村镇砌体结构新型抗震与隔震技术研究
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摘要
汶川、玉树地震，村镇建筑破坏倒塌严重，研发村镇建筑新型抗震与隔震结构已成为工程界十分关注和亟待解决的问题。本文提出了两种适于村镇建筑的抗震结构和一种基础滑移隔震结构，并均已获得国家发明专利。针对所提出的村镇建筑抗震与隔震结构，进行了低周反复荷载下结构抗震性能试验研究和模拟地震振动台试验研究，基于试验建立了相应的受力分析理论模型，给出了抗震设计实用技术。本文的主要贡献：
1.提出了一种新型混凝土砌块抗震结构。进行了2个带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块墙体和2个普通混凝土砌块墙体低周反复荷载下的抗震性能对比试验研究，对比分析了各墙体的承载力、刚度及其衰减过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力和破坏特征。进行了1个带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块结构和1个普通混凝土砌块结构的模拟地震振动试验研究，分析了其地震反应，给出了其动力特性退化规律。
2.提出了一种新型带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体抗震结构。完成了8个不同设计参数的带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖墙体与普通再生混凝土砖墙体抗震性能比较试验研究，对比分析了各墙体的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性与耗能和破坏特征。完成了1个带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体结构和1个对比的普通再生混凝土砖砌体结构的模拟地震振动台试验研究，揭示了其动力特性退化机理。
3.提出了一种新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构。研发了由上下基础梁、基础梁间设置耐久性较好且摩擦系数较小的玻璃丝布-石墨-玻璃丝布复合隔震层、上下基础梁之间的限位装置构成的基础滑移隔震系统。进行了1个新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构和1个普通抗震构造的砌块结构的模拟地震振动台试验研究。对比分析了它们的地震反应和破坏全过程，揭示了新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构的工作机理。
4、基于试验，建立了所提出的带构造孔新型混凝土砌块抗震结构、带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体抗震结构的理论分析模型，进行了非线性有限元分析，揭示了其抗震与隔震机理，计算结果与实测符合较好。给出了实用抗震和隔震设计方法与构造措施。
主要结论：
（1）所提出的带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块墙体滞回环饱满，抗震性能较好；带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块房屋，在动力荷载作用下，刚度退化慢，位移反应小，具有较强的抗震性能。
（2）所提出的带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体比普通再生混凝土砖砌体抗震性能显著提高。
（3）所提出的新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构，隔震效果良好。
（4）所提出的计算模型和抗震与隔震设计方法简便适用。
Rural buildings were severely damaged in Wen-chuan and Yu-shu earthquake. Toresearch and develop a new kind of anti-seismic structure and base-isolation structure forrural area has become a problem concerned by the engineering. Two kinds of anti-seismicstructure and one kind of base-isolation structure have been proposed and patented by theState Intellectual Property Office of China. In order to ascertain the seismic performance ofthe structures, the cyclic loading test study of the models constructed with the newanti-seismic technology has been carried out. The shaking table test study of the modelsconstructed with the new base-isolation technology has been carried out as well.Mechanical models and anti-seismic practical technology measures were proposed basedon the test. Main contributions are listed as follows:
1. A new anti-seismic structure made of new style concrete block has been proposed.The low cyclic loading test study of2masonry walls with the new style concrete block and2normal masonry walls has been carried out. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness andstiffness degradation, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and failure characteristics of themodels have been comparatively analyzed according to the test. The load-bearing capacityformula of the models has been established. One masonry structure model made of the newstyle heat preservation and load bearing block and one normal model have been tested onthe shaking table. The earthquake response has been analyzed and the dynamiccharacteristics deterioration law of the models has been given.
2. A new anti-seismic structure made of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) block wallwith constructional steel bars has been proposed. The experimental study of eight wallmodels with different design parameters has been carried out. The load-bearing capacity,stiffness and stiffness degradation, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and failurecharacteristics of the models were comparatively analyzed according to the test. Theload-bearing capacity formula of the models was proposed in this paper. One masonrystructure model made of RAC blocks and constructional steel bars and one normal modelmade of RAC blocks have been tested on the shaking table. The dynamic characteristicsdeterioration law of the models has been revealed in this paper.
3. A new kind of base-isolation masonry structure has been proposed in this paper. Thebase-isolation system includes a lower base beam, a top base beam, a compoundbase-isolation layer which is made of glass fiber cloth panels-graphite-glass fiber clothpanels, and inhibiting devices. One normal concrete block masonry structure with the new base-isolation system and one normal concrete block structure with the conventionalanti-seismic constructional measures have been tested on the shaking table. The models’earthquake response and the failure process have been comparatively analyzed based on thetest. The work mechanism of the base-isolation system has been revealed. Their mechanicalmodels have been proposed in this paper.
4. The calculation model of the masonry structure made of new load-bearing concreteblock wall with constructional columns, the (RAC) brick masonry structure with verticalconstructional steel bars, and the new kind of base-isolation masonry structure have beenestablished. The nonlinear finite element was used to make the analysis. The anti-seismicmechanism and base-isolation mechanism have been revealed. The calculated results andexperiment results were in good agreement. And the practical anti-seismic andbase-isolation design methods and constructional measures have proposed as well.
Main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The proposed masonry structure made of new load-bearing concrete block wallwith constructional columns has the plump hysteretic curves and good seismicperformance.
(2) The seismic performance of the RAC brick masonry structure with verticalconstructional steel bars is improved greatly.
(3) The new kind of base-isolation masonry structure has better isolation performance.
(4) The calculation models and the design methods of anti-seismic and base-isolationare simple and practical.
1.提出了一种新型混凝土砌块抗震结构。进行了2个带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块墙体和2个普通混凝土砌块墙体低周反复荷载下的抗震性能对比试验研究，对比分析了各墙体的承载力、刚度及其衰减过程、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力和破坏特征。进行了1个带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块结构和1个普通混凝土砌块结构的模拟地震振动试验研究，分析了其地震反应，给出了其动力特性退化规律。
2.提出了一种新型带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体抗震结构。完成了8个不同设计参数的带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖墙体与普通再生混凝土砖墙体抗震性能比较试验研究，对比分析了各墙体的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、延性与耗能和破坏特征。完成了1个带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体结构和1个对比的普通再生混凝土砖砌体结构的模拟地震振动台试验研究，揭示了其动力特性退化机理。
3.提出了一种新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构。研发了由上下基础梁、基础梁间设置耐久性较好且摩擦系数较小的玻璃丝布-石墨-玻璃丝布复合隔震层、上下基础梁之间的限位装置构成的基础滑移隔震系统。进行了1个新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构和1个普通抗震构造的砌块结构的模拟地震振动台试验研究。对比分析了它们的地震反应和破坏全过程，揭示了新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构的工作机理。
4、基于试验，建立了所提出的带构造孔新型混凝土砌块抗震结构、带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体抗震结构的理论分析模型，进行了非线性有限元分析，揭示了其抗震与隔震机理，计算结果与实测符合较好。给出了实用抗震和隔震设计方法与构造措施。
主要结论：
（1）所提出的带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块墙体滞回环饱满，抗震性能较好；带构造柱孔新型混凝土砌块房屋，在动力荷载作用下，刚度退化慢，位移反应小，具有较强的抗震性能。
（2）所提出的带竖向构造钢筋再生混凝土砖砌体比普通再生混凝土砖砌体抗震性能显著提高。
（3）所提出的新型基础滑移隔震砌块结构，隔震效果良好。
（4）所提出的计算模型和抗震与隔震设计方法简便适用。
Rural buildings were severely damaged in Wen-chuan and Yu-shu earthquake. Toresearch and develop a new kind of anti-seismic structure and base-isolation structure forrural area has become a problem concerned by the engineering. Two kinds of anti-seismicstructure and one kind of base-isolation structure have been proposed and patented by theState Intellectual Property Office of China. In order to ascertain the seismic performance ofthe structures, the cyclic loading test study of the models constructed with the newanti-seismic technology has been carried out. The shaking table test study of the modelsconstructed with the new base-isolation technology has been carried out as well.Mechanical models and anti-seismic practical technology measures were proposed basedon the test. Main contributions are listed as follows:
1. A new anti-seismic structure made of new style concrete block has been proposed.The low cyclic loading test study of2masonry walls with the new style concrete block and2normal masonry walls has been carried out. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness andstiffness degradation, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and failure characteristics of themodels have been comparatively analyzed according to the test. The load-bearing capacityformula of the models has been established. One masonry structure model made of the newstyle heat preservation and load bearing block and one normal model have been tested onthe shaking table. The earthquake response has been analyzed and the dynamiccharacteristics deterioration law of the models has been given.
2. A new anti-seismic structure made of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) block wallwith constructional steel bars has been proposed. The experimental study of eight wallmodels with different design parameters has been carried out. The load-bearing capacity,stiffness and stiffness degradation, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and failurecharacteristics of the models were comparatively analyzed according to the test. Theload-bearing capacity formula of the models was proposed in this paper. One masonrystructure model made of RAC blocks and constructional steel bars and one normal modelmade of RAC blocks have been tested on the shaking table. The dynamic characteristicsdeterioration law of the models has been revealed in this paper.
3. A new kind of base-isolation masonry structure has been proposed in this paper. Thebase-isolation system includes a lower base beam, a top base beam, a compoundbase-isolation layer which is made of glass fiber cloth panels-graphite-glass fiber clothpanels, and inhibiting devices. One normal concrete block masonry structure with the new base-isolation system and one normal concrete block structure with the conventionalanti-seismic constructional measures have been tested on the shaking table. The models’earthquake response and the failure process have been comparatively analyzed based on thetest. The work mechanism of the base-isolation system has been revealed. Their mechanicalmodels have been proposed in this paper.
4. The calculation model of the masonry structure made of new load-bearing concreteblock wall with constructional columns, the (RAC) brick masonry structure with verticalconstructional steel bars, and the new kind of base-isolation masonry structure have beenestablished. The nonlinear finite element was used to make the analysis. The anti-seismicmechanism and base-isolation mechanism have been revealed. The calculated results andexperiment results were in good agreement. And the practical anti-seismic andbase-isolation design methods and constructional measures have proposed as well.
Main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The proposed masonry structure made of new load-bearing concrete block wallwith constructional columns has the plump hysteretic curves and good seismicperformance.
(2) The seismic performance of the RAC brick masonry structure with verticalconstructional steel bars is improved greatly.
(3) The new kind of base-isolation masonry structure has better isolation performance.
(4) The calculation models and the design methods of anti-seismic and base-isolationare simple and practical.
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