郯庐断裂带中段周边拉张应力场的演变
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摘要
华北克拉通东部在白垩纪至古近纪发生克拉通破坏和岩石圈减薄期间,沿郯庐断裂带中段周边发育了一系列伸展盆地。这给我们提供了一个很好的机会去了解克拉通坏期间伸展应力场的演变规律,进而可以分析克拉通破坏的动力学背景。本论文工作选择华北克拉通东部的郯庐断裂带中段周边白垩-古近纪伸展盆地为研究对象,通过它们沉积中心与格局的变化规律及各期正断层擦痕应力场分析,发现区内早白垩世早-中期为NWW-SEE拉伸,早白垩世晚期为NW-SE拉伸,晚白垩世-古近纪为近N-S拉伸。通过将华北克拉通伸展方向的演变与太平洋区大洋板块运动方向进行对比分析,发现它们之间是相吻合的,即各阶段伸展方向与同时期的大洋板块运动方向是一致的。这反映华北克拉通东部区域拉伸方向的演变受控于太平洋区大洋板块运动,克拉通破坏的动力学背景应为弧后伸展。本次工作所发现的弧后大陆边缘伸展方向和大洋板块运动方向相吻合,支持弧后拉张机制应为板片后退模式。本次工作认为,弧后伸展期间,大洋板块运动方向应平行于海沟后退方向,而后者具体控制了弧后大陆边缘的伸展方向。
The long-term rifting of Cretaceous to Paleogene during craton destruction and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton (NCC) provides a good opportunity to understand evolution of extensional direction and geodynamic setting of the destruction. Cretaceous-Paleogene rift basins around the middle segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone in the eastern NCC were chosen for studies in this work. On the basis of basin depocenter patterns and normal fault slip data, it is shown that the extension experienced an evolution from WNW-ESE extension of the earliest-middle Early Cretaceous, NW-SE extension of the latest Early Cretaceous to nearly N-S extension of the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. Correlation of the extensional directions in the eastern NCC and oceanic plate motions show that they were parallel to each other. It is suggested therefore that the extensional direction evolution was controlled by the oceanic motion and the craton destruction took place under a back-arc spreading setting. The coupling relation between the directions of the overriding plate extension and oceanic plate motion supports the slab rollback model for the back-arc extension. It is proposed that the trench retreat direction generally parallel to the oceanic plate motion directly controls the extension direction in the overriding plate.
The long-term rifting of Cretaceous to Paleogene during craton destruction and lithospheric thinning of the eastern North China Craton (NCC) provides a good opportunity to understand evolution of extensional direction and geodynamic setting of the destruction. Cretaceous-Paleogene rift basins around the middle segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone in the eastern NCC were chosen for studies in this work. On the basis of basin depocenter patterns and normal fault slip data, it is shown that the extension experienced an evolution from WNW-ESE extension of the earliest-middle Early Cretaceous, NW-SE extension of the latest Early Cretaceous to nearly N-S extension of the Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. Correlation of the extensional directions in the eastern NCC and oceanic plate motions show that they were parallel to each other. It is suggested therefore that the extensional direction evolution was controlled by the oceanic motion and the craton destruction took place under a back-arc spreading setting. The coupling relation between the directions of the overriding plate extension and oceanic plate motion supports the slab rollback model for the back-arc extension. It is proposed that the trench retreat direction generally parallel to the oceanic plate motion directly controls the extension direction in the overriding plate.
引文
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[2] Beaman M, Sager W W, Acton G D, et al. Improved Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic paleomagnetic apparent wander parth for the Pacific plate. EPSL, 2007, 262: 1~20.
[3] Carey E. Recherche des directions principales de contraintes associees au jeu d’une population de failles. Rev. Geol. Dyn. Geogr. Phys, 1979, 21: 57~ 66.
[4] Chung S L. Trace element and isotope characterstics of Cenozoic basalts around the Tanlu fault with implications for the eastern plate boundary between north and south China. The Journal of Geology, 1999, 07: 301~312.
[5] Cottrel R D. and Tarduno J A. 2003. A Late Cretaceous pole for the Pacific plate: implications for apparent and true polar wander and the drift of hotsports. Tectonophysics, 2003, 362: 321~333.
[6] Deng J F, Su S G, Niu Y L, Liu C, et al. A possible model for the lithospheric thinning of North China Craton: Evidence from the Yanshanian (Jura-Cretaceous) magmatism and tectonism. Lithos, 2007, 96: 22~35.
[7] Dewey J E. Episodicity, sequence and style at concevtive plate boundaries. In: strangway D W (ed.) The Continental Crust and its Mineral Deposits. Spec. Pap. Geol. Assoc. Can., Toronto, 1980, vol. 20, pp: 553~573.
[8] Elsasser W M. Sea-floor spreading as thermal convection. J. Geophys, 1971, Res, 76: 1101~1112.
[9] Engebretson D C, Cox A and Gorden R G. Relative motions between oceanic and continental plates in the Pacific basin. The Geological Society of America, 1985, Special Paper 206: 1~59.
[10] Gao S, Rudnick R L, Carlson R W, et al. Re-Os evidence for replacement of ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the North China Craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2002, 198: 307~322.
[11] Gilder S A, Leloup P H, Courtillot V, et al. Tectonic evolution of the Tancheng-Liujiang (Tan-Lu) fault via middle Triassic to Early Cenozoic paleomagnetic data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1999, 104(B7): 15365~15390.
[12] Hashima A, Fukahata Y and Matsu’ura M. 3-D simulation of tectonic evolution of the Mariana ara-back-ara system with a coupled model of plate subduction and back-arc spreading. Tectonophysics, 2008, 458: 127~136.
[13] Hsu K J, Li J, Chen I, et al. Tectonic evolution of Qinling Mountains, China.Eclogae. Geol. Helve, 1987, 80: 735~752.
[14] Jiang J P. Cenozoic Kinematics of the Yingkou-Weifang fault Zone in eastern China. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2008, 28(4): 57~64.
[15] Koopers A A P, Morgan J P, Morgan J W, et al. EPSL, 2001, 185: 237~252.
[16] Le Pourhiet, Michael Gurnis and Jason Saleeby. Mantle instability beneath the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California and Death Valley extension. EPSL, 2006, 251: 104~119.
[17] Li X H. Cretaceous magmatism and lithospheric extension in Southeast China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2000, 18: 293~305.
[18] Li Z X. Collision between the North and South China Blacks: A Crustal-detachment model for the suturing in the region east of the Tanlu fault. Geology, 1994, 22: 739~742.
[19] Liu J L, Davis G A, Lin Z Y, et al. The Liaonan metamorphic core complex, Southeastern Liaoning Province, North China: A likely contributor to Cretaceous rotation of Eastern Liaoning, Korea and contiguous areas. Tectonophysics, 2005, 407: 65~80.
[20] Liu M. Cenozoic extension and magmatism in the North American Cordillera: the role of gravitational collapse. Tectonophysics, 2001, 342: 407~433.
[21] Liu S F, Heller P L and Zhang G W. Mesozoic basin development and tectonic evolution of the Dabieshan orogenic belt, central China. Tectonics, 2003, 22(4): 1038.
[22] Maruyama S, Isozaki Y, Kimura G, et al. Paleogeographic maps of the Japanese Islands: plate tectonic synthesis from 750 Ma to the present. The Island Arc,1997, 6: 121~142.
[23] Meng Q R. What drove late Mesozoic extension of the northern China–Mongolia tract? Tectonophysics, 2003, 369: 155~174.
[24] Meng Q R, Li S Y and Li R W. Mesozoic evolution of the Hefei basin in eastern China: sedimentary response to deformations in the adjacent Dabieshan and along the Tanlu fault. GSA Bulletin, 2007, 119: 897~916.
[25] Menzies M, Xu Y G, Zhang H F and Fan W M. Integration of geology, geophysics and geochemistry: A key to understanding the North China Craton. Lithos, 2007, 96: 1~21.
[26] Mercier J L, Hou M J, Vergely P, et al. Structural and stratigraphical constraints on the kinematics history of the Southern Tan–Lu Fault Zone during the Mesozoic Anhui Province, China. Tectonophysics, 2007, 439: 33~66.
[27] Molnar P and Atwater T. Interarc spreading and Cordilleran tectonics as alternates related to the age of subducted oceanic lithosphere. EPSL, 1978, 41: 330~340.
[28] Okay, A.I. and Sengor, A.M.C. Evidence for intracontinental thrust related exhumation of the ultra-high-pressure rocks in China. Geology, 1992, 20: 411~414.
[29] Qi J F, Zhou X H, Deng R L, et al. Structural characteristics of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea. Science in China (Series D), 2008, 51(Supp.2): 20~31.
[30] Ren J Y, Tamaki K, Li S T, et al. Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas. Tectonophysics, 2002, 344: 175~205.
[31] Sager W W. Cretaceou paleomagnetic apparent polar wander path for the Pacific plate calculated from Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program basalt cores. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2006, 156: 329~349.
[32] Schellart W P. Subduction zone trench migration: Slab driven or overriding-plate-driven? Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2008, 170: 73~88.
[33] Sokoutis D, Corti G, Bonini M, et al. Modeling the extension of heterogeneous hot lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 2007, 444: 63~79.
[34] Sun W D, Ding X, Hu Y H, et al. The golden transformation of the Cretaceous plate subduction in the west Pacific. EPSL, 2007, 262: 533~542.
[35] Tarduno J A. On the motion of Hawaii and other mantle plumes. Chemical Geology, 2007, 241: 234~247.
[36] Tong H M, Mi R S, Yu T C, et al. The Strike-Slip Tectonics in the Western Liaohe Depression , Bohai Bay Basin. Acta Geologica Sinca, 2008, 82(8): 1017~1026.
[37] Watson M P, Hayward A B, Parkinson D N, et al. Plate tectonic history, basin development and petroleumsource rock deposition onshore China.Marine and Petroleum Geology, 1987, 4: 205~225.
[38] Wu F Y, Lin J Q, Wilde S A, et al. Nature and significance of the Early Cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 233: 103~119.
[39] Xie C L, Zhu G, Niu M L, et al. Geochemistry of Late Mesozoic Volacanic rocks from Chuzhou area and its implicatioon for the lithospheric thinningbeneath the Tan-Lu fault zone. Acta Petrol, 2009, 24: 92~108.
[40] Xu J W, Zhu G, Tong W X, et al. Formation and evolution of the Tancheng-Lujiang wrench fault system: a major shear system to the northern of the Pacific Ocean. Tectonophysics, 1987, 134: 273~310.
[41] Xu Y G. Diachronous lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton and formation of the Daxin’anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament. Lithos, 2007, 96: 281~298.
[42] Yin A and Nie S Y. An indendation model for the North and South China collision and the devolopment of the Tan-Lu and Honam fault system, eastern Asia. Tectonics, 12(4): 801~813.
[43] Zhai M G, Fan Q C, Zhang H F, et al. Lower crustal processes leading to Mesozoic lithospheric thinning beneath eastern North China: Underplating, replacement and delamination. Lithos, 2007, 96: 36~54.
[44] Zhang H F. Transformation of lithospheric mantle through peridotite-melt reaction: A case of Sino-Korean craton. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2005, 237: 768~780.
[45] Zhang K J. North and South China collision along the eastern and southern North China margins. Tectonophysics, 1997, 270: 145~156.
[46] Zhang Y Q, Dong S W and Shi W. Cretaceous deformation history of the middle Tan-Lu fault zone in Shandong Province, eastern China. Tectonophysics, 2003, 363: 243~258.
[47] Zhang Z M, Liou J G, Coleman R G. An outline of the plate tectonics of China. Geol Soc Am Bull, 1984, 95: 295~312.
[48] Zheng J P, Griffin W L, O’Reilly S Y, et al. Mechanism and timing of lilthospheric modification and replacement beneath the eastern North China Craton: perdotitic exnoliths from the 100 Ma Fuxin basalts and a regional synthesis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2007, 71: 5203~5225.
[49] Zheng J P, O’Reilly S Y, Griffin W L, et al. Relict refractory mantle beneath the eastern North China block: significance for lithosphere evolution. Lithos, 2001, 57: 43~66.
[50] Zhu G, Hu Z Q, Chen Y, et al. Evolution of Early Cretaceous extensional basions in the eastern North China craton and its implications to the craton destruction. Geol. Bull. China, 2008, 27: 1594~1604.
[51] Zhu G, Liu G S, Niu M L, et al. Syn-collisional transform faulting of the Tan-Lu fault zone, East China. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 2009, 98: 135~155.
[52] Zhu G, Niu M L, Xie C L, et al. Sinistral to Normal Faulting along the Tan-Lu Fault Zone: Evidence for Geodynamic Switching of the East China Continental Margin. The Journal of Geology, 2010, in press.
[53] Zhu G, Wang D X, Liu G S, et al. Extensional activities along the Tan-Lu fault and its geodynamic setting. Chin.J.Geol, 2001, 36: 269~278.
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