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基于动态GIS的船舶监控管理系统技术研究与实现
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摘要
地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,简称GIS)是在计算机硬件、软件系统的支持下,以地理空间数据库为基础,采集、储存、管理、分析和描述整个或部分地球表面与空间和地理分布有关的数据,为地理研究和地理决策服务的空间信息系统。
     近年来,特别是上世纪90年代中后期以来,计算机硬件技术、无线网络通信及互联网技术飞速发展,人们急切要求走出固定网络、有线互联的束缚,于是移动蜂窝通信技术(以GSM为代表)、全球定位系统(GPS)、WAP技术和GPRS技术等相继出现,在各方面和不同程度上满足了人们的这种需求。与之相应的GIS技术也由基于单机的GIS向无线通信转变。直到近几年的无线互联,大量移动设备的迅猛发展促使GIS向基于移动计算的环境演化。不言而喻,智能终端、GPS、无线互联网等新技术在GIS领域的应用,势必丰富GIS理论和拓展GIS应用领域。基于这些移动智能终端平台的GIS+GPS+无线互联网一体化的研究,即动态GIS(Active GIS),必然成为GIS领域中一个新兴的重要研究领域。
     本文在分析动态GIS技术的基础上,结合当今无线通信技术和电子海图显示系统,重点研究了以下几个问题:
     (1)着重分析了S-57电子海图和MapInfo电子地图的格式结构。将S-57电子海图格式转换为MapInfo电子海图,并对转换后的海图进行了加工处理。
     (2)另外一个研究重点是动态GIS的原理、多对象类的定义和实现以及多对象图元动态创建和数据更新。
     (3)结合先进的无线通信技术,把动态GIS应用到船舶实时监控系统中,介绍了系统的整体架构、通信协议的解析、电子海图的具体操作和船舶数据管理等。
     (4)应用多对象自定义类实现电子海图上船舶动态显示、航线设计、CPA/TCPA计算以及船舶尺度显示等功能。
     本船舶监控系统已经在长江沿岸的通信导航和航运管理部门中投入使用,具有较好的稳定性与可扩展性。
Geographical Information System(GIS) is under the supportation of computer hardware and software systems, and based on database, data collection, storage, management, analysis and description of a part or the whole surface of the Earth and space and the geographic distribution of the data. It is the space information systems which is servicing for GIS research and policy.
     Recently, particularly since the middle of 1990s, with the rapid development of computer hardware technology, wireless communications and Internet technology, people eager to seek out fixed network and Internet cable restraints .So the mobile cellular communications technology (for GSM), the Global Positioning System (GPS), WAP technology, GPRS technology appeared in succession, and to varying degrees in various fields to meet the people's needs. The corresponding GIS technology will change from the single-based GIS to wireless communications. Until recent years, GIS lot to promote the rapid development of mobile devices based on the evolution of mobile computing environment. It goes without saying that the smart terminal, GPS, wireless Internet and other new technologies using in the GIS technology, GIS will enrich and expand the application of GIS theory.
     Based on systematical analyzing active GIS, this paper is Focus on the following aspects:
     (1) Focused introduce the format and structure of S-57 ENC and Maplnfo map. A research focus in this paper is the conversion from S-57 ENC format to Maplnfo format.
     (2) Another study focused is on the principle of active GIS, Multi-object class definitions and achievement of multi-object feature's creation and data updating.
     (3)Combinating with advanced wireless communications technology, this paper apply the active GIS technology to vessel real-time monitoring system, introducing the structure of the system, the communication protocol analysis, the operation of ENC and data management of the ship.
     (4)Using Multi-object class in the application of targets displaying in the electronic charts, route design ,CPA/TCPA computing ship-scale displaying.
     This vessel monitoring system has become a commercial product along the Yangtze River in the communications and navigation and shipping management, and it has good stability and scalability.
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