超级稻协优9308根系相关性状QTLs的精细定位
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摘要
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,水稻根系具有固定植株、吸收水分和养分、合成运输有机物质等众多重要功能,根系形态改变会影响到植株的生长和发育,间接地影响着水稻产量、品质、抗性等性状的表现。因此,有必要对水稻根系形态建成的遗传规律有个全面深入认识,才有望将根系研究应用于超高产育种中。本研究以恢复系R9308为受体亲本,保持系协青早B为供体亲本,建立染色体片段代换系、协优9308重组自交系及重组自交系与R9308的回交群体为试验材料,在水培条件下对水稻抽穗期株高、根长、根干重和地上部干重等性状进行了QTL定位,并对根长、根表面积、根直径、根体积和根尖数等性状主效QTLs进行了分离鉴定与精细定位,主要研究结果如下：
1.以超级稻协优9308的恢复系R9308为受体亲本,保持系协青早B为供体亲本,通过多代回交与分子标记辅助选择的方法,初步建立了包含68个株系的染色体片段代换系群体。68个株系中有14个在BC3F2中获得,54个在BC4F2中获得。除去目标导入片段外,68个株系共包含49个杂合导入区段,每个株系除目标导入片段外含有的杂合片段为0～3个,其中28个株系为单片段代换系,30个株系含有1个杂合片段,9个株系含有2个杂合片段,1个株系含有3个杂合片段,平均每个株系含有0.72个杂合片段。除第3染色体标记RM3278与Indel51间,以及每条染色体的两端稍有缺失外,代换片段覆盖水稻全基因组的绝大部分区域,覆盖长度超过水稻全基因组全长90%。这些染色体代换系的代换片段包含了水稻基因组丰富的等位基因变异信息,将在基因(QTL)的定位、克隆、功能分析及水稻分子育种中发挥重要作用。
2.以超级稻协优9308衍生RIL与轮回亲本R9308配制的BC1F1群体(150个株系)为材料,采用水上种稻技术,于抽穗期对株高、根长、根干重以及地上部植株干重等4个性状进行QTL定位。4个性状共检测到9个QTLs,分布于第6、7、8、10和11染色体上,其中株高3个,根长2个,根干重2个,地上部植株干重2个,单个QTL可解释的表型贡献率介于7.92%～21.49%之间。其中qRL7的贡献率达到18.14%,结合本研究小组之前的定位结果,所以选择qRL7进行精细定位。
3.从构建染色体片段代换系的高代回交群体中结合分子标记辅助选择筛选2个BC3F2群体为材料,对根长主效QTL-qRL7进行精细定位。两个群体共筛选到358个隐性单株,利用具有多态性的9个Indel分子标记进行定位,最后将qRL7定位在标记Indelll与Indel17间,两者之间的物理距离为657.35kb,依据Rice Annotation Project (RAP3)数据库http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/),在此区间qRL7有96个候选基因,需进一步开展精确预测qRL7的候选基因工作。
4.从高代回交群体内挑选株系为试验材料,采用水稻种稻技术,结合根系扫描方法,对根系4个相关性状主效QTLs进行了分离鉴定与精细定位。将控制根系表面积主效QTL-qRSA7定位在第七染色体分子标记InDell-15与InDell-27之间,两个标记间的物理距离为1578.4kb,候选基因超过100个；根直径主效QTL-qRD7定位在第七染色体InDel2-13与InDel2-25之间,两个标记间的物理距离为185.5kb,该区域包含25个基因；根体积主效QTL-qRV8定位在第八染色体InDel3-11与InDel3-20之间,两个标记间的物理距离较大,包含的基因超过100个；根尖数主效QTL-qRT7定位在第七染色体InDe14-17与InDel4-29之间,两个标记间的物理距离为972.1kb,候选基因超过100个。
5.以超级稻协优9308衍生重组自交系RILs(174个株系)、亲本和F1为材料,分别于2010年夏季种植于中国水稻所富阳试验基地和2011年春季种植于中国水稻所海南陵水南繁试验基地,通过考察抽穗期表型,结合分子遗传连锁图谱,利用winQTL Cart3.0软件对数据进行分析。共检测到12个显著影响抽穗期的QTL,分布于第1、2、4、5、6、7、8、10等8条染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型贡献率介于4.25%-15.12%之间。其中qHD7-1两年都能够稳定检测到,且贡献率较大,分别达到了15.12%和13.31%,加性效应来自母本协青早B。
6.依据RILs初定位结果,结合分子标记辅助选择,从高代回交群体内挑选8个代换区段包含qHD7-1所在区间的BC3F3株系为试验材料,对qHD7-1进行分离鉴定与精细定位。最后将qHD7-1定位在第七染色体分子标记InDe123与InDe143之间,两个标记间的物理距离为418kb,包含61个基因。因为qHD7-1的形态学特性和生理特征还不清楚,qHD7-1的候选基因需进一步分析。
Rice is one of the major food sources in the world; roots play multiple roles in anchorage of the whole plant, absorbing soil moisture and nutrient, synthetic transportation of amino acids, plant hormones and other bioactive substances during course of the growth and development of plant, and indirectly determined the grain yields, grain quality and lodging resistance et al. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the inheritance of rice root traits, and it is possible to make root studies benefit to rice super high yield breeding. Identification of rice root traits key genes is important for understanding the development of root, and it is great important for creating new rice ideotype. In this study, chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between R9308(the recurrent parent) and XB (the donor parent) of Xieyou9308, QTLs of plant height, root length, dry weight of root and dry weight of shoots were investigated at heading stage, identification and fine mapping QTLs of root length, root superficial area, root diameter, root volume and number of root tips. The main results were as follows.
1. A novel population consisted of sixty eight chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) were developed from advanced backcrosses between R9308(the recurrent parent) and XB (the donor parent) of a super hybrid rice Xieyou9308by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). Fourteen strains of CSSLs were selected in BC3F2, and the other fifty four were selected in BC4F2. There were redundant forty nine segments among sixty eight CSSLs except for these target segments, each line carried0-3redundant segments. Twenty eight strains were single segment substitution lines and carried no redundant segments; one redundant segment was carried in each line of these thirty lines, two redundant segment were carried in each line of these nine lines, and three redundant segment were carried in one line, each line carried an average of0.72segments. The CSSLs totally represented the whole genome of nipponbare except for RM3278and Inde151on chromosome3and some deletion in both end of every chromosome, the whole length of substitution segments was more than90%to the whole genome of nipponbare. There were a lot of messages of allelic variations in these CSSLs, and it will play an important role in the study of functional genomics and molecular breeding in rice.
2. A total of150BC1F1lines were developed from a cross between R9308and RILs (derived from single-seed-descent method), application of floating culture methods on natural waters to investigate QTLs associated with plant height, root length, dry weight of root and dry weight of shoots of rice in heading stage. A whole of nine QTLs of four traits were detected, they were distributed on chromosome6,7,8,10and11. Three QTLs associated with plant height, two QTLs for root length, dry weight of root and dry weight respectively, and each QTL could explain phenotypic variation was7.92%to21.49%. One major QTL was detected for root length and explained18.14%of the root length phenotypic variation, designated as qRL7. Comparative analysis the QTLs mapping result in early, qRL7was selected for further study.
3. Two BC3F2lines in which recombination had occurred within the region containing the target QTL were selected to fine mapping the major QTL of qRL7. There were358recessive individuals in these two populations, nine Indel markers which showed a polymorphism between XB and R9308when assayed by gel electrophoresis were used to fine mapping qRL7. The qRL7was finally mapped to a657.35kb region between markers InDel11and InDel17, The Rice Annotation Project RAP3database (http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/) predicts96genes in the candidate region for qRL7. It is difficult to predict the candidate gene for qRL7, because of candidate gene was too many.
4. Many BC3F3lines in which recombination had occurred within the region containing the target QTLs were selected and application of floating culture methods on natural waters to identify and fine mapping QTLs associated with these root traits. The major QTL-qRSA7associated with root superficial area was located between markers InDell-15and InDell-27, the candidate genomic region of qRSA7spans1578.4kb in the Nipponbare genome, and candidate genes were more than one hundred. The major QTL-qRD7of root diameter was mapped between markers InDel2-13and InDel2-25, there were twenty five genes in this region. The major QTL-qRV8associated with root volume was located between markers InDel3-11and InDel3-20on chromosome8, the candidate genomic region of qRV8spans a large region in the Nipponbare genome, and candidate genes were more than one hundred. The major QTL of qRT7associated with number of root tips was located between markers InDel4-17and InDe14-29, the physical distance between these two markers was972.1kb, the candidate genes was more than one hundred.
5. A RILs population (174lines) was developed from a cross between R9308and XB, the parents and F1were planted in Zhejing Fuyang and Hainan Lingshui in rice-growing season of2011, phenotype of heading date at the two environments with molecular genetic linkage map, used winQTL Cart3.0software, was developed for mapping and analyzing the QTLs. A total of12QTL significantly affect heading date were located in chromosome1,2,4,5,6,7, 8and10, the detected QTL individually accounted for4.25%-15.12%of the phenotypic variation. qHD7-1relatively stable expression, had been detected at two environments of trials in Fuyang and Lingshui, accounted for the phenotypic variation ranged from15.12%to13.31%, which positive allele came from the parent of XB.
6. Comparative analysis the QTLs mapping results from RILs in early, eight BC3F2lines in which recombination had occurred within the region containing the target QTL with marker assisted selection (MAS) were selected to identify and fine mapping the major QTL of qHD7-1. The qHD7-1was finally mapped to a418kb region between markers InDe123and InDe143, The Rice Annotation Project RAP3database (http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/) predicts61genes in the candidate region for qHD7-1. It is difficult to predict the accurate candidate gene for qHD7-1, because morphological properties and physiological characteristics of qHD7-1were not understood well. The next work was to narrow the qHD7-1candidate region by using CSSLs until to find this gene, and transgenic function confirmation should be investigated.
1.以超级稻协优9308的恢复系R9308为受体亲本,保持系协青早B为供体亲本,通过多代回交与分子标记辅助选择的方法,初步建立了包含68个株系的染色体片段代换系群体。68个株系中有14个在BC3F2中获得,54个在BC4F2中获得。除去目标导入片段外,68个株系共包含49个杂合导入区段,每个株系除目标导入片段外含有的杂合片段为0～3个,其中28个株系为单片段代换系,30个株系含有1个杂合片段,9个株系含有2个杂合片段,1个株系含有3个杂合片段,平均每个株系含有0.72个杂合片段。除第3染色体标记RM3278与Indel51间,以及每条染色体的两端稍有缺失外,代换片段覆盖水稻全基因组的绝大部分区域,覆盖长度超过水稻全基因组全长90%。这些染色体代换系的代换片段包含了水稻基因组丰富的等位基因变异信息,将在基因(QTL)的定位、克隆、功能分析及水稻分子育种中发挥重要作用。
2.以超级稻协优9308衍生RIL与轮回亲本R9308配制的BC1F1群体(150个株系)为材料,采用水上种稻技术,于抽穗期对株高、根长、根干重以及地上部植株干重等4个性状进行QTL定位。4个性状共检测到9个QTLs,分布于第6、7、8、10和11染色体上,其中株高3个,根长2个,根干重2个,地上部植株干重2个,单个QTL可解释的表型贡献率介于7.92%～21.49%之间。其中qRL7的贡献率达到18.14%,结合本研究小组之前的定位结果,所以选择qRL7进行精细定位。
3.从构建染色体片段代换系的高代回交群体中结合分子标记辅助选择筛选2个BC3F2群体为材料,对根长主效QTL-qRL7进行精细定位。两个群体共筛选到358个隐性单株,利用具有多态性的9个Indel分子标记进行定位,最后将qRL7定位在标记Indelll与Indel17间,两者之间的物理距离为657.35kb,依据Rice Annotation Project (RAP3)数据库http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/),在此区间qRL7有96个候选基因,需进一步开展精确预测qRL7的候选基因工作。
4.从高代回交群体内挑选株系为试验材料,采用水稻种稻技术,结合根系扫描方法,对根系4个相关性状主效QTLs进行了分离鉴定与精细定位。将控制根系表面积主效QTL-qRSA7定位在第七染色体分子标记InDell-15与InDell-27之间,两个标记间的物理距离为1578.4kb,候选基因超过100个；根直径主效QTL-qRD7定位在第七染色体InDel2-13与InDel2-25之间,两个标记间的物理距离为185.5kb,该区域包含25个基因；根体积主效QTL-qRV8定位在第八染色体InDel3-11与InDel3-20之间,两个标记间的物理距离较大,包含的基因超过100个；根尖数主效QTL-qRT7定位在第七染色体InDe14-17与InDel4-29之间,两个标记间的物理距离为972.1kb,候选基因超过100个。
5.以超级稻协优9308衍生重组自交系RILs(174个株系)、亲本和F1为材料,分别于2010年夏季种植于中国水稻所富阳试验基地和2011年春季种植于中国水稻所海南陵水南繁试验基地,通过考察抽穗期表型,结合分子遗传连锁图谱,利用winQTL Cart3.0软件对数据进行分析。共检测到12个显著影响抽穗期的QTL,分布于第1、2、4、5、6、7、8、10等8条染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型贡献率介于4.25%-15.12%之间。其中qHD7-1两年都能够稳定检测到,且贡献率较大,分别达到了15.12%和13.31%,加性效应来自母本协青早B。
6.依据RILs初定位结果,结合分子标记辅助选择,从高代回交群体内挑选8个代换区段包含qHD7-1所在区间的BC3F3株系为试验材料,对qHD7-1进行分离鉴定与精细定位。最后将qHD7-1定位在第七染色体分子标记InDe123与InDe143之间,两个标记间的物理距离为418kb,包含61个基因。因为qHD7-1的形态学特性和生理特征还不清楚,qHD7-1的候选基因需进一步分析。
Rice is one of the major food sources in the world; roots play multiple roles in anchorage of the whole plant, absorbing soil moisture and nutrient, synthetic transportation of amino acids, plant hormones and other bioactive substances during course of the growth and development of plant, and indirectly determined the grain yields, grain quality and lodging resistance et al. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the inheritance of rice root traits, and it is possible to make root studies benefit to rice super high yield breeding. Identification of rice root traits key genes is important for understanding the development of root, and it is great important for creating new rice ideotype. In this study, chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between R9308(the recurrent parent) and XB (the donor parent) of Xieyou9308, QTLs of plant height, root length, dry weight of root and dry weight of shoots were investigated at heading stage, identification and fine mapping QTLs of root length, root superficial area, root diameter, root volume and number of root tips. The main results were as follows.
1. A novel population consisted of sixty eight chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) were developed from advanced backcrosses between R9308(the recurrent parent) and XB (the donor parent) of a super hybrid rice Xieyou9308by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). Fourteen strains of CSSLs were selected in BC3F2, and the other fifty four were selected in BC4F2. There were redundant forty nine segments among sixty eight CSSLs except for these target segments, each line carried0-3redundant segments. Twenty eight strains were single segment substitution lines and carried no redundant segments; one redundant segment was carried in each line of these thirty lines, two redundant segment were carried in each line of these nine lines, and three redundant segment were carried in one line, each line carried an average of0.72segments. The CSSLs totally represented the whole genome of nipponbare except for RM3278and Inde151on chromosome3and some deletion in both end of every chromosome, the whole length of substitution segments was more than90%to the whole genome of nipponbare. There were a lot of messages of allelic variations in these CSSLs, and it will play an important role in the study of functional genomics and molecular breeding in rice.
2. A total of150BC1F1lines were developed from a cross between R9308and RILs (derived from single-seed-descent method), application of floating culture methods on natural waters to investigate QTLs associated with plant height, root length, dry weight of root and dry weight of shoots of rice in heading stage. A whole of nine QTLs of four traits were detected, they were distributed on chromosome6,7,8,10and11. Three QTLs associated with plant height, two QTLs for root length, dry weight of root and dry weight respectively, and each QTL could explain phenotypic variation was7.92%to21.49%. One major QTL was detected for root length and explained18.14%of the root length phenotypic variation, designated as qRL7. Comparative analysis the QTLs mapping result in early, qRL7was selected for further study.
3. Two BC3F2lines in which recombination had occurred within the region containing the target QTL were selected to fine mapping the major QTL of qRL7. There were358recessive individuals in these two populations, nine Indel markers which showed a polymorphism between XB and R9308when assayed by gel electrophoresis were used to fine mapping qRL7. The qRL7was finally mapped to a657.35kb region between markers InDel11and InDel17, The Rice Annotation Project RAP3database (http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/) predicts96genes in the candidate region for qRL7. It is difficult to predict the candidate gene for qRL7, because of candidate gene was too many.
4. Many BC3F3lines in which recombination had occurred within the region containing the target QTLs were selected and application of floating culture methods on natural waters to identify and fine mapping QTLs associated with these root traits. The major QTL-qRSA7associated with root superficial area was located between markers InDell-15and InDell-27, the candidate genomic region of qRSA7spans1578.4kb in the Nipponbare genome, and candidate genes were more than one hundred. The major QTL-qRD7of root diameter was mapped between markers InDel2-13and InDel2-25, there were twenty five genes in this region. The major QTL-qRV8associated with root volume was located between markers InDel3-11and InDel3-20on chromosome8, the candidate genomic region of qRV8spans a large region in the Nipponbare genome, and candidate genes were more than one hundred. The major QTL of qRT7associated with number of root tips was located between markers InDel4-17and InDe14-29, the physical distance between these two markers was972.1kb, the candidate genes was more than one hundred.
5. A RILs population (174lines) was developed from a cross between R9308and XB, the parents and F1were planted in Zhejing Fuyang and Hainan Lingshui in rice-growing season of2011, phenotype of heading date at the two environments with molecular genetic linkage map, used winQTL Cart3.0software, was developed for mapping and analyzing the QTLs. A total of12QTL significantly affect heading date were located in chromosome1,2,4,5,6,7, 8and10, the detected QTL individually accounted for4.25%-15.12%of the phenotypic variation. qHD7-1relatively stable expression, had been detected at two environments of trials in Fuyang and Lingshui, accounted for the phenotypic variation ranged from15.12%to13.31%, which positive allele came from the parent of XB.
6. Comparative analysis the QTLs mapping results from RILs in early, eight BC3F2lines in which recombination had occurred within the region containing the target QTL with marker assisted selection (MAS) were selected to identify and fine mapping the major QTL of qHD7-1. The qHD7-1was finally mapped to a418kb region between markers InDe123and InDe143, The Rice Annotation Project RAP3database (http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp/) predicts61genes in the candidate region for qHD7-1. It is difficult to predict the accurate candidate gene for qHD7-1, because morphological properties and physiological characteristics of qHD7-1were not understood well. The next work was to narrow the qHD7-1candidate region by using CSSLs until to find this gene, and transgenic function confirmation should be investigated.
引文
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