K型井架有限元分析与计算
摘要
井架是石油钻机的重要组成部分,在钻井过程中主要起悬挂所需要的各种钻具、承受钻井过程中的各种载荷、配合钻机钻到目的层的作用。井架结构的安全性、可靠性、稳定性一直被人们所关注,因此对其进行强度分析、模态分析、稳定性分析等成为石油钻机井架设计生产过程中必不可少的环节。准确的对井架进行受力分析,能够预防事故发生,减少人员、财产损失。
本文以承受225吨钩载的K型井架为例,首先利用有限元分析软件,将井架离散为空间梁单元,建立了井架的三维有限元模型。然后计算了井架在最大钩载加自重,起升工作状态(包括起升角为零度,起升角为15度,起升角为45度三种起升工况),自重和最大钩载在有(无)立根时的四种工作状态下的受力和变形。分析结果表明:四种工况均能满足强度要求,井架在自重和最大钩载且钻机无立根风载的状态时最危险,其安全系数最低,值为1.64。最后本文对井架进行了整体稳定性分析,得到了前五阶的屈曲载荷系数,分别为4.9553,5.6988,7.3316,7.6551,8.5997。通过计算,得知井架一阶失稳承受的钩载为1114.9吨,而实际上最大钩载为225吨,满足稳定性要求。这说明井架稳定性比强度储备高,也就是说该井架首先发生破坏是因为强度不够,而不是整体结构失稳。该井架在正常设计条件下能够满足强度和稳定性条件,并能安全可靠工作。
Derrick is one important component of the oil rig,which plays an important role in hanging the various drilling, enduring the various loads in the drilling process and tying together drill drill into the target zone during the drilling.The safety, reliability and stability of derrick have been concerned to people, therefore, analysis of the strength, modal and stability were the essential part during procedure of production and design process.Accurately analyse the force of the derrick can prevent accidents, reduce personnel and loss of property.
In this paper, the K-type derrick which endures 225 tons of hook was took for an example.First, the derrick was discreted into dimensional beam elements ,and the three-dimensional finite element model was established by the finite software .And then, the force and deformation of the derrick in the case of endure maximum hook load and the dead weight ,the sate of Lifting conditions(include the lifting angle of 0,15 and 45 ), the dead weight and maximum hook load (no pipe setback,full pipe setback).The results show that:the four conditions can meet the strength demand,and the most dangerous state is the state of the largest hook load with the wind load while no pipe setback, which strength safety factor is 1.64. Finally, in order to obtain the buckling load factor, a total stability analysis was took to the derrick, they are respectively with the value of 4.9553,5.6988,7.3316,7.6551,8.5997.Through the computation, the first instability load is 1114.9 tons, while the largest hook load of derrick is 225 tons,which meets the derrick stability requirements. It shows that the stability of the derrick is higher then the specific strength reserves,that is to say that the first occurrence of damage to the derrick is due to the strength, rather than the overall structure of the instability. The derrick in the normal design conditions meets the strength and stability conditions, and it can Safely work.
本文以承受225吨钩载的K型井架为例,首先利用有限元分析软件,将井架离散为空间梁单元,建立了井架的三维有限元模型。然后计算了井架在最大钩载加自重,起升工作状态(包括起升角为零度,起升角为15度,起升角为45度三种起升工况),自重和最大钩载在有(无)立根时的四种工作状态下的受力和变形。分析结果表明:四种工况均能满足强度要求,井架在自重和最大钩载且钻机无立根风载的状态时最危险,其安全系数最低,值为1.64。最后本文对井架进行了整体稳定性分析,得到了前五阶的屈曲载荷系数,分别为4.9553,5.6988,7.3316,7.6551,8.5997。通过计算,得知井架一阶失稳承受的钩载为1114.9吨,而实际上最大钩载为225吨,满足稳定性要求。这说明井架稳定性比强度储备高,也就是说该井架首先发生破坏是因为强度不够,而不是整体结构失稳。该井架在正常设计条件下能够满足强度和稳定性条件,并能安全可靠工作。
Derrick is one important component of the oil rig,which plays an important role in hanging the various drilling, enduring the various loads in the drilling process and tying together drill drill into the target zone during the drilling.The safety, reliability and stability of derrick have been concerned to people, therefore, analysis of the strength, modal and stability were the essential part during procedure of production and design process.Accurately analyse the force of the derrick can prevent accidents, reduce personnel and loss of property.
In this paper, the K-type derrick which endures 225 tons of hook was took for an example.First, the derrick was discreted into dimensional beam elements ,and the three-dimensional finite element model was established by the finite software .And then, the force and deformation of the derrick in the case of endure maximum hook load and the dead weight ,the sate of Lifting conditions(include the lifting angle of 0,15 and 45 ), the dead weight and maximum hook load (no pipe setback,full pipe setback).The results show that:the four conditions can meet the strength demand,and the most dangerous state is the state of the largest hook load with the wind load while no pipe setback, which strength safety factor is 1.64. Finally, in order to obtain the buckling load factor, a total stability analysis was took to the derrick, they are respectively with the value of 4.9553,5.6988,7.3316,7.6551,8.5997.Through the computation, the first instability load is 1114.9 tons, while the largest hook load of derrick is 225 tons,which meets the derrick stability requirements. It shows that the stability of the derrick is higher then the specific strength reserves,that is to say that the first occurrence of damage to the derrick is due to the strength, rather than the overall structure of the instability. The derrick in the normal design conditions meets the strength and stability conditions, and it can Safely work.
引文
[1]侯广平,黄悦华.石油钻机井架的现状与发展趋势[J].石油机械,1996,24(3):51-53.
[2]韩东颖,周国强.基于ANSYS6.0钻机井架几何非线性分析[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(1):12-14.
[3]李夯,齐明侠.基于ANSYS的K形井架结构研究[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(2):5-7.
[4]苏一凡,徐宏伟,徐黔斌等.基于ANSYS的海洋修井机井架强度分析[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):607-610.
[5]宋若峰,李为行,张建中等.基于ANSYS的立井井架力学有限元分析[J].煤矿机械,2008,29(4):69-70.
[6]刘芬.基于ANSYS的井架仿真测试方法研究[J].英才高职论坛,2007(4):60-62.
[7]于彪,周国强.基于ANSYS优化设计的井架模型修正[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(11):39-42.
[8]邹龙庆,付海龙,任国友等.基于I-DEAS的石油井架模态分析[J].天然气工业,2005,25(7):59-61.
[9]张波,吕圣仕,彭代清等.应用CAE软件分析计算钻机井架静应力[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(3):39-41.
[10]薛继军,郭谊民,爨莹等.CAE技术在井架设计中的应用[J].应用力学学报,2004,21(1):134-138.
[11]何霞,刘清友,王国荣等.基于Pro/ E的海洋修井机井架静态设计[J].石油矿场机械,2003,32(6):34-36.
[12]梁会高,陈俊.基于StruCAD-3D的旅大4-2海洋修井机井架设计计算[J].石油矿场机械,2006,35(5):67-69.
[13]王峻乔,周思柱,李建平.基于StruCAD*3D的直立套装自升井架计算分析[J].石油机械,2005,33(6):32-34.
[14]于广云,葛新辉,李宏波等.钢结构井架动力特性测试分析与提高承载力研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(6):61-65.
[15]崔晓华,王中武.基于主元分析法的井架损伤定位研究[J].石油机械,2008,36(12):46-48.
[16]邹龙庆,付海龙,谢春强.基于小波和神经网络的石油井架损伤定位研究[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(4):870-873.
[17]韩东颖,周国强,李子丰.基于应力和当量损伤系数的石油井架损伤识别[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(1):29-32.
[18]邹龙庆,谢春强.基于正则化频率变化率与神经网络的石油井架结构损伤识别[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(10):30-33.
[19]段明成,郑勇,万夫.A型井架使用可靠性分析[J].钻采工艺,1995,18(2):57-59.
[20]齐明侠,田佳禾,裴峻峰等.K型模型井架应变位移测试及计算分析[J].石油机械,1998,26(10):12-14.
[21]韩东颖,李子丰,周国强.基于模型局部修正的井架钢结构极限承载力分析[J].工程力学,2007,24(10):175-185.
[22]周国强,刘金梅,郭奕珊等.钻探用井架承载能力试验与安全评定[J].石油钻探技术,2008,36(4):53-56.
[23]付春艳,李淼,万夫等.海洋钻机井架承载能力安全评价方法[J].中国测试技术,2008,34(4):109-111.
[24]王红占,卢文生,翟新丰等.720KN桅杆式井架的设计计算和应力测试[J].石油矿场机械,2006,35(3):63-66.
[25]刘扬松.A形井架结构模糊可靠性评估[J].石油机械,1998,26(1):20-22.
[26]王伟,胡少伟,陈淮.A形井架结构稳定性分析[J].郑州工业大学学报,1996,17(3):13-19.
[27]童华.钢井架斜腿相交断面尺寸的计算方法[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2009,30(1):4-6.
[28]刘春峰,刘厚福,孙玉霞等.箱形井架斜腿组件尺寸的计算研究[J].煤炭工程,2008(8):68-74.
[29] S. G. Babaev, Yu.A.Vasil'ev , M.Yu.Askerov. Results of an evaluation of the reliability of the brake shoes used in drilling derricks[J].Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,1966,2(10):681-684.
[30] V.I.Khorunzhii , V. N. Lesnoi. Settlements of foundation of tower headframe[J]. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1975,12(1):4-6.
[31] L.D.Maus,L.D.Finn,J.W.Turner. Development of the Guyed Tower[J].Society of Petroleum engineers.1985:647-654.
[32] L.D.Finn.A New Deep-Water Platform-The Guyed Tower[C].SPE6268:537-543.
[33] V.Gusella , O.Spadaccini, A.Vignoli. Dynamic identification of Vega platform drilling derrick[C]. Proceedings of the Second International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, June 14,1992 - June 19,1992: 314-321.
[34] Ke,Wang,Huai, Chen,Wei, Wang,Shaowei, Hu. Modal analysis of oilfield derrick structure[C].Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference– IMAC, Febrary 03,1997 - Febrary 06,1997:1871-1877.
[35] Desai,Vinod1,Srinivasan,Nagan .Seismic analysis and resistance design of an offshore derrick[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics andArctic Engineering,1994:409-416.
[36] Woolslayer, Joseph R..Derrick Inspection And Maintenace Enhances Drilling Safety [J]. Oil and Gas Journal.1979,77(32): 90-94.
[37] M.Imregun and W.J.Visser.A review of model updating techniques[J].The Shock and Vibration Digest,1991,23(1):9-20.
[38] J.E.Mottershead ,M.I.Friswell.Model updating in structural dynamics[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,1993,167(2):374-375.
[39] M.Link.Updating of analytical models-Review of numerical procedures and application aspects[C].In Processing of the Structural Dynamics Forum SD2000,Los Alamos,1999.
[40]刘扬,刘巨保,罗敏.有限元分析及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:111-114.
[2]韩东颖,周国强.基于ANSYS6.0钻机井架几何非线性分析[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(1):12-14.
[3]李夯,齐明侠.基于ANSYS的K形井架结构研究[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(2):5-7.
[4]苏一凡,徐宏伟,徐黔斌等.基于ANSYS的海洋修井机井架强度分析[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):607-610.
[5]宋若峰,李为行,张建中等.基于ANSYS的立井井架力学有限元分析[J].煤矿机械,2008,29(4):69-70.
[6]刘芬.基于ANSYS的井架仿真测试方法研究[J].英才高职论坛,2007(4):60-62.
[7]于彪,周国强.基于ANSYS优化设计的井架模型修正[J].石油矿场机械,2007,36(11):39-42.
[8]邹龙庆,付海龙,任国友等.基于I-DEAS的石油井架模态分析[J].天然气工业,2005,25(7):59-61.
[9]张波,吕圣仕,彭代清等.应用CAE软件分析计算钻机井架静应力[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(3):39-41.
[10]薛继军,郭谊民,爨莹等.CAE技术在井架设计中的应用[J].应用力学学报,2004,21(1):134-138.
[11]何霞,刘清友,王国荣等.基于Pro/ E的海洋修井机井架静态设计[J].石油矿场机械,2003,32(6):34-36.
[12]梁会高,陈俊.基于StruCAD-3D的旅大4-2海洋修井机井架设计计算[J].石油矿场机械,2006,35(5):67-69.
[13]王峻乔,周思柱,李建平.基于StruCAD*3D的直立套装自升井架计算分析[J].石油机械,2005,33(6):32-34.
[14]于广云,葛新辉,李宏波等.钢结构井架动力特性测试分析与提高承载力研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(6):61-65.
[15]崔晓华,王中武.基于主元分析法的井架损伤定位研究[J].石油机械,2008,36(12):46-48.
[16]邹龙庆,付海龙,谢春强.基于小波和神经网络的石油井架损伤定位研究[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(4):870-873.
[17]韩东颖,周国强,李子丰.基于应力和当量损伤系数的石油井架损伤识别[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(1):29-32.
[18]邹龙庆,谢春强.基于正则化频率变化率与神经网络的石油井架结构损伤识别[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(10):30-33.
[19]段明成,郑勇,万夫.A型井架使用可靠性分析[J].钻采工艺,1995,18(2):57-59.
[20]齐明侠,田佳禾,裴峻峰等.K型模型井架应变位移测试及计算分析[J].石油机械,1998,26(10):12-14.
[21]韩东颖,李子丰,周国强.基于模型局部修正的井架钢结构极限承载力分析[J].工程力学,2007,24(10):175-185.
[22]周国强,刘金梅,郭奕珊等.钻探用井架承载能力试验与安全评定[J].石油钻探技术,2008,36(4):53-56.
[23]付春艳,李淼,万夫等.海洋钻机井架承载能力安全评价方法[J].中国测试技术,2008,34(4):109-111.
[24]王红占,卢文生,翟新丰等.720KN桅杆式井架的设计计算和应力测试[J].石油矿场机械,2006,35(3):63-66.
[25]刘扬松.A形井架结构模糊可靠性评估[J].石油机械,1998,26(1):20-22.
[26]王伟,胡少伟,陈淮.A形井架结构稳定性分析[J].郑州工业大学学报,1996,17(3):13-19.
[27]童华.钢井架斜腿相交断面尺寸的计算方法[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2009,30(1):4-6.
[28]刘春峰,刘厚福,孙玉霞等.箱形井架斜腿组件尺寸的计算研究[J].煤炭工程,2008(8):68-74.
[29] S. G. Babaev, Yu.A.Vasil'ev , M.Yu.Askerov. Results of an evaluation of the reliability of the brake shoes used in drilling derricks[J].Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,1966,2(10):681-684.
[30] V.I.Khorunzhii , V. N. Lesnoi. Settlements of foundation of tower headframe[J]. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1975,12(1):4-6.
[31] L.D.Maus,L.D.Finn,J.W.Turner. Development of the Guyed Tower[J].Society of Petroleum engineers.1985:647-654.
[32] L.D.Finn.A New Deep-Water Platform-The Guyed Tower[C].SPE6268:537-543.
[33] V.Gusella , O.Spadaccini, A.Vignoli. Dynamic identification of Vega platform drilling derrick[C]. Proceedings of the Second International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, June 14,1992 - June 19,1992: 314-321.
[34] Ke,Wang,Huai, Chen,Wei, Wang,Shaowei, Hu. Modal analysis of oilfield derrick structure[C].Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference– IMAC, Febrary 03,1997 - Febrary 06,1997:1871-1877.
[35] Desai,Vinod1,Srinivasan,Nagan .Seismic analysis and resistance design of an offshore derrick[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics andArctic Engineering,1994:409-416.
[36] Woolslayer, Joseph R..Derrick Inspection And Maintenace Enhances Drilling Safety [J]. Oil and Gas Journal.1979,77(32): 90-94.
[37] M.Imregun and W.J.Visser.A review of model updating techniques[J].The Shock and Vibration Digest,1991,23(1):9-20.
[38] J.E.Mottershead ,M.I.Friswell.Model updating in structural dynamics[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,1993,167(2):374-375.
[39] M.Link.Updating of analytical models-Review of numerical procedures and application aspects[C].In Processing of the Structural Dynamics Forum SD2000,Los Alamos,1999.
[40]刘扬,刘巨保,罗敏.有限元分析及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:111-114.