke. Brain Res, 1994, 647(2): 265-272.
51. Betaz AL, Schielke GP, Yang GY. Interleukin-1 in cerebral ischemia. Keio J Med, 1996, 45(3): 230-237.
52. 金伯泉主编. 细胞和分子免疫学(第二版). 科学出版社, 2001,34.
53. 徐皓亮, 冯亦璞. 粘附分子与脑缺血后炎症. 生理科学进展, 2000, 31(3): 257.
54. 雷万龙. 大鼠脑缺血区细胞间黏附分子ICAM-1 和LFA-1 阳性细胞浸润的研究. 中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志, 2000, 9(2): 191
55. 夏斌, 邵福源. CD11/CD18 在脑缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用. 国外医学, 脑血管疾病分册, 2000, 8(3): 133
56. Carlos TM, Harlan JM. Leukocyte-endothelial adhension molecules. Blood, 1994, 84: 2068
57. Stanimirovic DB, Wong J, Shapiro A, et al. Increase in surface expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells subjected to ischemia-like insults. Acta Neurochir Suppl (wien), 1997, 70: 12-16
58. Love S, Barber R. Expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human brain after focal infarction or cardiac arrest. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 2001, 27(6): 465-473
59. Zhang RL, Chopp M, Li Y, et al. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurology, 1994, 44(9): 1747-1751
60. Zhang RL, Chopp M, Jiang N, et al. Anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient but not permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the wistar rat. Stroke, 1995, 26(8): 1438-1447
61. Frijus CJ, Kappelle LJ. Inflammatory cell adhesion molecules ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke, 2002, 33(8): 2115-2122
62. 李玉峰, 朱建幸. L-选择素在炎性疾病中的作用. 实用儿科临床杂志. 2002, 17(4): 367-368.
63. 姜亚军, 何家声, 丁德云. 脑缺血再灌注时白细胞与脑血管内皮细胞粘附机制研究进展. 国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册, 1996, 16(4): 283-285.
64. 刘静, 蔡定芳. 中性白细胞与脑缺血再灌注损伤. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 2001, 9(6): 348-350.
65. Jiang N, Chopp M, Chahwala S. Neutrophil inhibitory factor treatment of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res, 1998, 788(1): 25-34.
66. 殷伟, 吕传真. 脑梗塞与免疫应答. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 1996, 4(6): 332-335.
67. Kaiser E, Kuzmits R, Pregant P, et al. Clinical biochemistry of neuron specific enolase. Clin Chim Acta, 1989, 183: 13-32.
68. 王中原, 陈光辉. 神经元特异性烯醇化酶与脑损伤. 医学研究生学报, 2000, 13(4): 250-253.
69. Barone FC, Clark RK, Price WJ, et al. Neuron specific enolase in cerebral and systemic circulation following focal chemia. Brain Res, 1993, 623(1): 77.
70. Hatfield RH, Mckernan RM. CSF neuron specific enolase as a quantitative marker of neuronal damage in a rat stroke model. Brain Res, 1992, 577: 249-252.
71. Buttner T, Weyers S, Postert T, et al. S-100 protein: serum marker of focal damage after ischemic territorial MCA infarction. Stroke, 1997, 28(10): 1961-1965.
72. Beauddeux J, Dequen L, Foglietti M.Pathophysiologic aspects of S100B Protein: a newbiological marker of brain Pathology. Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1999, 57(3): 261-272.
73. Herrmann M, Jost S, Kutzs, et al.Temporal profile of release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage after traumatic brain injury is associated with intracranial pathology as demonstrated in cranial computerized tomogryaphy. J Neurotrauma, 2000, 17(2): 113-122.
74. 薛静, 王世民, 刘孝武. S100B 蛋白与神经系统疾病. 中国全科医学, 2003, 6(12): 1053-1054.
75. Dechant G, Neumann H. Neurotrophins. Adv Exp Med Biol,2002,13:303~4
76. Kilic U,Kilic E,Dietz GP,et al.Intravenous TAT-GDNF is protective after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.Stroke,2003,34(5):1304-1310
77. Yang JT,Chang CN,Lee TH,et al.Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin –3 messenger ribonucleic acids after forebrain ischemia in the rat.Crit Care Med,2002,30(4):913-918
78. Li R,Guo JC,Cheng JS.The protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and electroacupunture on neurons against cerebral ischemia.Sheng Li Xue Bao,2002,25(4):321-324
79. Tolkovsky A.Neurotrophic factors in action-new dogs and new tricks.TINS,1997,20:1-3
80. 张予阳,于庆海.神经营养因子对缺血性脑损伤的影响及其药物调节.中国药理学通报,2003,19(3):261-264
81. MacManus JP,Hill I,Huang ZG,et al.DNA damage consistent with apoptosis in transient focal ischemic neocortex.NeuroReport,1994,5:493-495
82. Hee Han B,D`Costa A,Back SA,et al.BDNF blocks caspase-3 activation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Neurobiol Dis,2000,7(1):38-53
83. Schabitz WR,Sommer C,Zoder W,et al.Intravenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates bax and bcl-2 expression after temporary focal cerebral ischemia.Stroke,2000,31(9):2212-2217
84. 方瑗,王玉,童萼塘等. bFGF对缺血性大鼠脑细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响.中国药理学通报,2001,17(2):208-10
85. Pan Z,Perea-Polo R.Role of nerve growth factor in oxidant homeostasis:Glutathione metabolism.Neurochem,1993,61:1713-1721
86. Mattson MP,Lovell MA,Furukawa K,et al.Neurotrophic factors attenuate glutamate-induced accumulation of peroxides,melevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration,and neurotoxicity and increase antioxidant enzyme activities in hippocampal neurons.Neurochem,1995.65:1740-1751
87. Cheng B,Mattson MP.NT-3 and BDNF protect CNS neurons against metabolic/excitotoxic insults.Brain Res,1994,640(1~2):56-67
88. Brandoli C,Sanna A,De Bernardi MA,et al.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor downregulate NMDA receptor function in cerebral granule cells.Neurosci,1998,18(19):7953-7961
89. Vabe K,Tanonaka K,Koshimizn N,et al.A role of PKC in improvement of energy metabolism in preconditioned heart.Basic Res Cardiol,2000,95(3):215-227
90. Durkin JP,Tremblay R,Chakravarthy B,et al.Evidence that the early loss of membraneprotein kinase C is a necessary step in the excitatory amino acid-induced death of primary cortical neurons.Neurochem,1997,68(4):1400-1412
91. Machide M,Kamitori K,Nakamura Y,et al.Selective activation of phospholipase C gammal and distinct protein kinase C subspecies in intracellular signaling by hepatacyte growth factor/scatter factor in primary cultured rat neocortical cells.Neurochem,1998,71(2):592-602
92. Aitar AC,Armanini M,Dugich-Djordjevic M.Recovery of cholinergic phenotype in the injured rat neostriatum: role for endogenous and exogenous nerve growth factor.Neurochem,1992,59:2167-2177
93. Lyons MK,Anderson RE,Meyer FB.Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes un vivo cerebral angiogenesis in chronic forebrain ischemia.Brain Res,1991,558:315-320
94. Guegan C,Ceballos Picot I,chevalier E,et al.Reduction of ischemic damage in NGF-transgenic mice:correlation with enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities.Neurobiol Dis,1999,6(3):180-189
95. Semkova I,Krieglstein J.Neuroprotection mediated via neurotrophic factors and induction of neurotrophic factors. Brain Res Rev,1999,30(2):1776-188
96. Kume T,Nishikawa H,Tomioka H,et al.p75-mediated neuroprotection by NGF against glutamate cytotoxicity in cortical cultures.Brain Res,2000,852(2):279-289
97. Gospodarowiczp,Neufeld G,Schweigerer L.Molecular and biological charactorization of fibro blast growth factor,and angiogenic factor which also controls the proliferation and differentiation of mesodoma and nearoectoderm derived cells.Cell differ,1986,19:1
98. Gomez-Pinilla F,Lee Jwk,Cotman CW.Basic FGF in adult rat brain: cellular distribution and response to entorhinal lesion and fimbria-fornic transection .Neurosci,1992,12:345
99. Lin TN,Te J,Lee M,et al.Induction of basic fibroblast growth factor expression following focal cerebral ischemia.Brain Res Mol Brain Res,1997,49(1~2):255-265
100. Koketsu N,Berlove DJ,Moskowitz MA,et al.Pretreatment within traventricular bFGF decrease infact size following focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Ann Neurol,1994,35(4):451
101. Oka N,Takahashi M,Kawasaki T,et al.Apopotosis of perineurial cells in sensory perineuritis.Actal Neuropathol(Berl),2000,99(3):317-320
102. Liu HM,Chen HH.c-fos protein expression and ischemic change in neurons vulnerable to ischemia/hypoxia,correlated with basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity.Neuropathol Exp Neurol,1994,53(6):598-605
103. Mattson MP,Kumar KN,Cheng B,et al.Basic FGF regulates the expression of a functional 71kDaNMDA receptor protein that mediates calcium influx and neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons.Neurosci,1993,13:4575-4588
104. Tanaka R,Miyasaka Y,Yada K,et al.Basic fibroblast growth factor increase regional cerebral blood flow reduces infarct size after experimental ischemia in a rat model.Stroke,1995,26(11):2154-2158
105. Ou YW,Han L,Da CD,et al.Influence of acupuncture upon expressing levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia-evaluated by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay.Neurol Res,2001,23(1):47-50
106. Cheung WM,Chen SF,Nian GM,et al.Induction of angiogensis related genes in the contra lateral cortex with a rat three-vessel occlusion model.Chin J Physiol,2000,43(3):119-124
107. Barde YA,Edger D,Thoenen H.Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain.EMBO J,1982,1(5):549
108. Leibrock J,Lottspeich H,Hohn A,et al.Molecular cloning and expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor.Nature,1989,341:149
109. Yan Q, Rosenfeld RD, Metheson CR. Expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor protein in the adult rat central nervous system. Neuroscience, 1997,78: 431-448
110. James M, Julie C, Hiao Yan, et al. Disteibution of BDNF protein and mRNA in the normal sdult rat CNS. J Neurosci, 1997, 17: 2295-2313
111. Ivanova T, Beyer C. Pre-and postnatal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA/protein and tyrosine protein kinase receptor B mRNA in the mouse hippocampus. Neurosci Lett, 2001, 307: 21-24
112. Roux PP, Bsrker PA. Neurotrophic signaling through p75 neurotrophic receptor. Prog Neurobiol, 2002, 67: 203-233
113. Banasiak KJ, Xiao Y, Haddad GG. Mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis. Prog Neurobiol, 2000, 62, 215-249
114. Finkbeiner S. CREB couples neurotrophic signals to survival messages. Neuron, 2000, 25: 11-14
115. Hetman M, Kanning K, Cavanaugh JE, et al. Neuroprotection by brain-derived neurotrophic factor is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinoditol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem, 1999, 274: 22569-22580
116. Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Bengzen J, et al. Neurotrophins and brain insult. Trends Neurons CI, 1994, 17: 490-496
117. Brandolic, Sanic A, De Bernardi MA. BDNF and bFGF down regulate NMDA receptor function in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurosci, 1998, 18: 7153-7161
118. Bin Cheng, Mark P. NT-3 and BDNF protect CNS neurons against metabolic/excitotaxic insults. Brain Res, 1994, 640: 56-67
119. Shun S, Yutaka T, Akinori A. Brain derived neurotrophic factor pretreatment exerts a partially protective effect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Neuroscience Lett, 1993, 164: 55-58
120. Kiprianova I, Sandkuhler J, Schwab S, et al. Brmn. Erived neurotrophoc factor improves long-term pptentiation and cognitive functions after transient forebrain ischemia in the rat [J]. Exp Neural, 1999:159(2): 511-519
121. Han BH, D Costa A, Back SA, et al. BDNF blocks caspase-3 activation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neurobiol Dis, 2000, 7(1): 38-53
122. Han BH, Holtazman DM. BDNF protects the neonatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic injury in vivo via the ERK pathway [J]. J Nettmsci, 2000, 20(15): 5775-5781
123. Schabitz WR, Sommer C, Zoder W, et al. Intravenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates Bax and Bcl-2 expression after temporary focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 2000, 31: 2212-2217
124. Rdridge WM. Neurotrophins, neuroprotection and the blood-brain barrier. Curr Opin Investig Drugs,2002 Dec,3(12):1753~7
1.高莹,李可基,唐世英等.几种高脂血症动物模型的比较.卫生研究,2002,4(31)2:97 -99
2.Tamura,Choi DW.Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system. Neuron, 1988,1:623-634
3.Choi DW.Calcium: Stillcenter stage in hypoxic ischemic neuronal death. TINS, 1995,18:58-60
4.春雷,殷克敬.实验针灸学.人民卫生出版社,1998:147-148
5.董继宏,朱文炳. 缺血性脑损伤的免疫机制. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 1997,5(5):273～277)
6.叶平,血脂的基础与临床.人民军医出版社,2002,1:282-283
7.王素红.脂蛋白(a)的分子生物学及其与脑梗死相关性的研究进展.医学综述, 2003, 9(4): 204
8.陈育英,许丽珍.血清脂蛋白(a)测定在脑梗死患者中的临床意义.中国血液流变学杂志,2003,(13)2:128-129
9.陈德欣,吴洪英,王卓茹.针刺阳明经治疗高脂血症疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2002,18(5):49
10.陈太福.三阴交为主针刺治疗单纯性高脂血症[J].黑龙江中医药,2003,(1):43-44
11.赵蕙.针刺辨证治疗高脂血症的临床研究[J].中国初级卫生保健,2002,16(10):54-55
12. 黄 伟 贞 . 针 刺 对 高 脂 血 症 血 脂 水 平 的 影 响 [J]. 安 徽 中 医 临 床 杂志,2003,15(2):103-104
13.杨丹红,许文渡,江庆湛.穴位注射对高脂血症动物模型的降脂作用.针灸临床杂志,2000,16(1):43-45
14.郑祖燕,李光明,谢正起. 电针对中风患者血脂、血液流变学影响的观察.新中医, 1999 , 31 (3) :15
15.庞勇,李保良. 不同穴位治疗缺血性中风的临床研究.中国针灸,2000 ,20 (2) :69～72
16.庞勇. 益肾调督针法治疗缺血性中风的临床疗效及对血浆 TXB2 、6-酮-PGF1α的影响.四川中医,2002 ,20 (7) :18
17.黄耀全,岳进. 电针对缺血性中风患者血脂水平的影响.上海针灸杂志,1997 ,16 (3) :5
18.许玉石. 针刺对缺血性中风血脂变化观察.上海针灸杂志,1997 ,16 (3) :5
19.袁凌松,朱忠春,余明哲. 针药结合对不同部位脑梗塞患者血清高、低密度脂蛋白的影响.上海中医药大学学报, 2001 , 15(16) :27～30
20.李阳.针刺对缺血性中风载脂蛋白变化的观察(J).中国针灸,1996,16(6):7-8
21.李忠仁,陆念祖,王肖曼,等. 针灸治疗中风高脂血症临床观察.中国针灸, 1988, 8(4):28
22.胡秋炎,周建霞,肖伟,等. 养阴通督法治疗脑卒中偏瘫105 例.山东中医药大学学报, 2001, 25 (2) :115～117
23.唐胜修. 头穴为主治疗缺血性中风后遗症活血与致瘀正相干预测的临床研究.中国针灸, 2002 ,22 (2) :79～81
24. 毕爱华. 医学免疫学. 北京:人民军医出版社,1995:60
25. 韩恩吉,李义召,李大年。缺血性卒中与炎症反应。国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册,1999; 26(2):61~63
26. Boutin H, LeFeuvre RA, Horai R, et al. Role of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in ischemic brain damage. J Neurosci, 2001,21:5528-5534.
27. Touzani O, Boutin H, LeFeuvre R, et al. Interleukin-1 influences ischemic brain damage in the mouse independently of the interleukin-1 typeⅠreceptor. J Neurosci, 2002, 22: 38-43.
28. Touzani O, Boutin H, Chuquet J, et al. Potential mechanisms of interleukin-1 involvement in cerebral ischaemia. J Neuroimmunol. 1999; 100(1-2):203-215
29. Yang GY, Schielke GP, Gong C, et al. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and intercellular molecule-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme deficient mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1999;19(10):1109-1117.
30. Loddick SA, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ. Cerebral intrelrukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1998;18(2):176-179.
31. Clark WM, Rinker LG, Lessov NS, et al. Lack of interleukin-6 expression is not protective against focal central nervous system ischemia. Stroke. 2000;31(7):1715-1720.
32.肖岗,黎杏群,白介素-6 与脑缺血损伤,国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册,2000;27(5):258-261.
33.Liu T, Clark RK, Mc Donnell PC, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α expression in ischemic neurons [J]. Stroke,1994; 25:1481-1488
34.吴江,刘亢丁,苏志强,等. TNF-α在实验性局灶性脑缺血中的表达。中风与神经疾病杂志,2000; 17(2):77-78
35.王宇卉。炎性细胞因子在缺血性脑损伤中的作用。临床神经病学杂志, 2000; 13(4):249-250
36.Barone FC, Arvin B, White RF et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α: a mediator of focal ischemic brain in injury [J]. Stroke, 1997;28:1233
37.李英杰,王振金,李达,陈恒年。急性脑血管病患者血与脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子含量的变化及其临床意义。中国危重病急救医学。1997;9(6): 346-347
38.陈寿权,章锦湘,王明山。急性脑血管病血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和可溶性白细胞介素 2 受体α的研究。中国危重病急救医学。1996;8(11):675-676
39. Vilan N, Castillo J, Davalos A, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines and earlyneurological worsening in ischemic stroke [J]. Stroke,2000;31(10):2325-2329
40.陈昆明,赵尖萍,魏利华。急性脑血管病肿瘤坏死因子-α的临床研究。山西医科大学学报,2 0 0 2; 3 3 (4):338-340
41. Saito K, Suyama K, Mishida K et al. Early increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βlevels following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbil brain [J]. NeurosciLett,1996; 206:149
42.Barone FC, Arvin B, White RF et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α: a mediator of focal ischemic brain in injury [J]. Stroke, 1997;28:1233
43. Toulmond S, Parnet P, Linthorst AC. When cytokines get on your nerve: cytokine networks and CNS pathologies. Trends neurosci, 1996, 19(10): 409~410.
44. Heller RA, Kronke M. Tumor necrosis factor receptor mediated signaling pathway. CellBiol, 1994, 126(1): 5~9.
45. Danton GH, Dietrich WD. Inflammatory mechanisms after ischemia and stroke[J]. J Neuropathol ExpNeurol, 2003,62(2):127-136.
46. Frijns CJ, Kappelle LJ. Inflammatory celladhesion molecules in ischemic cerebrovasular disease[J]. Stroke, 2002,33:2115-2122.
47. Yang J, Shen YX, Ma CG.et al.The inflammatory and immune mechanisms following cerebral ischemia[J]. Chin Pharmacol Bull, 2001, 17(1) : 9-13.
48. Hara H, Friedlander RM, Gagliardini V, et al. Inhibition of interleukin- 1 bata converting enzyme family proteases reducesischemic and excitotoxic neuronal damage [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997, 94: 2007-12.
49. Vemuganti R, Dempsey RJ, Bowen KK. Inhibition of Intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 protein expression by antisense oligonucleoti des is neuroprotective after transient middle cerebral artery occlu sion in rat [J]. Stroke, 2004, 5(1): 179-84.
50. Ishikawa M, Cooper D, Russell J,et al. Molecular determinants of the prothrombogenic and inflammatory phenotype assumed by the postischemic cerebral microcirculation [J]. Stroke, 2003, 34(7): 1777-82.
51. Ritter LS, Orozco JA, Coull BM, et al. Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebralmicrocirculation during early reperfusion after stroke [J]. Stroke, 2000, 31(5): 1153-61.
52. Vermuyten K. Detection of neuron specific enolase concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurological disorders by means of a sensitive enzyme immunoassny.Clin ChimActa.1990.187:69~78
53. Hatifield RH,Mckeman RM.CSF neuron-specific enolase as a quantitative marker of neuronalo damage in rat stroke model.Brain Res,1992,577(2):249~252
54. Schaarschmidt H, Prange HW, Reiber H. Neuron-specific enolase concentrations in blood as a prognostic parameter in cerebrovascular disease[J]. Stroke, 1994, 25: 558-565.
55.Mercer DW, Virji MA, Barry GE, et al, New solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of neuron-specific enolase in serum: effect of storage, temperature, lipemia, icterus and hemolysis[J]. Clin Chem, 1990, 36: 1519.
56. Guegan C, Ceballospicot I, Chevalier E, et al. Neurotrophins and brain insults [J].Trends Neurosci, 1994, 17: 490-496
57. Kilic U,Kilic E,Dietz GP,et al.Intravenous TAT-GDNF is protective after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.Stroke,2003,34(5):1304~1310
58. Yang JT,Chang CN,Lee TH,et al.Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin –3 messenger ribonucleic acids after forebrain ischemia in the rat.Crit Care Med,2002,30(4):913~918
59. Li R,Guo JC,Cheng JS.The protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and electroacupunture on neurons against cerebral ischemia.Sheng Li Xue Bao,2002,25(4):321~324
60. Aitar AC,Armanini M,Dugich-Djordjevic M.Recovery of cholinergic phenotype in the injured rat neostriatum: role for endogenous and exogenous nerve growth factor.Neurochem,1992,59:2167~2177
61. Lyons MK,Anderson RE,Meyer FB.Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes un vivo cerebral angiogenesis in chronic forebrain ischemia.Brain Res,1991,558:315~320
62. Schabitz WR, Sommer C, Zoder W. Intravenous brain derived neurotrophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates Bax and Bcl-2 expression sfter temporary focal cerebral ischemia [J]. Stroke, 2002, 31(3): 2212-2217
63. Rifkin DB, Moscatelli D. Recent developments in the cell biology of basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Biol, 1989,109(1):1~6.
64. Mattson MP, Cheng B. Growth factors protect neurons against excito-toxic/ ischemic damaged stabilizing calcium homeostasis. Stroke, 1993, 24 (12):136~140.
2. 孟昭阳. 调脂饮流浸膏治疗高脂血症的临床研究. 江西中医药,2003, 34 (249):20-23
3. 赵昊龙,等.颜德馨辨治高血脂症经验.辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(1):6-7
4. 张暋，曾昭龙，李小敏，等.高脂血症患者之友.北京:人民军医出版社,1996,4
5. 梁雪.水蛭注射液治疗高脂血症的观察.广西中医药,1998,21(3):13～14
6. 李鲤.寓消于补在治疗高脂血症中的应用.河南中医,1996,16(5):265～266
7. 郑雪君.中药降脂机理及祛脂途径初探.江西中医药,1996,3:60～61
8. 柴瑞霭.高脂血症的病因病机与治法初探.山西中医,1997,13(2):48～49
9. 熊文生,李任先,刘国普,等.辨治高脂血症重在理脾化痰.新中医,1996,28(11):4～5
10. 郑贵力,王煦,王绵之教授治疗高脂血症学术思想及经验,北京中医药大学学报,2000,23(2):48~50
11. 钱卫东,庄德成,朱学云,等.高脂血症中医病因病机探讨.湖北中医杂志,2001,23(11):5～6
12. 王松坡,蔡淦.高脂血症中医辨治探讨.江苏中医,1998,19(10):17～18
13. 张暋，梁东辉，李小敏，等.冠心病痰瘀辨证分型与血清脂蛋白动态平衡关系的研究.中国中西医结合杂志,1995,15(1):9～12
14. 张暋，梁东辉，钟伟，等.老年冠心病痰瘀辨证血清脂蛋白谱检测意义.实用中西医结合杂志,1997,10(17):1644～1646
15. 程小曲.痰浊型冠心病与血脂、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白的关系及痰浊形成机理的探讨.新中医,1994,(3):7～9
16. 唐寒松.针灸从脾论治高脂血症的探讨.中国针灸,1998,(5):307～308
17. 郑贵力.王绵之教授治疗高脂血症的学术思想及经验.北京中医药大学学报,2000,23(2):48～51
18. 曾救凡.莱菔子治疗老年高脂血症 38 例疗效观察.浙江中医杂志,1995,30(11):494
19. 朱均.高脂血症的中医药治疗体会.贵阳中医学院学报,1991,(4):31～32
20. 陈川.补肾、化痰和活血对血脂代谢影响的比较.上海中医药杂志,1997,(2):22～25
21. 郑清莲,薛东波.刘茂甫教授对高脂血症病因病机的认识及治疗经验.中医药研究,1993,(6):17～18
22. 龚一萍,宋国平.试论脏腑功能失调与高脂血症形成的相关性.中国中医药信息杂志,2001,8(8):7～8
23. 高红勤,沈逸辛,钱建明.补肾降脂丸治疗高脂血症临床观察.中国中医结合杂志,2001,21(3):217～218
24. 杨瑞合.“肾虚”与高脂血症发病关系的探讨.中西医结合杂志,1989,9(5):313
25. 董和,肖佐桃,吴子明.补肾降脂药物作用的观察.中西医结合杂志,1991,11(1):25～27
26. 刘仁人,陈少维,陆金宝,等.固本降脂丸治疗中、老年高脂蛋白血症临床观察.上海中医药杂志,1995,(10):26～27
27. 屠光英,周晓军.44 例高脂血症的临床观察.上海中医药杂志,1991,(9):8～9
28. 张文彭,王巍,石体仁.老年肾虚证血浆过氧化脂质高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其亚组分水平变化.中医杂志,1989,30(2):43～46
29. 佟丽娟.高脂血症的病因病机及辨证分型治疗.中医药学刊,2002,20(2):244
30. 龚一萍.高脂血症的中医病因探讨.浙江中医学院学报,2000,24(2):23～24
31. 陈如桂,马桂敏.丹芩逍遥煎治疗高脂血症 46 例.上海中医药杂志,1995(2):26～27
32. 韦湘林,方显明,李锡光,等.调脂口服液治疗高脂血症 106 例疗效观察.新中医,1999,31(6):12～14
33. 王驰, 从气论治高脂血症,浙江中医学院学报,1999,23(3):35
34. 王松坡,蔡金.高脂血症中医辨治探讨.江苏中医,1998,19(10):17~18.
35. 宋剑南,刘东远,牛晓红,等.高脂血症与中医痰浊关系的实验研究.中国中医基础医学杂志,1995,1(1):49～51
36. 宋剑南,刘东远,李爱华,等.脑血康的化瘀祛痰功能与抗脂质过氧化作用的关系.中国医药学报,1993,8(增刊):47
37. 魏登科,宗宝英,宋秀华.高脂血症的中医药治疗思路.中医药研究,1997,13(6):22～23
38. 黄学敏,党毓起.软化冠脉汤治疗冠心病.陕西中医,1999,50(1):1～2
39. 王玉琴,甄薇,李黎斌,刘薇.针刺对高胆固醇血症家兔影响的研究.中国针灸 1994,2:32-33
40. 张露芬,严洁,程金莲,等.电针心经腧穴对大鼠高血脂症心肌琥珀酸脱氢酶、三磷酸脉苷酶活性及心肌组织结构的影响.针刺研究,2000 ,25(3) :203 - 2061
41. 周杰芳,冼志红.针灸对高脂血症病人的血脂及血液流变学影响的临床观察.广西中医药,1994,17(3):39～40
42. 刘运珠,肖继芳.温针灸足三里对防治老年性疾病的临床观察.中国针灸,1996,16(9):7
43. 张学勋.针灸治疗高脂血症初步观察.北京中医药大学学报,1994,17(6):60～61
44. 任敬威,张增图,何小兰.针灸足三里、内关穴治疗高脂血症45 例报告.甘肃中医,1996,9(5):36～37
45. 杨丹红,许文波,江庆淇等.穴位注射对高脂血症动物模型的降脂作用研究.针灸临床杂志,2000 ,16 (1) ,43～45
46. 毛喜荣,王月冬,周逸平.针刺对冠心病患者血脂、血糖的影响.针灸临床杂志,1994,10(2):26～29
47. 王凤玲,王晓红,王巧妹,等.灸神阙穴降脂抗衰老作用的临床研究.中国针灸,1996,16(9):29～30
48. 申涛,龚琦.近年来高脂血症的针灸治疗概况.针灸临床杂志,1998,14(4):56～57
49. 吴中朝,王玲玲,徐兰风,等.艾灸对高脂血症调脂作用.上海针灸杂志,1997,16(6):5～6
50. 常小荣,周国平,严洁,等.隔药饼灸对高脂血症患者血清 HDL-C、LDC-C 及其它脂质含量的影响.针刺研究,1998,23(4):272～275
51. 解秸萍,李晓泓,张露芬,程凯. 针刺不同穴位对高脂血症大鼠血脂影响的实验研究. 北京中医药大学学报,2003,9:26
52. 常小荣,严洁,岳增辉,等.隔药饼灸对高脂血症兔血浆前列环素和血栓素含量的影响. 中国临床康复,2004 ,8 (33) :7446～7447
53. 高建东,薛庆林,高震,等.温胆降脂口服液治疗高脂血症的临床研究.山东中医杂志,2000,19(3):142～143
54. 王金凤 , 半夏白术天麻汤加减治疗高脂血症 98 例临床观察, 新疆中医药,2002,20(5):16~17
55. 冯栓林,万凤英,杨传英,等. 降脂夕阳茶制备及对高脂血症疗效研究.时珍国医国药,1999,10(7):504
56. 陈苏宁,杨积武,张放,等.血府逐瘀汤加减治疗高脂血症 100 例.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(6):364～365
57. 周修通.加味枳术汤治疗高脂血症脂肪肝 49 例.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(7):406～407
58. 许毓政 , 健脾化痰活血法治疗无症状型高脂血症 60 例 , 湖南中医杂志,2000,16(5):26
59. 卢秀鸾,曲竹秋,贾锡莲.降糖克脂饮治疗老年糖尿病合并高脂血症 68 例疗效观察.中草药,2000,31(5):368～369
60. 陈晓云,沈梅,赵敬东,等.调脂散胶囊治疗老年原发性高脂血症的疗效观察.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(6):353～354
61. 姚春.化痰逐瘀降脂汤治疗高脂血症的疗效观察.辽宁中医杂志,2001,28(6):350
62. 李卿慧.松龄降脂胶囊长期降血脂的临床观察.华西药学杂志,1999,14(6):413～414
63. 姚杰.自拟降脂汤治疗高脂血症临床观察.北京中医,2001,20(4):26～27
64. 李京.降脂口服液治疗高脂血症 210 例临床观察.北京中医,2001,20(5):23～25
65. 牛纪华,史兰美,姜淑君,等.调脂康胶囊治疗高脂血症的临床与实验研究.山东中医杂志,2000,19(3):146～148
66. 高红勤,沈逸辛,钱建明,补肾降脂丸治疗高脂血症的临床观察,中国中西医结合杂志,2001, 21(3):217~218
67. 王文波.通脉降脂胶囊治疗高脂血症 121 例临床研究.天津中医药,2003,20(5):34～35
68. 李玉兰 , 贾长海 , 潘娟 , 补肾通络方调整血脂 50 例临床观察 , 四川中医,2002,20(4):30~31
69. 张金惠. 益气活血胶囊治疗高脂血症 200 例临床观察. 天津中医药,2004,21(1):34
70. 解荣.“三子汤”治疗高脂血症 30 例临床观察.上海中医药杂志,1997,31(10):28
71. 刘玉生.消浊降脂汤治疗高脂血症 36 例.山东中医杂志 2001,20(11):662
72. 赵林,赵军绩.参葛降脂宁治疗冠心病高脂血症疗效观察.湖北中医杂志,1999,5(1):395～396
73. 李振明,抵挡丸治疗高脂血症 69 例,河南中医,2000,20(1):21~22
74.赖宗礼,活血通脉胶囊治疗高脂血症 40 例,安徽中医学院学报,2000,19(1):21
1. 王永炎,临床中医内科学,北京出版社,1993 年,584-590 页
2. Ginsberg MD, Pulsinlli WA. The ischemic penumbra, injury thresholds, and the therapeutic window for acute stroke. Ann Neurol, 1994, 36: 553-554.
3. 金竹青.不同穴位针刺对暂时性局部脑缺血大鼠皮层体感诱发电位和脑梗塞体积的影响.上海针灸杂志,1998,(5):37
4. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血大鼠体感诱发电位及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,1998,23(1):36-40
5. 闫庆军.针刺人中对急性脑缺血大鼠海马rCBF 神经元超微结构的影响[J].湖北中医学院学报,1999,1(1):28-29
6. 郭松鹏,王玉良.不同方式经穴电针刺对大鼠脑局部缺血皮层脑电图的影响.潍坊医学院学报,2002,24(1):23-25
7. 高焕民,程介士.侧脑室注射孤啡肽对电针抗脑缺血作用的影响[J].针刺研究,2002,27(10):20-24
8. 张京钟,施静,刘晓春,等.电针对大鼠局灶性脑缺血内Calbindin-D28k 表达的影响[J].中国针灸,2002,22(1):43-46
9. 傅立新,石学敏,李平,等.针刺对脑缺血及再灌注家兔脑水肿、自由基病理学损伤的保护作用及相关性分析[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(2):52-55
10. 陈志强,耿稚萍,张吉,等,电针对脑局部缺血再灌注损伤大鼠自由基的影响[J].中国针灸,1998;18(7):409-412
11. 罗勇,董为伟.大鼠局灶性脑缺血后扩布型阻抑的发作及电针对其影响[J].中国应用生理学杂志,2001,17(4):320-322
12. 张秀花,孙世晓,徐博佳.井穴点刺出血对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑梗塞体积影响的基础研究.针灸临床杂志,2004,20(12):47-48
13. 金竹青,程介士.不同穴位针刺对暂时性局部脑缺血大鼠皮层体感诱发电位和脑梗塞体积的影响[J].上海针灸杂志,1998;17(5):37-39
14. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血大鼠体感诱发电位及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,1998,23(1):36-40
15. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血后期损伤的保护作用[J].上海针灸杂志,1998;17(4):40-41
16. 高焕民,程介士.侧脑室注射孤啡肽对电针抗脑缺血作用的影响.针刺研究,2002,27(10):20-24
17. 陈英辉,黄显奋,累加电针对脑缺血大鼠皮层脑源性神经营养因子表达及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,2000;25(3):165-169
18. 刘晓霓,李月珍,祖国美,吕强。针刺对实验性脑缺血家兔超微结构的影响。牡丹江医学院学报,2000; 21(3):1
19. 胡国强 ,田菲 ,李平 .醒脑开窍针法对脑缺血及再灌注家兔脑自由基病理学超微结构的影响 .中国危重病急救医学,1996 ,8(1):5.
20. 胡国强 ,田菲 ,李平,等.“醒脑开窍”针法对脑缺血—再灌注家兔脑水肿、自由基的影响及相关性分析.天津中医, 1995; 12 (3):2 5.
21. 李威,范军铭,贾士奇,等.电针对大鼠全脑缺血再灌流损伤的保护作用 .中国针灸, 1996; (11):21.
22. 陈志强 ,耿稚萍 ,张吉,等.电针对脑局部缺血再灌流损伤大鼠自由基的影响.中国针灸,1998; (7):40 9.
23. 张莉,张玲.针药结合对反复短暂脑缺血再灌注大鼠行为学及脑损伤的影响.中国医药学报.2004; 19(5):285-287
24. 许能贵,马勤耘,章复清 ,等 .艾灸对急性脑缺血再灌流大鼠 SOD、L PO 的影响 .针刺研究, 1997; 22 (3):161 .
25. 柏志全,周丽丽,郑辉,等.电针对大鼠脑缺血 -再灌注损伤的防护 [J].上海针灸杂志,2003; 22(30):22-24
26. 傅立新,石学敏,李平,等.针刺对脑缺血及再灌注家兔脑水肿、自由基病理学损伤的保护作用及相关性分析[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2000,6(2):52-55
27. 郭义,胡利民,张艳军,等.手十二井穴刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血区细胞外 Ca+ 浓度影响的动态观察.针灸临床杂志,1999,15(6):48-50
28. 周国平,邓常青.手十二井穴放血抗兔实验性脑缺血机理的研究.针刺研究,1999,24(2):101;
29. 郭义,周智良,周国平,等.中风初起的急救措施—手十二井穴刺络放血法的临床与实验研究.上海针灸杂志 ,1997;16(2):11.
30. 马岩番,郭义,张艳军,等.手十二井穴刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血组织 K+、Na+浓度影响的动态观察.中国针灸,1997;(9):562 .
31. 许能贵,易炜.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑细胞内 Ca2+含量的影响.中国中西结合杂志,2002,22(4):295-297
32. 徐佳,葛林宝,陈汉平.远近部位穴位对脑缺血大鼠脑组织 Ca2+、 Na+、K+含量影响的比较.上海针灸杂志,2001,20(5):36-37
33. 马岩番,郭义,王秀云,等.“手十二井穴”刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血区脑组织钙调素活性影响的实验观察.针刺研究,1999,24(2):105-107
34. 金智秀,郝晋东等,不同时间窗电针对急性局灶性脑缺血模型大鼠脑组织活性钙调素含量影响的研究.针刺研究,2003,28(3):l78-l81
35. 马惠芳,孙华,任秀君,等.电针水沟与井穴对全脑缺血大鼠脑组织钙调素活性影响的对比研究 [J].针灸研究,2002; 27(2):102-104
36. 张钦 , 等 . 头针的形态学联系与神经相关性的探讨〔J〕 . 上海针灸杂志,1998,7(3):42
37. 农泽宁.针灸治疗脑动脉硬化 30 例〔J〕.中国针灸,1998,18(6):372
38. 杜广中 . 头体针对缺血性中风脑血管功能的对比观察〔J〕 . 中国针灸,1999,19(5):265
39. 许能贵,易玮,赖新生,等.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑细胞内 Ca2+含量的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(4):295-29
40. 张红星,周利. 头针对急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑血流量和环核苷酸的影响.中国中医急症,2005,14(12):1204-1205
41. 郭义,胡利民,张艳军,等.手十二井穴刺络放血对实验性脑缺血大鼠缺血区细胞外Ca2+浓度影响的动态观察[J].针灸临床杂志,1999,15(6):48-50
42. 司全明,吴根诚,曹小定.电针对脑缺血大鼠体感诱发电位及脑梗塞体积的影响[J].针刺研究,1998,23(1):36-40
43. 翟娜 ,杜元灏 ,石学敏 ,等 .针刺干预大鼠实验性脑梗塞的形态学研究 I .软脑膜动脉网的代偿及动态定量观察 .针刺研究 ,1993; (1):9.
44. 孟庆刚,孔庆爱,唐强,等.针刺对溶栓治疗急性脑梗塞患者D-二聚体的影响[J].中国针灸,2000,20(4):229-230
45. 闫庆军.针刺人中对急性脑缺血大鼠海马rCBF 神经元超微结构的影响[J].湖北中医学院学报,1999,1(1):28-29
46. 周飞,李福风,程介士,等.电针对急性脑缺血大鼠局部脑血流和脑梗死体积的影响.上海针灸杂志,2003,22(5):3-6
47. 杜元灏,翟娜,石学敏.针刺治疗急性脑血管的血管机制研究(1)-针刺对急性脑缺血模型鼠微血管血管自律运动等的影响.针刺研究,1998,(4):275-278
48. 王洪生,等.“动中求静”针刺疗法治疗中风偏瘫 200 例〔J〕.针灸临床杂志,1997,13(1):56
49. 王玉升,王军,范军铭 ,等.电针对急性局灶性脑缺血模型大鼠的影响 .中国针灸 ,1996; (9):3 4.
50. 吴节.头电针治疗中风病的临床观察〔J〕.成都中医药大学学报,1998,21(2):13
51. 胡国强 ,田菲 ,李平 ,等 .“醒脑开窍”针法对脑缺血及缺血后再灌注家兔红细胞变形性影响的实验研究 ,天津中医,1995; 1 2(4):3 1 .
52. 李峰 ,郭诚杰 ,董笃一 .针刺对家兔血瘀型中风 (脑栓塞 )血栓素 B2 6 -酮 -前列腺素 F1 a 等的影响 .上海针灸杂志,1995; 1 4(4):1 92 .
53. 欧阳八四.舌下针法对中风患者血液流变学的疗效观察〔J〕 .中医杂志,1998,25(1):369
54. 夏艳,郭景春,赵鹏,等.脑内牛磺酸含量降低可以减弱针刺抗缺血作用[J].中国神经科学杂志,2003,19(1):32-35
55. 张学勤,王利,张勇,等.大鼠脑局部缺血再灌注后c-fos mRNA 及c-Fos 蛋白的表达[J].首都医科大学学报,2001,22(4):306-309
56. 王秀云,李积胜,郭义等手十二井穴刺络放血法对MCAO模型大鼠大脑皮层c-fos蛋白表达的影响.上海针灸杂志,2004,23(12):39-41
57. 董劲松,赵宏,陈伯英.c-fos 反义寡核苷酸对脑缺血损伤和电针抗损伤作用的影响[J].中国神经科学杂志,2001,17(2):194-197
58. 张春红,王舒,石学敏,等.醒脑开窍针法对脑梗死模型大鼠脑组织c-fos基因表达的影响.天津中医药,2004, 21(3):210-213
59. 邹军,张家维,赖新生,等.电针对缺血性中风兴奋性氨基酸、c-fos 及细胞调亡影响[J].陕西中医,2002,23(8):759-761
60. 周国平,邓常青,“手十二井穴”放血抗兔实验性脑缺血机理的研究[J].针刺研究,1999,24(2):101-104
61. 陆任云,徐斌,李金荣,等.针刺对脑缺血再灌注脑组织形态结构和酶活性影响的实验研究[J].针刺研究,2002,7(1):5-9
62. 倪光夏, 陆任云,徐斌,等. 针刺对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织GSH-px 活性及MDA 含量的影响[J].南京中医药大学学报,2001,17(6):376-377
63. 翟娜,路秀芬,李谈,等.“醒脑开窍”法对实验性脑梗塞大鼠脑细胞核糖核酸的影响 .上海针灸杂志, 1992; (4):1 7.
64. 应赛霞,程介士.c-fos 蛋白在沙鼠全脑缺血后再灌注时海马中的表达及其与电针抗脑缺血关系的探讨.上海医科大学学报,1994; 21 (4):311 .
65. 王利 ,张学勤 ,张勇 ,等.电针对大鼠脑局部缺血再灌注后 c- fos、 m RNA 表达的影响 [J].中国针灸,2000; 20(4):241.
66. 邹军,张家维,赖新生,赵苍焕.电针对缺血性中风兴奋性氨基酸、C- fos 及细胞凋亡影响。陕西中医,2002; 23(8):760
67. 邹军,赖新生,张家维,唐纯志,角建瓴.电针对缺血性中风细胞凋亡及 Bcl-2、P53 的影响。四川中医,2002; (8):9
68. 余晓慧. 针刺对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑细胞凋亡及 Bcl-2 蛋白表达的影响.针刺研究.2004; 29(1):15-17
69. 罗勇 ,董为伟.电针下调对大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注后 bax 蛋白的表达 [J].针刺研究,1999; 24(4):274.
70. 马岩番,王舒 ,鲁斌 ,等 .醒脑开窍针刺法干预实验性脑梗塞大鼠热休克蛋白基因表达的研究 [J].中国针灸,2001; 21(2):107.
71. 骆仲达,骆仲逵,许能贵,赖新生.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑源性神经营养因子影响的研究.针刺研究,2002; 27(2):105
72. 骆仲达,骆仲逵,许能贵,赖新生.电针对局灶性脑缺血大鼠缺血区脑组织神经细胞凋亡及神经生长因子影响的研究.针刺研究,2002; 27(3);165
73. Mcgahanl, Hakin AM, Robertson Gs. Hippocampal myc and P53 expression following transient global ischemia, Brain ResMol [J] Brain Res, 1998; 56:133 .
74. 耿健,卜渊.电针对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后 P53 蛋白表达的影响 [J].江苏中医药,2003; 24(5):56-57
75.周建伟,张凡.头皮针治疗中风 207 例疗效观察.中国针灸,1993,13(3)∶3.
76.王立群.头针治疗中风的临床观察.上海针灸杂志.1999,18(5)∶11～12.
77.任彦红.头皮针提插动留综合手法治疗缺血性中风偏瘫临床对比观察.中医杂志,1997,38(8)∶475～477.
78.贾怀玉,王瑞义,等.头针治疗中风偏瘫.上海针灸杂志,1993,12(4)∶12.
79.孙尧其.头针导引治疗偏瘫 660 例.上海针灸杂志,2001,20(4)∶34.
80.张临洪,闻立斗,张征,等.头针治疗急性脑血管病失语症疗效的对比研究.中国针灸,1993,(3)∶6.
81. 房 丽 , 于 致 顺 . 头 穴 久 留 针 治 疗 急 性 脑 梗 塞 的 临 床 观 察 . 上 海 针 灸 杂志,1996,15(5)∶9.
82. 李云琴 , 张熙 , 等 . 头针配合药物治疗脑血管病 59 例疗效分析 . 中国针灸,1994,14(5)∶13.
83.唐启盛,等.针刺头穴对急性脑梗塞病人 6—酮—PGF12TXB2 的影响.针灸临床杂志,1995,11(10).
84. 靳瑞 , 赖新生 , 李艳慧 , 等 . 颞三针治疗中风后遗症的临床观察 . 中国针灸,1993,13(1)∶11.
86 汪钢辉,李艳慧,杨文辉.“CT”定位围针法治疗中风后遗症的临床观察.上海针灸杂志,1998,17(2)∶6.
86.赵维平,等.针刺治疗中风病的临床研究.上海针灸杂志,1992,4∶10.
87.许培昌,黄石玺,刘致顺,等.针灸对 95 例中风患者生活独立能力(FIB)影响的临床研究.中国针灸,1998,18(8)∶495～461.
88.王克建,宛瑞景,赖芳山,等.独取阳明法治疗中风恢复期的临床研究.中国针灸,1996,16(1)∶15.
89.王利.督脉穴为主治疗中风 50 例疗效观察.中国针灸,1996,16(6)∶9.
90.于晓曦.以督穴为主治疗中风 50 例疗效观察.针灸临床杂志,1999,15(3)∶11.
91.赖芳山,叶成亮,阎润茗,等.益气活血针法治疗缺血性中风 32 例.中国中西医结合杂志,1991,12(8)∶216.
92.王建德,梁曼丽,徐晓明.针刺治疗中风后遗症 50 例.陕西中医,1992,13(11)∶509.
93.郑宗昌,等.针刺补肾益脑法治疗中风病 1061 例疗效分析.中国针灸,1995,(4)∶18.
94.于效顺,包向阳,张玉琴,等.头穴改善偏瘫病人肌力效应的时间动态观察.针灸学报,1991,(1)∶39.
95.白秀英,蒋戈利,陈匡,等.醒脑开窍针刺法与西医疗法治疗中风的疗效对比分析.中国针灸,1993,13(1)∶1～3.
96.石学敏.以针灸治疗为中心的中风诊疗体系.江苏中医,1999,20(8)∶3.
97.胡智慧,顾晓园.电针缓解中风偏瘫痉挛的疗效观察.中国针灸,1999,19(4)∶205.
98. 司全明 , 吴 根 诚 , 曹 小 定 . 电针治疗急性脑梗塞患者疗效观察 . 中 国针灸,1999,19(3)∶137.
99.刘克英,泰培森,刘秀梅,等.电针阳明经穴治疗缺血性脑卒中及经颅彩色多普勒超声观察.中国针灸,2000,20(12)∶735～737.
100.侯冬芳,罗和春.电针百会印堂治疗 30 例中风后抑郁患者临床疗效观察.中国针灸,1996,16(8)∶23.
101.李玉玲,周宏彬,刘瑞,等.阴经透刺法为主治疗中风 162 例.上海针灸杂志,1994,13(6)∶245.
102.许桂兰,汪秀兰.眼针结合导平仪治疗中风偏瘫 60 例.陕西中医,1997,18(10)∶468.
103.黄晓洁,李风山,王玉玲,等.眼针治疗中风后遗症的临床观察.上海针灸杂志,1996,(15)∶17.
104. 彭静山 , 朱丹山 , 李云香 . 眼针为主治疗中风 167 例临床观察 . 中国针灸,1991,(3)∶19.
105.田成文.针刺舌体治疗中风后言语不利 186 例.中国针灸,1992,18(5)∶19.
106.王超为,宋曼原.针刺舌根三针治疗中枢性失语 48 例疗效观察.针灸临床杂志,1996,11(5)∶21.
107.张战军,赵纯,王振山.针刺语门穴对中风患者血液流变学的影响.中国针灸,1993,(2)∶21.
1. 冯 亦 璞 . 缺 血 性 脑 卒 中 的 病 理 生 理 及 药 物 治 疗 现 状 [ J ]. 药 学 学报,1999,34(1):72-78.
2. 朱兴族, 罗质璞. 神经药理学新论. 人民卫生出版社, 2004, 53-66.
3. Schabitz WR, Sommer C, Zoder W, et al. Intravenous brain -derived neurothophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates Bax and Bcl-2 expression after temporary focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 2000, 3l (9): 22l0-2217.
4. Rosenberg GA, Navratil M, Barone F. Proteolytic cascade enzymes increase in focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1996, 16: 360.
5. Rao AM, Hatcher JF, Kindy MS, et al. Arachidonic acid and leukotrience C4: role in transient cerebral ischemia of gerbils. Neurochem Res, 1999, 24(10): 1225-1232.
6. Small DL, Morley P, Buchan AM, et al. Biology of ischemic cerebral cell death. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 1999, 42(3): 185-207.
7. 任丽, 孙善全. 缺血性脑水肿的病理生理研究进展. 国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册, 2003, 30(5): 423-427.
8. Akopov SE, Simonian NA, Grigorian GS, Dynamics of polymor phonuclear leukocyte accumulation in acute cerebral infarction and the ircorrelation with brain tissue damage. Stroke, 1996, 27: 1739.
9. 董志宏, 马兆龙, 刘勇. 白细胞、血管内皮与脑血管疾病. 解剖科学进展1998, 4(1): 40-46.
10. Rothwell NJ. Functions and mechanisms of interleukin-1 in the brain. TIPS, 1991, 12:430~436.
11. Stoll G, Jander S, Schroeter M. Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions.Prog Neurobiol, 1998, 56: 149-171.
12. Zhang W, Smith C, Shapiro A, et al. Increased expression of bioactive chemokines in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes subjected to simulated ischemia in vitro.Neuroimmunol, 1999, 101: 148-160.
13. Sharma BK, Kumar K. Role of proinflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis, 1998, 13: 1-8.
14. Lin MT. Heat stroke induced cerebral ischemia and neuronal damage. Invovement of cytokines and monoamines. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1997, 813: 572-580.
15. Schielke GP, Yang GY, Shivers BD, et al. Reduced ischemic brain injury in interleukin-1beta converting enzyme deficient mice. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1998, 18: 180-185.
16. Lip A, He QP, Siesjo BK. Effects of intracarrotid arterial injection of cyclospori A and spontaneous hypothermia on brain damage incurred after along period of global ischemia. Brain Res, 2001, 890: 306-313.
17. Strack S, Barban MA, Wadzinski BE, et al. Differential in activation of postsynaptic density associated and soluble Ca2+/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase by proteinphosphatase 1 and 2A. neurochem, 1997, 68: 2119-2128.
18. Sharma BK, Kumar K. Role of proinflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis, 1998, 13: 1-8.
19. Kostulas N, Kivisakk P, Huang Y, et al. Ischemic stroke is associated with a systemic increase of blood mononuclear cells expressing interleukin-8 mRNA. Stroke, 1998, 29(2): 462.
20. Loddick SA, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ. Cerebral interleukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1998;18(2):176-179
21. Clark WM, Rinker LG, Lessov NS, et al. Lack of interleukin-6 expression is not protective against focal central nervous system ischemia. Stroke. 2000 ;31(7):1715-1720
22.肖岗,黎杏群,白介素-6 与脑缺血损伤,国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册,2000;27(5):258-261
23. 杨渊, 方思羽, 张苏明. 白细胞介素与脑缺血. 临床神经病学杂志. 2000, 13(3): 189-190.
24. Vila N, Castillo J, Davalos A, et al. Levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurological worsening in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2003, 34: 671-675
25. Spera PA, Ellison JA, Feuerstein GZ, et al. IL-10 reduces rat brain injury following focal stroke. Neurosic Lett, 1998, 251:189-192
26. 刘辉, 陈俊抛. 肿瘤坏死因子-α 与缺血性脑损伤. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 1998, 6(5): 263-266.
27. Zhai QH, Furrell N, Chen FJ. Gene expression of IL-10 in relationship to TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2 in the rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Neurol Sci, 1997, 152: 119.
28. Liu T, Clark RK, McDonnell PC, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in idchemic neurons. Stroke, 1994, 25(7): 1481-1488.
29. Yamasaki Y, Itoyama Y, Kogure K. Involvement of cytokine production in pathogenesis of transient cerebral ischemic damage. Keio Med, 1996, 45(3): 225~229.
30. Uno H, Matsuyama T, Akita H, et al. Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the mouse hippocampus following transient fore brain ischemia. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1997, 17(5): 491-499.
31. Saito K, Suyama K, Nishida K, et al. Early increases in TNF-alpha, IL-6 and 1beta levels following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbil brain. Neurosci Lett, 1996, 206(2~3): 149-152.
32. Szaflarski J, Burtrum D, Silverstein FS. Cerebral hypoxia ischemia stimulates cytokine gene expression in perinatal rats. Stroke, 1995, 26(6): 1093-1100.
33. Wang X, Yue TL, Barone FC, et al. Concomitant cortical expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNAs follows early response gene expression in transient focal ischemia. Mol Chem Neuropathol, 1994, 23(2~3): 103-114.
34. Yang GY, Schielke GP, Gong C, et al. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in interleukin-1beta converting enzyme deficient mice. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1999, 19(10): 1109-1117.
35. Barone FC, Arvin B, White RF, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha: amediator of focal ischemic brain injury. Stroke, 1997, 28(6): 1233-1243.
36. Dawson DA, Martin D, Hallenbeck JM. Inhibitioan of tumor necrosis factor alpha reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Neurosci Lett, 1996, 218(1): 41-44.
37. Nawashiro H, Martin D, Hallenbeck JM. Inhibition of tumor necrosis fator and amelioration of brain infarction in mice. Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 1997, 17(2): 229-232.
38. Guy GR, Chua SP, Wong NS, et al. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor activate common multiple protein kinase in human fibralblast. BioChem, 1991, 266(22): 14343-14352.
39. Marino MW, Feld LJ, Jaffe EA, et al. Phosphorylation of the proto-oncogene eukaryotic intiation factor 4E is a common cellular response to tumor necrosis factor. BiolChem, 1991, 266(5): 1685-1688.
40. Feuerstein GZ, Liu T, Barone FC. Cytokines, inflammation, and brain injury: role of tumor necrosis factor- . Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev, 1994, 6(4): 341-360.
41. Wang X, Feueratein GZ. Induced expression of adhesion molecules following focal brain ischemia. Neurotrauma, 1995, 12(5): 825-832.
42. Toulmond S, Parnet P, Linthorst AC. When cytokines get on your nerve: cytokine networks and CNS pathologies. Trends neurosci, 1996, 19(10): 409-410.
43. Heller RA, Kronke M. Tumor necrosis factor receptor mediated signaling pathway. CellBiol, 1994, 126(1): 5-9.
44. Yang GY, Gong C, Qin Z, et al. tumor necrosis factor alpha expression produces increased blood-brain barrier peremeability following temporary focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Brain Res Mol Brain Res, 1999,69(1): 135-143.
45. Zhu DY, Li R, Liu GQ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha Enhances the cytotoxicity induced by nitric oxide in cultured cerebral endothelial cells. Life Sci, 2000, 66(14): 1325-1335.
46. 付剑亮, 刘雨, 聂成福. 转化生长因子-β与脑缺血. 卒中与神经疾病, 2000, 7(2): 125-126.
47. Rothwell NJ, Hopkins SJ. Cytokines and nervous system Ⅱ: actions and mechaniams of action. Trends Neurosci, 1995, 18(3): 130-136.
48. Wang X, Barone FC, Aiyar NV, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor and receptor antagonist gene expression after focal stroke in rats. Stroke, 1997, 28(1): 155-161.
49. Sharief MK, Noori MA, Ciardi M, et al. Increased levels of circulating ICAM-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis correlation with TNF-α and blood brain barrier damage. J Neuroimmunol, 1993, 43(1): 15-22.
50. Mccarron RM, Doron DA, Siren AL, et al. Agonist stimulated release of von Willebrand factor and procoagulant factor Ⅷ in rats with and without risk factors for stroke. Brain Res, 1994, 647(2): 265-272.
51. Betaz AL, Schielke GP, Yang GY. Interleukin-1 in cerebral ischemia. Keio J Med, 1996, 45(3): 230-237.
52. 金伯泉主编. 细胞和分子免疫学(第二版). 科学出版社, 2001,34.
53. 徐皓亮, 冯亦璞. 粘附分子与脑缺血后炎症. 生理科学进展, 2000, 31(3): 257.
54. 雷万龙. 大鼠脑缺血区细胞间黏附分子ICAM-1 和LFA-1 阳性细胞浸润的研究. 中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志, 2000, 9(2): 191
55. 夏斌, 邵福源. CD11/CD18 在脑缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用. 国外医学, 脑血管疾病分册, 2000, 8(3): 133
56. Carlos TM, Harlan JM. Leukocyte-endothelial adhension molecules. Blood, 1994, 84: 2068
57. Stanimirovic DB, Wong J, Shapiro A, et al. Increase in surface expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells subjected to ischemia-like insults. Acta Neurochir Suppl (wien), 1997, 70: 12-16
58. Love S, Barber R. Expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human brain after focal infarction or cardiac arrest. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 2001, 27(6): 465-473
59. Zhang RL, Chopp M, Li Y, et al. Anti-ICAM-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurology, 1994, 44(9): 1747-1751
60. Zhang RL, Chopp M, Jiang N, et al. Anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient but not permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the wistar rat. Stroke, 1995, 26(8): 1438-1447
61. Frijus CJ, Kappelle LJ. Inflammatory cell adhesion molecules ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke, 2002, 33(8): 2115-2122
62. 李玉峰, 朱建幸. L-选择素在炎性疾病中的作用. 实用儿科临床杂志. 2002, 17(4): 367-368.
63. 姜亚军, 何家声, 丁德云. 脑缺血再灌注时白细胞与脑血管内皮细胞粘附机制研究进展. 国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册, 1996, 16(4): 283-285.
64. 刘静, 蔡定芳. 中性白细胞与脑缺血再灌注损伤. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 2001, 9(6): 348-350.
65. Jiang N, Chopp M, Chahwala S. Neutrophil inhibitory factor treatment of focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res, 1998, 788(1): 25-34.
66. 殷伟, 吕传真. 脑梗塞与免疫应答. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 1996, 4(6): 332-335.
67. Kaiser E, Kuzmits R, Pregant P, et al. Clinical biochemistry of neuron specific enolase. Clin Chim Acta, 1989, 183: 13-32.
68. 王中原, 陈光辉. 神经元特异性烯醇化酶与脑损伤. 医学研究生学报, 2000, 13(4): 250-253.
69. Barone FC, Clark RK, Price WJ, et al. Neuron specific enolase in cerebral and systemic circulation following focal chemia. Brain Res, 1993, 623(1): 77.
70. Hatfield RH, Mckernan RM. CSF neuron specific enolase as a quantitative marker of neuronal damage in a rat stroke model. Brain Res, 1992, 577: 249-252.
71. Buttner T, Weyers S, Postert T, et al. S-100 protein: serum marker of focal damage after ischemic territorial MCA infarction. Stroke, 1997, 28(10): 1961-1965.
72. Beauddeux J, Dequen L, Foglietti M.Pathophysiologic aspects of S100B Protein: a newbiological marker of brain Pathology. Ann Biol Clin (Paris), 1999, 57(3): 261-272.
73. Herrmann M, Jost S, Kutzs, et al.Temporal profile of release of neurobiochemical markers of brain damage after traumatic brain injury is associated with intracranial pathology as demonstrated in cranial computerized tomogryaphy. J Neurotrauma, 2000, 17(2): 113-122.
74. 薛静, 王世民, 刘孝武. S100B 蛋白与神经系统疾病. 中国全科医学, 2003, 6(12): 1053-1054.
75. Dechant G, Neumann H. Neurotrophins. Adv Exp Med Biol,2002,13:303~4
76. Kilic U,Kilic E,Dietz GP,et al.Intravenous TAT-GDNF is protective after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.Stroke,2003,34(5):1304-1310
77. Yang JT,Chang CN,Lee TH,et al.Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin –3 messenger ribonucleic acids after forebrain ischemia in the rat.Crit Care Med,2002,30(4):913-918
78. Li R,Guo JC,Cheng JS.The protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and electroacupunture on neurons against cerebral ischemia.Sheng Li Xue Bao,2002,25(4):321-324
79. Tolkovsky A.Neurotrophic factors in action-new dogs and new tricks.TINS,1997,20:1-3
80. 张予阳,于庆海.神经营养因子对缺血性脑损伤的影响及其药物调节.中国药理学通报,2003,19(3):261-264
81. MacManus JP,Hill I,Huang ZG,et al.DNA damage consistent with apoptosis in transient focal ischemic neocortex.NeuroReport,1994,5:493-495
82. Hee Han B,D`Costa A,Back SA,et al.BDNF blocks caspase-3 activation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Neurobiol Dis,2000,7(1):38-53
83. Schabitz WR,Sommer C,Zoder W,et al.Intravenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates bax and bcl-2 expression after temporary focal cerebral ischemia.Stroke,2000,31(9):2212-2217
84. 方瑗,王玉,童萼塘等. bFGF对缺血性大鼠脑细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响.中国药理学通报,2001,17(2):208-10
85. Pan Z,Perea-Polo R.Role of nerve growth factor in oxidant homeostasis:Glutathione metabolism.Neurochem,1993,61:1713-1721
86. Mattson MP,Lovell MA,Furukawa K,et al.Neurotrophic factors attenuate glutamate-induced accumulation of peroxides,melevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration,and neurotoxicity and increase antioxidant enzyme activities in hippocampal neurons.Neurochem,1995.65:1740-1751
87. Cheng B,Mattson MP.NT-3 and BDNF protect CNS neurons against metabolic/excitotoxic insults.Brain Res,1994,640(1~2):56-67
88. Brandoli C,Sanna A,De Bernardi MA,et al.Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor downregulate NMDA receptor function in cerebral granule cells.Neurosci,1998,18(19):7953-7961
89. Vabe K,Tanonaka K,Koshimizn N,et al.A role of PKC in improvement of energy metabolism in preconditioned heart.Basic Res Cardiol,2000,95(3):215-227
90. Durkin JP,Tremblay R,Chakravarthy B,et al.Evidence that the early loss of membraneprotein kinase C is a necessary step in the excitatory amino acid-induced death of primary cortical neurons.Neurochem,1997,68(4):1400-1412
91. Machide M,Kamitori K,Nakamura Y,et al.Selective activation of phospholipase C gammal and distinct protein kinase C subspecies in intracellular signaling by hepatacyte growth factor/scatter factor in primary cultured rat neocortical cells.Neurochem,1998,71(2):592-602
92. Aitar AC,Armanini M,Dugich-Djordjevic M.Recovery of cholinergic phenotype in the injured rat neostriatum: role for endogenous and exogenous nerve growth factor.Neurochem,1992,59:2167-2177
93. Lyons MK,Anderson RE,Meyer FB.Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes un vivo cerebral angiogenesis in chronic forebrain ischemia.Brain Res,1991,558:315-320
94. Guegan C,Ceballos Picot I,chevalier E,et al.Reduction of ischemic damage in NGF-transgenic mice:correlation with enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities.Neurobiol Dis,1999,6(3):180-189
95. Semkova I,Krieglstein J.Neuroprotection mediated via neurotrophic factors and induction of neurotrophic factors. Brain Res Rev,1999,30(2):1776-188
96. Kume T,Nishikawa H,Tomioka H,et al.p75-mediated neuroprotection by NGF against glutamate cytotoxicity in cortical cultures.Brain Res,2000,852(2):279-289
97. Gospodarowiczp,Neufeld G,Schweigerer L.Molecular and biological charactorization of fibro blast growth factor,and angiogenic factor which also controls the proliferation and differentiation of mesodoma and nearoectoderm derived cells.Cell differ,1986,19:1
98. Gomez-Pinilla F,Lee Jwk,Cotman CW.Basic FGF in adult rat brain: cellular distribution and response to entorhinal lesion and fimbria-fornic transection .Neurosci,1992,12:345
99. Lin TN,Te J,Lee M,et al.Induction of basic fibroblast growth factor expression following focal cerebral ischemia.Brain Res Mol Brain Res,1997,49(1~2):255-265
100. Koketsu N,Berlove DJ,Moskowitz MA,et al.Pretreatment within traventricular bFGF decrease infact size following focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Ann Neurol,1994,35(4):451
101. Oka N,Takahashi M,Kawasaki T,et al.Apopotosis of perineurial cells in sensory perineuritis.Actal Neuropathol(Berl),2000,99(3):317-320
102. Liu HM,Chen HH.c-fos protein expression and ischemic change in neurons vulnerable to ischemia/hypoxia,correlated with basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity.Neuropathol Exp Neurol,1994,53(6):598-605
103. Mattson MP,Kumar KN,Cheng B,et al.Basic FGF regulates the expression of a functional 71kDaNMDA receptor protein that mediates calcium influx and neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons.Neurosci,1993,13:4575-4588
104. Tanaka R,Miyasaka Y,Yada K,et al.Basic fibroblast growth factor increase regional cerebral blood flow reduces infarct size after experimental ischemia in a rat model.Stroke,1995,26(11):2154-2158
105. Ou YW,Han L,Da CD,et al.Influence of acupuncture upon expressing levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia-evaluated by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay.Neurol Res,2001,23(1):47-50
106. Cheung WM,Chen SF,Nian GM,et al.Induction of angiogensis related genes in the contra lateral cortex with a rat three-vessel occlusion model.Chin J Physiol,2000,43(3):119-124
107. Barde YA,Edger D,Thoenen H.Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain.EMBO J,1982,1(5):549
108. Leibrock J,Lottspeich H,Hohn A,et al.Molecular cloning and expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor.Nature,1989,341:149
109. Yan Q, Rosenfeld RD, Metheson CR. Expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor protein in the adult rat central nervous system. Neuroscience, 1997,78: 431-448
110. James M, Julie C, Hiao Yan, et al. Disteibution of BDNF protein and mRNA in the normal sdult rat CNS. J Neurosci, 1997, 17: 2295-2313
111. Ivanova T, Beyer C. Pre-and postnatal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA/protein and tyrosine protein kinase receptor B mRNA in the mouse hippocampus. Neurosci Lett, 2001, 307: 21-24
112. Roux PP, Bsrker PA. Neurotrophic signaling through p75 neurotrophic receptor. Prog Neurobiol, 2002, 67: 203-233
113. Banasiak KJ, Xiao Y, Haddad GG. Mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis. Prog Neurobiol, 2000, 62, 215-249
114. Finkbeiner S. CREB couples neurotrophic signals to survival messages. Neuron, 2000, 25: 11-14
115. Hetman M, Kanning K, Cavanaugh JE, et al. Neuroprotection by brain-derived neurotrophic factor is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinoditol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem, 1999, 274: 22569-22580
116. Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Bengzen J, et al. Neurotrophins and brain insult. Trends Neurons CI, 1994, 17: 490-496
117. Brandolic, Sanic A, De Bernardi MA. BDNF and bFGF down regulate NMDA receptor function in cerebellar granule cells. J Neurosci, 1998, 18: 7153-7161
118. Bin Cheng, Mark P. NT-3 and BDNF protect CNS neurons against metabolic/excitotaxic insults. Brain Res, 1994, 640: 56-67
119. Shun S, Yutaka T, Akinori A. Brain derived neurotrophic factor pretreatment exerts a partially protective effect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Neuroscience Lett, 1993, 164: 55-58
120. Kiprianova I, Sandkuhler J, Schwab S, et al. Brmn. Erived neurotrophoc factor improves long-term pptentiation and cognitive functions after transient forebrain ischemia in the rat [J]. Exp Neural, 1999:159(2): 511-519
121. Han BH, D Costa A, Back SA, et al. BDNF blocks caspase-3 activation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neurobiol Dis, 2000, 7(1): 38-53
122. Han BH, Holtazman DM. BDNF protects the neonatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic injury in vivo via the ERK pathway [J]. J Nettmsci, 2000, 20(15): 5775-5781
123. Schabitz WR, Sommer C, Zoder W, et al. Intravenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates Bax and Bcl-2 expression after temporary focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke, 2000, 31: 2212-2217
124. Rdridge WM. Neurotrophins, neuroprotection and the blood-brain barrier. Curr Opin Investig Drugs,2002 Dec,3(12):1753~7
1.高莹,李可基,唐世英等.几种高脂血症动物模型的比较.卫生研究,2002,4(31)2:97 -99
2.Tamura,Choi DW.Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system. Neuron, 1988,1:623-634
3.Choi DW.Calcium: Stillcenter stage in hypoxic ischemic neuronal death. TINS, 1995,18:58-60
4.春雷,殷克敬.实验针灸学.人民卫生出版社,1998:147-148
5.董继宏,朱文炳. 缺血性脑损伤的免疫机制. 国外医学脑血管疾病分册, 1997,5(5):273～277)
6.叶平,血脂的基础与临床.人民军医出版社,2002,1:282-283
7.王素红.脂蛋白(a)的分子生物学及其与脑梗死相关性的研究进展.医学综述, 2003, 9(4): 204
8.陈育英,许丽珍.血清脂蛋白(a)测定在脑梗死患者中的临床意义.中国血液流变学杂志,2003,(13)2:128-129
9.陈德欣,吴洪英,王卓茹.针刺阳明经治疗高脂血症疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,2002,18(5):49
10.陈太福.三阴交为主针刺治疗单纯性高脂血症[J].黑龙江中医药,2003,(1):43-44
11.赵蕙.针刺辨证治疗高脂血症的临床研究[J].中国初级卫生保健,2002,16(10):54-55
12. 黄 伟 贞 . 针 刺 对 高 脂 血 症 血 脂 水 平 的 影 响 [J]. 安 徽 中 医 临 床 杂志,2003,15(2):103-104
13.杨丹红,许文渡,江庆湛.穴位注射对高脂血症动物模型的降脂作用.针灸临床杂志,2000,16(1):43-45
14.郑祖燕,李光明,谢正起. 电针对中风患者血脂、血液流变学影响的观察.新中医, 1999 , 31 (3) :15
15.庞勇,李保良. 不同穴位治疗缺血性中风的临床研究.中国针灸,2000 ,20 (2) :69～72
16.庞勇. 益肾调督针法治疗缺血性中风的临床疗效及对血浆 TXB2 、6-酮-PGF1α的影响.四川中医,2002 ,20 (7) :18
17.黄耀全,岳进. 电针对缺血性中风患者血脂水平的影响.上海针灸杂志,1997 ,16 (3) :5
18.许玉石. 针刺对缺血性中风血脂变化观察.上海针灸杂志,1997 ,16 (3) :5
19.袁凌松,朱忠春,余明哲. 针药结合对不同部位脑梗塞患者血清高、低密度脂蛋白的影响.上海中医药大学学报, 2001 , 15(16) :27～30
20.李阳.针刺对缺血性中风载脂蛋白变化的观察(J).中国针灸,1996,16(6):7-8
21.李忠仁,陆念祖,王肖曼,等. 针灸治疗中风高脂血症临床观察.中国针灸, 1988, 8(4):28
22.胡秋炎,周建霞,肖伟,等. 养阴通督法治疗脑卒中偏瘫105 例.山东中医药大学学报, 2001, 25 (2) :115～117
23.唐胜修. 头穴为主治疗缺血性中风后遗症活血与致瘀正相干预测的临床研究.中国针灸, 2002 ,22 (2) :79～81
24. 毕爱华. 医学免疫学. 北京:人民军医出版社,1995:60
25. 韩恩吉,李义召,李大年。缺血性卒中与炎症反应。国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册,1999; 26(2):61~63
26. Boutin H, LeFeuvre RA, Horai R, et al. Role of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in ischemic brain damage. J Neurosci, 2001,21:5528-5534.
27. Touzani O, Boutin H, LeFeuvre R, et al. Interleukin-1 influences ischemic brain damage in the mouse independently of the interleukin-1 typeⅠreceptor. J Neurosci, 2002, 22: 38-43.
28. Touzani O, Boutin H, Chuquet J, et al. Potential mechanisms of interleukin-1 involvement in cerebral ischaemia. J Neuroimmunol. 1999; 100(1-2):203-215
29. Yang GY, Schielke GP, Gong C, et al. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and intercellular molecule-1 after focal cerebral ischemia in interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme deficient mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1999;19(10):1109-1117.
30. Loddick SA, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ. Cerebral intrelrukin-6 is neuroprotective during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1998;18(2):176-179.
31. Clark WM, Rinker LG, Lessov NS, et al. Lack of interleukin-6 expression is not protective against focal central nervous system ischemia. Stroke. 2000;31(7):1715-1720.
32.肖岗,黎杏群,白介素-6 与脑缺血损伤,国外医学神经病学神经外科学分册,2000;27(5):258-261.
33.Liu T, Clark RK, Mc Donnell PC, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α expression in ischemic neurons [J]. Stroke,1994; 25:1481-1488
34.吴江,刘亢丁,苏志强,等. TNF-α在实验性局灶性脑缺血中的表达。中风与神经疾病杂志,2000; 17(2):77-78
35.王宇卉。炎性细胞因子在缺血性脑损伤中的作用。临床神经病学杂志, 2000; 13(4):249-250
36.Barone FC, Arvin B, White RF et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α: a mediator of focal ischemic brain in injury [J]. Stroke, 1997;28:1233
37.李英杰,王振金,李达,陈恒年。急性脑血管病患者血与脑脊液中肿瘤坏死因子含量的变化及其临床意义。中国危重病急救医学。1997;9(6): 346-347
38.陈寿权,章锦湘,王明山。急性脑血管病血清肿瘤坏死因子-α和可溶性白细胞介素 2 受体α的研究。中国危重病急救医学。1996;8(11):675-676
39. Vilan N, Castillo J, Davalos A, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines and earlyneurological worsening in ischemic stroke [J]. Stroke,2000;31(10):2325-2329
40.陈昆明,赵尖萍,魏利华。急性脑血管病肿瘤坏死因子-α的临床研究。山西医科大学学报,2 0 0 2; 3 3 (4):338-340
41. Saito K, Suyama K, Mishida K et al. Early increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βlevels following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbil brain [J]. NeurosciLett,1996; 206:149
42.Barone FC, Arvin B, White RF et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α: a mediator of focal ischemic brain in injury [J]. Stroke, 1997;28:1233
43. Toulmond S, Parnet P, Linthorst AC. When cytokines get on your nerve: cytokine networks and CNS pathologies. Trends neurosci, 1996, 19(10): 409~410.
44. Heller RA, Kronke M. Tumor necrosis factor receptor mediated signaling pathway. CellBiol, 1994, 126(1): 5~9.
45. Danton GH, Dietrich WD. Inflammatory mechanisms after ischemia and stroke[J]. J Neuropathol ExpNeurol, 2003,62(2):127-136.
46. Frijns CJ, Kappelle LJ. Inflammatory celladhesion molecules in ischemic cerebrovasular disease[J]. Stroke, 2002,33:2115-2122.
47. Yang J, Shen YX, Ma CG.et al.The inflammatory and immune mechanisms following cerebral ischemia[J]. Chin Pharmacol Bull, 2001, 17(1) : 9-13.
48. Hara H, Friedlander RM, Gagliardini V, et al. Inhibition of interleukin- 1 bata converting enzyme family proteases reducesischemic and excitotoxic neuronal damage [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997, 94: 2007-12.
49. Vemuganti R, Dempsey RJ, Bowen KK. Inhibition of Intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 protein expression by antisense oligonucleoti des is neuroprotective after transient middle cerebral artery occlu sion in rat [J]. Stroke, 2004, 5(1): 179-84.
50. Ishikawa M, Cooper D, Russell J,et al. Molecular determinants of the prothrombogenic and inflammatory phenotype assumed by the postischemic cerebral microcirculation [J]. Stroke, 2003, 34(7): 1777-82.
51. Ritter LS, Orozco JA, Coull BM, et al. Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebralmicrocirculation during early reperfusion after stroke [J]. Stroke, 2000, 31(5): 1153-61.
52. Vermuyten K. Detection of neuron specific enolase concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with neurological disorders by means of a sensitive enzyme immunoassny.Clin ChimActa.1990.187:69~78
53. Hatifield RH,Mckeman RM.CSF neuron-specific enolase as a quantitative marker of neuronalo damage in rat stroke model.Brain Res,1992,577(2):249~252
54. Schaarschmidt H, Prange HW, Reiber H. Neuron-specific enolase concentrations in blood as a prognostic parameter in cerebrovascular disease[J]. Stroke, 1994, 25: 558-565.
55.Mercer DW, Virji MA, Barry GE, et al, New solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of neuron-specific enolase in serum: effect of storage, temperature, lipemia, icterus and hemolysis[J]. Clin Chem, 1990, 36: 1519.
56. Guegan C, Ceballospicot I, Chevalier E, et al. Neurotrophins and brain insults [J].Trends Neurosci, 1994, 17: 490-496
57. Kilic U,Kilic E,Dietz GP,et al.Intravenous TAT-GDNF is protective after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.Stroke,2003,34(5):1304~1310
58. Yang JT,Chang CN,Lee TH,et al.Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin –3 messenger ribonucleic acids after forebrain ischemia in the rat.Crit Care Med,2002,30(4):913~918
59. Li R,Guo JC,Cheng JS.The protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and electroacupunture on neurons against cerebral ischemia.Sheng Li Xue Bao,2002,25(4):321~324
60. Aitar AC,Armanini M,Dugich-Djordjevic M.Recovery of cholinergic phenotype in the injured rat neostriatum: role for endogenous and exogenous nerve growth factor.Neurochem,1992,59:2167~2177
61. Lyons MK,Anderson RE,Meyer FB.Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes un vivo cerebral angiogenesis in chronic forebrain ischemia.Brain Res,1991,558:315~320
62. Schabitz WR, Sommer C, Zoder W. Intravenous brain derived neurotrophic factor reduces infarct size and counterregulates Bax and Bcl-2 expression sfter temporary focal cerebral ischemia [J]. Stroke, 2002, 31(3): 2212-2217
63. Rifkin DB, Moscatelli D. Recent developments in the cell biology of basic fibroblast growth factor. J Cell Biol, 1989,109(1):1~6.
64. Mattson MP, Cheng B. Growth factors protect neurons against excito-toxic/ ischemic damaged stabilizing calcium homeostasis. Stroke, 1993, 24 (12):136~140.