基于K&C试验的悬架特性分析与试验优化
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摘要
悬架作为汽车的重要总成,其K&C特性对整车性能具有至关重要的影响。本文结合某轿车前麦弗逊悬架,从样车改进设计的角度出发,对悬架K&C特性的有关问题进行探讨。
本文阐述了悬架K&C特性的评价指标,并对悬架K&C特性评价方法进行了介绍。基于某轿车前麦弗逊悬架改进设计的课题,利用悬架K&C试验台测取了该悬架的K&C特性和相关建模参数,基于所测建模参数和其它数据建立了该悬架的虚拟样机模型。根据相关设计要求对模型进行了调整,并对比分析了模型调整前后的运动学特性和弹性运动学特性。针对调整后仍然存在的问题,应用ADAMS/Insight模块,优化了悬架的部分硬点位置,使悬架K&C特性得到了较好的改善。
From the perspective of design improvement of a sample car, this thesis investigates the evaluatioin of suspension K&C characteristic, establishes ex-Mcperson suspension model, simulates and analyzes suspension K&C characteristics before and after adjustment, and optimizes its shortcomings. This paper reads as follows:
1.the evaluation parameters and methods of suspension K&C characteristics
This thesis expatiates the evaluation parameters and mothods of suspension K&C characteristics. The former inculdes 8 aspect: camber angle, toe angle, kingpin inclination angle, inclination moment arm ,caster angle, caster moment ,wheel track and axle track, the parameters affecting the lateral and longitudinal stability of vehicle. This thesis expounds the definition of these evaluation parameters and analyzes its influence to vehicle handling stability. And it sets forth test methods of evaluating suspension K&C characteristics, including parallel wheel travel, opposite wheel travel, single wheel travel, roll and vertical force, static load and steering test.
2. the suspension K&C test
This thesis introduces structural principle, clamping, test methods and test contents of suspension K&C characteristic test rig. The relevant parameters and partial ex-Mcpherson suspension K&C characteristic curve are measured by using suspension K&C test rig. This test consists of partial suspension kinematics characteristic in parallel and opposite wheel travel and patial compliance characteristics when loading longitudinal force, lateral force and aligning torque, and measure wheel alignment and other suspension modeling parameters.
3. the build of suspension system virtual prototype model
Based on the basic test parameters and relevant modeling data of ex-McPherson suspension of the sample car, the virtual prototype model of this suspension is built by making use of ADAMS/CAR module. It works out hard point space coordinates of the suspension, analyzes topology of McPherson suspension framework, builds the virtual prototype model of suspension and steering system, and assemblies suspension system, steering system and suspension virtual test rig to get the virtual prototype model with characteristics of stimulated and analyzed suspension K&C. Through adjustments of model parameters, the characteristics of K&C before and after adjustment can be analyzed, which lays a foundation for the analysis of the model in the next chapter.
4. Suspension K & C Properties Simulation Analysis Model
According to the requirements of the relevant design, some of the model parameters have been adjusted, on the basis of which, K&C characteristic simulation before and after the adjustment is done. K&C characteristic simulation includes parallel wheel travel test and static loading test. This thesis analyzes the K&C characteristic before and after the adjustment of the suspension model. They are kinematic characteristics of camber angle, toe angle and wheel track caused by wheel travel, compliance characteristics of ooe angle, wheel track and camber angle, roll and roll rate caused by lateral force, compliance characteristics of Camber angle, toe angle, wheel track and anti drive caused by vertical force, compliance characteristics of Roll camber coefficient, roll steer coefficient and steer angle caused by lateral and vertical force. The results show that: after adjustment, the majority of suspension K&C characteristic is satisfied, but the changes of toe angle, camber angle and wheel track are still large.
5. The Optimization Analysis of Test Suspension System
Focusing on the problems that toe angle, camber angle and wheel track alters evidently in the simulation results in the fifth chapter, the thesis optimizes some coordinates of the suspension hard-points with ADAMS/Insight. Then it pointes out that the three coordinates of hard-points influence on suspension kinematics characteristics such as toe angle, camber angle and other parameters, and confirmes a better coordinate location. According to the optimized results, the thesis adjustes the suspension model and performes the simulations, and then makes a comparitive analysis in kinematics characteristics before and after the optimized suspension through parallel wheel travel test. The results show that the performance of the optimized suspension is evidently improved.
本文阐述了悬架K&C特性的评价指标,并对悬架K&C特性评价方法进行了介绍。基于某轿车前麦弗逊悬架改进设计的课题,利用悬架K&C试验台测取了该悬架的K&C特性和相关建模参数,基于所测建模参数和其它数据建立了该悬架的虚拟样机模型。根据相关设计要求对模型进行了调整,并对比分析了模型调整前后的运动学特性和弹性运动学特性。针对调整后仍然存在的问题,应用ADAMS/Insight模块,优化了悬架的部分硬点位置,使悬架K&C特性得到了较好的改善。
From the perspective of design improvement of a sample car, this thesis investigates the evaluatioin of suspension K&C characteristic, establishes ex-Mcperson suspension model, simulates and analyzes suspension K&C characteristics before and after adjustment, and optimizes its shortcomings. This paper reads as follows:
1.the evaluation parameters and methods of suspension K&C characteristics
This thesis expatiates the evaluation parameters and mothods of suspension K&C characteristics. The former inculdes 8 aspect: camber angle, toe angle, kingpin inclination angle, inclination moment arm ,caster angle, caster moment ,wheel track and axle track, the parameters affecting the lateral and longitudinal stability of vehicle. This thesis expounds the definition of these evaluation parameters and analyzes its influence to vehicle handling stability. And it sets forth test methods of evaluating suspension K&C characteristics, including parallel wheel travel, opposite wheel travel, single wheel travel, roll and vertical force, static load and steering test.
2. the suspension K&C test
This thesis introduces structural principle, clamping, test methods and test contents of suspension K&C characteristic test rig. The relevant parameters and partial ex-Mcpherson suspension K&C characteristic curve are measured by using suspension K&C test rig. This test consists of partial suspension kinematics characteristic in parallel and opposite wheel travel and patial compliance characteristics when loading longitudinal force, lateral force and aligning torque, and measure wheel alignment and other suspension modeling parameters.
3. the build of suspension system virtual prototype model
Based on the basic test parameters and relevant modeling data of ex-McPherson suspension of the sample car, the virtual prototype model of this suspension is built by making use of ADAMS/CAR module. It works out hard point space coordinates of the suspension, analyzes topology of McPherson suspension framework, builds the virtual prototype model of suspension and steering system, and assemblies suspension system, steering system and suspension virtual test rig to get the virtual prototype model with characteristics of stimulated and analyzed suspension K&C. Through adjustments of model parameters, the characteristics of K&C before and after adjustment can be analyzed, which lays a foundation for the analysis of the model in the next chapter.
4. Suspension K & C Properties Simulation Analysis Model
According to the requirements of the relevant design, some of the model parameters have been adjusted, on the basis of which, K&C characteristic simulation before and after the adjustment is done. K&C characteristic simulation includes parallel wheel travel test and static loading test. This thesis analyzes the K&C characteristic before and after the adjustment of the suspension model. They are kinematic characteristics of camber angle, toe angle and wheel track caused by wheel travel, compliance characteristics of ooe angle, wheel track and camber angle, roll and roll rate caused by lateral force, compliance characteristics of Camber angle, toe angle, wheel track and anti drive caused by vertical force, compliance characteristics of Roll camber coefficient, roll steer coefficient and steer angle caused by lateral and vertical force. The results show that: after adjustment, the majority of suspension K&C characteristic is satisfied, but the changes of toe angle, camber angle and wheel track are still large.
5. The Optimization Analysis of Test Suspension System
Focusing on the problems that toe angle, camber angle and wheel track alters evidently in the simulation results in the fifth chapter, the thesis optimizes some coordinates of the suspension hard-points with ADAMS/Insight. Then it pointes out that the three coordinates of hard-points influence on suspension kinematics characteristics such as toe angle, camber angle and other parameters, and confirmes a better coordinate location. According to the optimized results, the thesis adjustes the suspension model and performes the simulations, and then makes a comparitive analysis in kinematics characteristics before and after the optimized suspension through parallel wheel travel test. The results show that the performance of the optimized suspension is evidently improved.
引文
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[3] 杨树凯.独立悬架性能评价指标与评价方法及其在双横臂与多连杆式悬架上的仿真实现[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005.05
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[5] 隋震宇.Santana 轿车前悬架弹性运动学特性的 ADAMS 建模与仿真[D].吉林硕士学位论文,2002.06
[6] 喻凡,林逸.汽车系统动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
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[8] Peter Holdmann,Philip Kohn and Bertram Moller. Suspension Kinematics and Compliance Measuring and Simulation[C]// SAE paper, 980897
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[23] Joonhong Park, Dennis A.Guenther, Gary J. Heydinger. Kinematic Suspension Model Applicable to Dynamic Full Vehicle Simulation[C]// SAE Paper, 2003-01-0859
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[30] 郑建荣.ADAMS 虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[31] 悬架系统模拟测试[J].汽车制造业,2005 年第 4 期
[32] 李志魁.基于 CarSim 的整车动力学建模与操纵稳定性仿真分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.05
[33] 王蠡.汽车悬架 K&C 特性的试验研究与性能分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.05
[34] 悬架 K&C 特性与刚度特性试验报告[R].吉林大学汽车动态模拟国家重点实验室底盘控制组,2007.08
[35] 宋传学,蔡章林.基于 ADAMS/CAR 的双横臂独立悬架建模与仿真[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2004(4)
[36] 郭孔辉.汽车前轮定位及其影响因素[J].长春:长春汽车研究所 1990 年学术交流会优秀论文集,1990
[37] 李臣,司景萍.基于 ADAMS/Car 的麦弗逊悬架建模与仿真[J].公路与汽运,2007.05 第 3 期
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[43] MSC.Software. Getting Started Using ADAMS/Car. 2005
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[45] 凌雯,余卓平,江浩.ADAMS 在悬架运动学和弹性运动学仿真中的应用[J].上海铁道大学学报,2000 第 21 卷第 6 期
[46] 杨树凯,宋传学,吴仕赋,姬鹏.多连杆悬架与双横臂悬架运动学和弹性运动学特性分析[J].设计·计算·研究,2006.12
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[52] 王承,高世杰,廖芳.结合 K&C 台架试验和道路试验的汽车操纵稳定性研究[J].传动技术,2006 第 20 卷第 1 期
[53] 魏宏,徐韵锋.车桥运动学特性分析和应用[J].上海汽车,2007.01
[54] MSC.Software. Getting Started Using ADAMS/Insight. 2005
[2] 余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[3] 杨树凯.独立悬架性能评价指标与评价方法及其在双横臂与多连杆式悬架上的仿真实现[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005.05
[4] 蔡章林.基于 VPD 技术的悬架设计及整车试验优化[D].吉林大学博士学位论文,2007.04
[5] 隋震宇.Santana 轿车前悬架弹性运动学特性的 ADAMS 建模与仿真[D].吉林硕士学位论文,2002.06
[6] 喻凡,林逸.汽车系统动力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[7] Cai Zhanglin,Song Chuanxue,An Xiaojuan. Virtual Simulation Research on Vehicle Ride Comfort[C]// SAE paper, 2006-01-3499
[8] Peter Holdmann,Philip Kohn and Bertram Moller. Suspension Kinematics and Compliance Measuring and Simulation[C]// SAE paper, 980897
[9] Thomas D. Gillespie. Fundamental of Vehicle Dynamics[J]. Society of Automotive Engineer Inc, 2002
[10] 张越今.多体动力学在轿车动力学仿真及优化研究的中的应用[D].清华大学博士学位论文,1997.11
[11] 张越今.汽车多体动力学及计算机仿真[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1998.12
[12] [德]耶尔森.赖姆帕尔,王瑄译.悬架元件及底盘力学[M].长春:吉林科技出版社,1991
[13] 宗长富,郭孔辉.汽车操纵稳定性的客观定量评价指标[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报,第 30 卷第 1 期,2000.01
[14] 宗长富,郭孔辉.汽车操纵稳定性的主观评价[J].汽车工程,第 22 卷第 5期,2000
[15] 宗长富,郭孔辉.汽车操纵稳定性的研究与评价[J].汽车技术,第 6 期,2000
[16] 宗长富,郭孔辉,李铂.汽车操纵稳定性的理论预测与综合评价[J].汽车工程,第 23 卷第 1 期,2001
[17] 马涛锋,薛念文,李仲兴,周孔亢.对汽车操纵稳定性的影响因素分析及对操纵稳定性的研究评价[J].机械设计与制造,第 4 期,2005.04
[18] 姬鹏,孙振军,崔国华.ADAMS 在汽车操纵稳定性评价中的应用[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2006 年第 5 期,2006
[19] 伊鸿慧,许沧粟.车辆操纵稳定性评价方法及其在车辆基本结构参数设计中的应用[J].机械设计与制造,第 11 期,2006.11
[20] M.米奇克著,陈荫三译.汽车动力学[M].北京:人民交通出版社
[21] 耶尔森.赖姆帕尔.汽车底盘基础[M].科学普及出版社,1992
[22] 郭孔辉.汽车操纵动力学[M].吉林科学技术出版社,1991
[23] Joonhong Park, Dennis A.Guenther, Gary J. Heydinger. Kinematic Suspension Model Applicable to Dynamic Full Vehicle Simulation[C]// SAE Paper, 2003-01-0859
[24] Arun Kumar Chandrasekaran,Giorgio Rizzoni,Ahmed Soliman,John Josephson,Mark Carroll. Design Optimization of Heavy Vehicles by DynamicSimulations[C]// SAE Paper, 2002-01-3061
[25] Mohammad Durali, Ali Reza Kassaiezadeh. Design and Software Base Modeling of Anti-Roll System[C]// SAE Paper, 2002-01-2217
[26] 李军,刑俊文,覃文洁等编.ADAMS 实例教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002.07
[27] 石博强,申焱华,宁晓斌,李跃娟编著.ADAMS 基础与工程范例教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.11
[28] 郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民等编著.ADAMS2005 机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.01
[29] 范建成,熊光明,周明飞等编著.虚拟样机软件 MSC.ADAMS 应用与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.09
[30] 郑建荣.ADAMS 虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[31] 悬架系统模拟测试[J].汽车制造业,2005 年第 4 期
[32] 李志魁.基于 CarSim 的整车动力学建模与操纵稳定性仿真分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.05
[33] 王蠡.汽车悬架 K&C 特性的试验研究与性能分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.05
[34] 悬架 K&C 特性与刚度特性试验报告[R].吉林大学汽车动态模拟国家重点实验室底盘控制组,2007.08
[35] 宋传学,蔡章林.基于 ADAMS/CAR 的双横臂独立悬架建模与仿真[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2004(4)
[36] 郭孔辉.汽车前轮定位及其影响因素[J].长春:长春汽车研究所 1990 年学术交流会优秀论文集,1990
[37] 李臣,司景萍.基于 ADAMS/Car 的麦弗逊悬架建模与仿真[J].公路与汽运,2007.05 第 3 期
[38] 玄圣夷.专家系统在麦弗逊悬架设计中的应用研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2007.05
[39] 汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册基础篇[M].2001.05
[40] 汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册设计篇[M].2001.05
[41] 长春汽车研究所.汽车设计手册[M].1997.01
[42] 刘维信.汽车设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[43] MSC.Software. Getting Started Using ADAMS/Car. 2005
[44] MSC.Software. Getting Started Using ADAMS/View. 2005
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