近距离平行隧道盾构施工对老隧道影响的数值模拟
|
摘要
在城市地铁工程的修建中,盾构法隧道施工技术以其独有的智能化、安全、快捷等特点与优势,越来越得到广泛的推广和应用。盾构法己成为我国城市地铁施工中一种重要的施工方法。虽然盾构法取得了斐然成绩,但此法施工不可避免地引起地表沉降,地表沉降过大时,会影响到盾构隧道的安全施工和地表建筑物的正常使用。由施工引起的地面沉降及其对周围环境的影响是盾构隧道设计和施工中非常关心的问题。
有限元法是计算盾构隧道开挖的重要方法。本文从数学与力学研究方法入手,开展了盾构施工引起土体变形的三维有限元数值计算的研究;根据工程实际,综合考虑盾构隧道施工过程中的材料非线性、盾尾建筑空隙、盾构密封舱内土压力、土体与衬砌结构的相互作用等因素,利用有限元方法对盾构隧道动态开挖过程进行模拟。
本文以天津地铁某区间盾构施工为背景,建立了盾构法隧道施工的三维有限元分析模型,针对近距离双线平行的多种工况采用ABAQUS程序进行了数值模拟分析,揭示了在盾构新隧道施工时对既有隧道产生的影响,包括地表沉降、老隧道的应力分布和衬砌变形等。结果表明,土体的模量、隧道间净距、注浆压力等因素对隧道间相互作用有较大影响,且土体越软其影响越显著,应在工程中引起足够的重视。
Tunnel construction technology with shield driven method is being more and more developed and applied in building Metro engineering because of its' unique characteristics and advantages such as intelligence, safety and quickness, etc. The shield driving method has been one of the main construction methods in the metro engineering of our country. Though shield driven method has obtained splendid achievements, it is inevitably caused ground surface settlement. This will affect the normal use and the safe running of the shield tunnel and the ground surface building while the ground surface settlement is too much.The surface settlements and influence on surrounding environment caused by shield tunnelling are the problems highly concerned in the design and construction process of shield tunnel.
The finite element method is the main method of tunnel excavating. In this paper, three-dimensional Finite Element Method is applied to study the ground deformation by shield driven. According to the real engineering, the author bring forward a 3D model to simulate the tunnel excavating by means of the finite element method. The key factors such as the soil conditions of Tianjin area, the nonlinearity of soil material and the structure void of shield and the interaction between the gasket and soil also been taken into account in this 3D model.
Based on a subway project in Tianjin, three-dimensional finite element analysis is carried out to simulate double-tube parallel tunnels with short distance between them. In this paper ABAQUS is used to analyze several projects. The laws of influence on the old tunnel and ground face settlement caused by the construction of the new tunnel are obtained. The results show that the modulus of soil and the net distance between the tunnels and the grouting pressure have great influence on the interaction. The softer the soil is, the more severe the influence is, which should be considered in projects.
有限元法是计算盾构隧道开挖的重要方法。本文从数学与力学研究方法入手,开展了盾构施工引起土体变形的三维有限元数值计算的研究;根据工程实际,综合考虑盾构隧道施工过程中的材料非线性、盾尾建筑空隙、盾构密封舱内土压力、土体与衬砌结构的相互作用等因素,利用有限元方法对盾构隧道动态开挖过程进行模拟。
本文以天津地铁某区间盾构施工为背景,建立了盾构法隧道施工的三维有限元分析模型,针对近距离双线平行的多种工况采用ABAQUS程序进行了数值模拟分析,揭示了在盾构新隧道施工时对既有隧道产生的影响,包括地表沉降、老隧道的应力分布和衬砌变形等。结果表明,土体的模量、隧道间净距、注浆压力等因素对隧道间相互作用有较大影响,且土体越软其影响越显著,应在工程中引起足够的重视。
Tunnel construction technology with shield driven method is being more and more developed and applied in building Metro engineering because of its' unique characteristics and advantages such as intelligence, safety and quickness, etc. The shield driving method has been one of the main construction methods in the metro engineering of our country. Though shield driven method has obtained splendid achievements, it is inevitably caused ground surface settlement. This will affect the normal use and the safe running of the shield tunnel and the ground surface building while the ground surface settlement is too much.The surface settlements and influence on surrounding environment caused by shield tunnelling are the problems highly concerned in the design and construction process of shield tunnel.
The finite element method is the main method of tunnel excavating. In this paper, three-dimensional Finite Element Method is applied to study the ground deformation by shield driven. According to the real engineering, the author bring forward a 3D model to simulate the tunnel excavating by means of the finite element method. The key factors such as the soil conditions of Tianjin area, the nonlinearity of soil material and the structure void of shield and the interaction between the gasket and soil also been taken into account in this 3D model.
Based on a subway project in Tianjin, three-dimensional finite element analysis is carried out to simulate double-tube parallel tunnels with short distance between them. In this paper ABAQUS is used to analyze several projects. The laws of influence on the old tunnel and ground face settlement caused by the construction of the new tunnel are obtained. The results show that the modulus of soil and the net distance between the tunnels and the grouting pressure have great influence on the interaction. The softer the soil is, the more severe the influence is, which should be considered in projects.
引文
[1]尹旅超等,日本隧道盾构新技术,华中理工大学出版,1999,23-108.
[2]刘建航,候学渊,盾构法隧道,北京:中国铁道出版社,1991,43-320.
[3]K.M.LEE,R.K.ROWE, An analysis for three-dimensional ground movements :the Thunder Bay tunnel, Canada Geotech,1991,J.28:25-41.
[4]R.K.ROWE,K.M.LEE, An evaluation of simplified techniques for estimating three-dimensional undrained ground movements due to tunneling in soft soils, Canada Geotech.J.29.39-52(1992).
[5]T. D.奥罗克主编,《隧道衬砌设计指南》,中国铁道出版社,1987:60
[6]朱忠隆,软土盾构法隧道施工变形的数值解析与智能方法研究:[博士学位论文],上海;同济大学,2002.
[7]华学新,周文波.超大型泥水平衡盾构施工参数及地面沉降控制研究综述.交通工程科技.1999 (3 ): 6-8.
[8] Peck R B,Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground[A].Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C] Mexico City:State of the Art Report,1969.225-290.
[9]章为民,窦宜.土工离心模拟技术的发展.南京水利科学研究院.水利水运科学研究1995 ( 3 ).
[10]易宏伟,孙钧,盾构施工对软粘土的扰动机理分析,同济大学学报,1999,28(6),277-281.
[11]朱合华,丁文其等,盾构隧道施工过程模拟分析,岩石力学与工程学报,1999, 18:860-864.
[12]Zhang Mi&Pan jieliang, An Expert system of Predicting and Preventing Surface settlement Caused by shield driven tunnelling in city, Proceedings of the international conference,89 on expert systems in Engineering Applications, HuaZhong university of science and Technology press,1989.
[13]Chungsik Yoo, Finite-element Analysis of Tunnel Face Reinforced by Longitudinal Pipes, Computers and Geotechnics, 2002, 29:73-94 .
[14]G.Swoboda, A.Abu-Krisha, Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling for TBM Tunnelling in Consolidated Clay, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1999,14(8): 327-333.
[15]X.Y.Lei, G.Swoboda, G.Zenz, Application of Contact-Friction Interface Element to Tunnel Excavation in Faulted Rock, Computers and Geotechnics, 1995, 17:349-370.
[16]Finno,R.J., Clough,G.W., Evaluation of Soil Response to EPB Shield Tunnelling, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1985, 111(2):157-173.
[17]C.Gonzalez, C.Sagaseta, Patterns of Soil Deformations Around Tunnels Application to the Extension of Madrid Metro, Computers and Geotechnics, 2001,28: 445–468.
[18]C.Y.Kim, G.J.Bae, S.W. Hong, C.H.Park, H.K.Moon, H.S.Shin, Neural Network Based Prediction of Ground Surface Settlements Due to Tunnelling, Computers and Geotechnics, 2001, 28:517–547.
[19]S.Bernat, B.Cambou, Soil-structure Interaction in Shield Tunnelling in Soft Soil, Computers and Geotechnics, 1998, 22(4): 221-242.
[20]C.B.M.Blom, E.J.van der Horst, P.S.Jovanovic, Three-dimensional Structure Analyses of the Shield-Driven“Green Heart”Tunnel of the High-Speed Line South, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1999, 14(2): 217-224.
[21]In-Mo, Leea, Dong-Hyun Kim, Parameter Estimation Using Extended Bayesian Method in Tunnelling, Computers and Geotechnics, 1999, 24:109-124.
[22]Chi-Te Chang, Chieh-Wen Sun, S.W.Duann, Response of a Taipei Rapid Transit System (TRTS) Tunnel to Adjacent Excavation, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001,16:151-158.
[23]Marta Dolezalova, Tunnel complex unloaded by a deep excavation, Computers and Geotechnics, 2001, 28:469-493.
[24]O.Y.Ezzeldine, Estimation of the Surface Displacement Field due to Construction of Cairo Metro Line EI Khalafawy-St.Therese, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1999, 14(3): 267-279.
[25]Shue-Yeong Chi, Jin-Ching Chern, Chin-Cheng Lin, Optimized Back-Analysis for Tunnelling-Induced Ground Movement Using Equivalent Ground Loss Model. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001, 16:159-165.
[26]卓家寿,章青.不连续介质力学问题的界面元法科学出版社.2000
[27]阳军生,刘宝深.城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.中国铁道出版社.2002.
[28]钱家欢,殷宗泽,土工原理与设计(第二版),北京,中国水利水电出版社,1994.
[29]《工程地质手册》编写组.工程地质手册第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.
[30]Duncan J. M., and Chang C. Y. (1970). Nonlinear analysis of stress-strain for soils. Proc.ASCE,Vo1.96, SM5.
[31]Duncan J. M., Byrne P, Wong K. S,and Mabry P. (1980). Strength, stress-strain and bulk modulus parameters for finite element analysis of stresses and movements in soil masses.Report No. UCB/CT/80-01.
[32]Kondner R. L. (1963). Hyperbolic stress-strain response: cohesive soils. Proc.ASCE,Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Div., Vol.89(1).
[33]Janbu, N. (1963). Soil compressibility as determined by Oedometer and triaxial tests. Proc.European Conf. on Soil Mech.&Foud. Engrg.
[34]Drucker D. C., and Prager W. (1952). Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design, Q,Appl. Math. 10
[35]Gudehus G. (1973). Elastoplastische stoffgleichungen fur trockenen sand, Ingenieur-Archiv,42.
[36]Argyris J. H., Faust G.,Szimmat J., Warnke E. P., and William K. J. (1973). Recent developments in the finite element analysis of PCRV, 2nd Int. Conf. SMTRT, Berlin,l973.
[37]郑颖人,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学基础.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[38]俞茂宏.双剪理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[39]龚晓南.土塑性力学(第二版).杭州:浙江大学出版社,1999.
[40]易宏伟.盾构施工对土体扰动与地层移动影响的研究,同济大学博十论文,1999.
[41]崔俊芝.计算机辅助工程(CAE)的现在和将来.计算机辅助设计与制造,2000 (6) : 3-7
[42]HKS inc. Getting Started with ABAQUS/Standard;Interactive Version, Hibbitt,Karlsson&Sorensen. USA.
[43]Zienkiewicz O. C., Taylor R. L. The Finite Element Method, Vol.l, 2nd ed., New York:McGraw-Hill.
[44]Naylor D. J. (1974). Stresses in nearly incompressible materials by finite elements with application to the calculations of excess pore pressures. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1974(8): 443-460.
[45]吴长春,黄茂光.杂交有限元进展.自然科学进展, 1999, 9(12): 1057-1064.
[46]李强,曾德顺.盾构施工中垂直交叉隧道变形的三维有限元分析.岩土力学,2002,22(3):334-338.
[47]Yamaguchi I Y, Kiritani Y.study of ground tunnel interactions of four shield tunnels driven in close proximity.Tunneling and Underground space Technology,1998;13(3):289-304.
[48]曾小清,曹志远.半解析数值法在地铁工程双线隧道分析中的应用.工程力学,1998,15(1):46-52.
[49]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003-2004) .北京.中国铁道出版社,1992.
[50]张海波,殷宗泽,朱俊高.近距离叠交隧道盾构施工对老隧道影响的数值模拟.岩土力学.2005,26(2):282-286.
[51]陈先国,高波.地铁近距离平行隧道有限元数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,2l(9):1330-l334.
[52]陈先国,王显军.近距离重叠隧道的二维和三维有限元分析.西南交通大学学报. 2003,38(6):643-646.
[53]王敏强,陈胜宏.盾构推进过程结构三维非线性有限元仿真.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):228-232.
[2]刘建航,候学渊,盾构法隧道,北京:中国铁道出版社,1991,43-320.
[3]K.M.LEE,R.K.ROWE, An analysis for three-dimensional ground movements :the Thunder Bay tunnel, Canada Geotech,1991,J.28:25-41.
[4]R.K.ROWE,K.M.LEE, An evaluation of simplified techniques for estimating three-dimensional undrained ground movements due to tunneling in soft soils, Canada Geotech.J.29.39-52(1992).
[5]T. D.奥罗克主编,《隧道衬砌设计指南》,中国铁道出版社,1987:60
[6]朱忠隆,软土盾构法隧道施工变形的数值解析与智能方法研究:[博士学位论文],上海;同济大学,2002.
[7]华学新,周文波.超大型泥水平衡盾构施工参数及地面沉降控制研究综述.交通工程科技.1999 (3 ): 6-8.
[8] Peck R B,Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground[A].Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C] Mexico City:State of the Art Report,1969.225-290.
[9]章为民,窦宜.土工离心模拟技术的发展.南京水利科学研究院.水利水运科学研究1995 ( 3 ).
[10]易宏伟,孙钧,盾构施工对软粘土的扰动机理分析,同济大学学报,1999,28(6),277-281.
[11]朱合华,丁文其等,盾构隧道施工过程模拟分析,岩石力学与工程学报,1999, 18:860-864.
[12]Zhang Mi&Pan jieliang, An Expert system of Predicting and Preventing Surface settlement Caused by shield driven tunnelling in city, Proceedings of the international conference,89 on expert systems in Engineering Applications, HuaZhong university of science and Technology press,1989.
[13]Chungsik Yoo, Finite-element Analysis of Tunnel Face Reinforced by Longitudinal Pipes, Computers and Geotechnics, 2002, 29:73-94 .
[14]G.Swoboda, A.Abu-Krisha, Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling for TBM Tunnelling in Consolidated Clay, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1999,14(8): 327-333.
[15]X.Y.Lei, G.Swoboda, G.Zenz, Application of Contact-Friction Interface Element to Tunnel Excavation in Faulted Rock, Computers and Geotechnics, 1995, 17:349-370.
[16]Finno,R.J., Clough,G.W., Evaluation of Soil Response to EPB Shield Tunnelling, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1985, 111(2):157-173.
[17]C.Gonzalez, C.Sagaseta, Patterns of Soil Deformations Around Tunnels Application to the Extension of Madrid Metro, Computers and Geotechnics, 2001,28: 445–468.
[18]C.Y.Kim, G.J.Bae, S.W. Hong, C.H.Park, H.K.Moon, H.S.Shin, Neural Network Based Prediction of Ground Surface Settlements Due to Tunnelling, Computers and Geotechnics, 2001, 28:517–547.
[19]S.Bernat, B.Cambou, Soil-structure Interaction in Shield Tunnelling in Soft Soil, Computers and Geotechnics, 1998, 22(4): 221-242.
[20]C.B.M.Blom, E.J.van der Horst, P.S.Jovanovic, Three-dimensional Structure Analyses of the Shield-Driven“Green Heart”Tunnel of the High-Speed Line South, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1999, 14(2): 217-224.
[21]In-Mo, Leea, Dong-Hyun Kim, Parameter Estimation Using Extended Bayesian Method in Tunnelling, Computers and Geotechnics, 1999, 24:109-124.
[22]Chi-Te Chang, Chieh-Wen Sun, S.W.Duann, Response of a Taipei Rapid Transit System (TRTS) Tunnel to Adjacent Excavation, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001,16:151-158.
[23]Marta Dolezalova, Tunnel complex unloaded by a deep excavation, Computers and Geotechnics, 2001, 28:469-493.
[24]O.Y.Ezzeldine, Estimation of the Surface Displacement Field due to Construction of Cairo Metro Line EI Khalafawy-St.Therese, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1999, 14(3): 267-279.
[25]Shue-Yeong Chi, Jin-Ching Chern, Chin-Cheng Lin, Optimized Back-Analysis for Tunnelling-Induced Ground Movement Using Equivalent Ground Loss Model. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001, 16:159-165.
[26]卓家寿,章青.不连续介质力学问题的界面元法科学出版社.2000
[27]阳军生,刘宝深.城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.中国铁道出版社.2002.
[28]钱家欢,殷宗泽,土工原理与设计(第二版),北京,中国水利水电出版社,1994.
[29]《工程地质手册》编写组.工程地质手册第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982.
[30]Duncan J. M., and Chang C. Y. (1970). Nonlinear analysis of stress-strain for soils. Proc.ASCE,Vo1.96, SM5.
[31]Duncan J. M., Byrne P, Wong K. S,and Mabry P. (1980). Strength, stress-strain and bulk modulus parameters for finite element analysis of stresses and movements in soil masses.Report No. UCB/CT/80-01.
[32]Kondner R. L. (1963). Hyperbolic stress-strain response: cohesive soils. Proc.ASCE,Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Div., Vol.89(1).
[33]Janbu, N. (1963). Soil compressibility as determined by Oedometer and triaxial tests. Proc.European Conf. on Soil Mech.&Foud. Engrg.
[34]Drucker D. C., and Prager W. (1952). Soil mechanics and plastic analysis or limit design, Q,Appl. Math. 10
[35]Gudehus G. (1973). Elastoplastische stoffgleichungen fur trockenen sand, Ingenieur-Archiv,42.
[36]Argyris J. H., Faust G.,Szimmat J., Warnke E. P., and William K. J. (1973). Recent developments in the finite element analysis of PCRV, 2nd Int. Conf. SMTRT, Berlin,l973.
[37]郑颖人,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学基础.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[38]俞茂宏.双剪理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1998.
[39]龚晓南.土塑性力学(第二版).杭州:浙江大学出版社,1999.
[40]易宏伟.盾构施工对土体扰动与地层移动影响的研究,同济大学博十论文,1999.
[41]崔俊芝.计算机辅助工程(CAE)的现在和将来.计算机辅助设计与制造,2000 (6) : 3-7
[42]HKS inc. Getting Started with ABAQUS/Standard;Interactive Version, Hibbitt,Karlsson&Sorensen. USA.
[43]Zienkiewicz O. C., Taylor R. L. The Finite Element Method, Vol.l, 2nd ed., New York:McGraw-Hill.
[44]Naylor D. J. (1974). Stresses in nearly incompressible materials by finite elements with application to the calculations of excess pore pressures. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1974(8): 443-460.
[45]吴长春,黄茂光.杂交有限元进展.自然科学进展, 1999, 9(12): 1057-1064.
[46]李强,曾德顺.盾构施工中垂直交叉隧道变形的三维有限元分析.岩土力学,2002,22(3):334-338.
[47]Yamaguchi I Y, Kiritani Y.study of ground tunnel interactions of four shield tunnels driven in close proximity.Tunneling and Underground space Technology,1998;13(3):289-304.
[48]曾小清,曹志远.半解析数值法在地铁工程双线隧道分析中的应用.工程力学,1998,15(1):46-52.
[49]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.铁路隧道设计规范(TB10003-2004) .北京.中国铁道出版社,1992.
[50]张海波,殷宗泽,朱俊高.近距离叠交隧道盾构施工对老隧道影响的数值模拟.岩土力学.2005,26(2):282-286.
[51]陈先国,高波.地铁近距离平行隧道有限元数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,2l(9):1330-l334.
[52]陈先国,王显军.近距离重叠隧道的二维和三维有限元分析.西南交通大学学报. 2003,38(6):643-646.
[53]王敏强,陈胜宏.盾构推进过程结构三维非线性有限元仿真.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):228-232.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |