中压电网中性点接地方式的研究
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摘要
电网中性点接地方式涉及到电网的技术、经济和安全等多个方面,是电力系统实现安全与经济运行的基础之一,对电力系统的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。随着电网容量的日益增大,电压等级的日益提高,原有的中性点接地方式越来越不能满足电力系统发展要求。
在各种电压等级的电力系统中,单相接地故障都是最主要的故障形式,一般占据到故障总数的70%以上。小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障时,虽然不形成短路回路,没有量值很大的短路电流,且三相线间电压依然对称,不影响负载的正常工作,可以继续运行一定时间,但是在发生单相接地后,非接地相对地的电压会升高,断续性电弧接地时还会产生弧光过电压,长期运行可能会损坏其绝缘,引发严重的相间故障。
本文针对这个问题开展研究工作,在深入分析目前国内中压电网所采用的中性点不接地、中性点经消弧线圈接地和中性点经电阻接地三种方式的接地原理和基本运行特性的基础上,研制自动跟踪调谐消弧线圈接地补偿装置,用于补偿电网单相故障时电容电流。现场试运行结果表明:该装置电容电流测量准确,补偿效果好,在发生电网单相接地时能够补偿接地容流。
The grounded mode of power system is related to technical, economic, secure and other various aspects and it is one of the foundations of security and stability operation of the power system. It is great significance to the secure and economic operations of the power system. With the growing capacity of grid and increasing voltage levels, the original neutral point grounded mode can not meet the requirements for the development of the power system.
In the power system with all sorts of voltage levels, phase-to-ground fault is the main form of the fault, occupied 70% of the total to malfunction. Since no short-circuit loop is formed so that the fault current is small and the three phase line to line voltages are still symmetric when single-phase to earth fault occurs in a non-solidly earthed network, the load can be in normal operation for a period of time. But after the fault, the non-grounded fault phase voltage would increase, discontinuity grounded arc still can produce arc voltage, long-term operation may damage the insulation and serious phase-to-phase fault.
Aiming at this problem this thesis thoroughly analyses grounding principles and basic characteristics of three kinds of grounded mode (ungrounded, grounded through a resistance, compensated grounded) used in medium voltage network. An automatic tuning suppression-coil device with on-line tap-changer is developed for the capacitive current compensation and faulted line selection in case of an earth fault. The results from field test show that the measurement of the capacitive current is accurate and the effect of compensation is very good when single-phase grounded fault occurs.
在各种电压等级的电力系统中,单相接地故障都是最主要的故障形式,一般占据到故障总数的70%以上。小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障时,虽然不形成短路回路,没有量值很大的短路电流,且三相线间电压依然对称,不影响负载的正常工作,可以继续运行一定时间,但是在发生单相接地后,非接地相对地的电压会升高,断续性电弧接地时还会产生弧光过电压,长期运行可能会损坏其绝缘,引发严重的相间故障。
本文针对这个问题开展研究工作,在深入分析目前国内中压电网所采用的中性点不接地、中性点经消弧线圈接地和中性点经电阻接地三种方式的接地原理和基本运行特性的基础上,研制自动跟踪调谐消弧线圈接地补偿装置,用于补偿电网单相故障时电容电流。现场试运行结果表明:该装置电容电流测量准确,补偿效果好,在发生电网单相接地时能够补偿接地容流。
The grounded mode of power system is related to technical, economic, secure and other various aspects and it is one of the foundations of security and stability operation of the power system. It is great significance to the secure and economic operations of the power system. With the growing capacity of grid and increasing voltage levels, the original neutral point grounded mode can not meet the requirements for the development of the power system.
In the power system with all sorts of voltage levels, phase-to-ground fault is the main form of the fault, occupied 70% of the total to malfunction. Since no short-circuit loop is formed so that the fault current is small and the three phase line to line voltages are still symmetric when single-phase to earth fault occurs in a non-solidly earthed network, the load can be in normal operation for a period of time. But after the fault, the non-grounded fault phase voltage would increase, discontinuity grounded arc still can produce arc voltage, long-term operation may damage the insulation and serious phase-to-phase fault.
Aiming at this problem this thesis thoroughly analyses grounding principles and basic characteristics of three kinds of grounded mode (ungrounded, grounded through a resistance, compensated grounded) used in medium voltage network. An automatic tuning suppression-coil device with on-line tap-changer is developed for the capacitive current compensation and faulted line selection in case of an earth fault. The results from field test show that the measurement of the capacitive current is accurate and the effect of compensation is very good when single-phase grounded fault occurs.
引文
[1]郑鹏鹏,城市配电网中性点接地方式的选择[J].电工技术,2000(1):9-10.
[2]赵智大,电力系统中性点接地问题,中国工业出版社,1965.
[3]许颖,3～66kV电网中性点接地方式的几个问题,中国电力科学研究院,2007.
[4] Matti Lehtonen. Fault Management in Electrical Distribution System. Final report of the CIRED Working Group Fault Management.CIRED,1999.
[5]张冲,王利强,吕小妹.电力系统中性点接地运行方式综述[J].中国高新技术企业, 2009,(16):193-194.
[6] Thomas N. The effects of very-high-resistance grounding on the selectivity of ground-fault relaying in high-voltage longwall power systems .IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 2001, 37, 37(2):398406.
[7]要焕年,中压电网中性点接地方式论文集,邯郸市电力自动化研究所,2006.
[8]李润先,中压电网系统接地实用技术,中国电力出版社,2002.
[9]王一宇,城市配电网中性点接地方式讲座,邯郸市电力自动化研究,2006.
[10] Ruz, A Quijano and E Gómez, A new algorithm for high impedance fault detection in compensated neutral grounded M. V. power systems, Eur Trans Elect Power 13 (1) (2003), pp.23–28
[11]中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL/T620-1997,交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合.
[12]要焕年,曹梅月.电力系统谐振接地[M].中国电力出版社,2000.
[13] Yao Huannian, Cao Meiyue. The Optimization on Operation Characteristics of MV Network. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology. Beijing China.August 18-21,1998.
[14]李志堂,10～35kV系统各相电容测量[J].高压电技术,1990年.
[15]孙岩洲,邱毓昌.配电网电容电流的测量方法分析[J].高压电器, 2002,(05) .
[16]成茂清.测定小电流接地系统电容电流的一种新方法[J].电网技术, 1989,(02) .
[17]黄鲟,唐忠,曹斌勇.配电网电容电流测量方法的比较与应用[J].湖南电力,2006,26(4):55-57.
[18]陈海昆.电力系统电容电流的测量与补偿[J].华东电力, 2001, (03) .
[19]刘炳尧,外加电容法测电网对地电容电流的误差分析及外加电容的选择[J].电力技术,1980.
[20]周配明,分相对地接地电容测量电容电流的新方法[J].高电压技术,1989年.
[21]郭建清,李晓东,宋景东,雷永良.小电流接地系统电容电流的测量方法[J].山西电力技术, 1999, (03) .
[22]吴加新,张劲光等.电力系统谐振接地及接地电流自动补偿装置[J].继电器,2003,31(1):61-63.
[23]袁进伶,张涛.6～66KV电力系统电容电流自动跟踪补偿用接地选线装置原理与应用[J].中国电力,1998.
[35]高朝晖,赵靖英,李玲玲等.自动跟踪补偿消弧装置的调谐原理.中国仪器仪表,2003,11(2):8-10.
[24] J.R.Dunki-Jacobs. The Historical Development of Neutral-Grounding Practices .IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, March, April. 1997 .
[25] JL Hao and ZH Yuan, Study on line selection of grounded fault in non-effectively earthed system based on wavelet & neural network, Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation 44 (11) (2007), pp. 1–5 (In Chinese).
[26]李锋,傅正财.调匝式消弧电抗器的自动调谐[J].上海交通大学学报,1996,30(1):70-77.
[27] International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 24, Issue 10, December 2002, Pages 859-865.
[28]张松,孙伟,陈文针,消弧线圈自动调谐的研究[J].高压电器,1999,35(2),3-7.
[29]裴志宏,文劲宇.调容式自动消弧线圈设计[J].继电器,2005,33(2):71-75.
[30]闫兴中,杨学昌,常思哲,孙新忠,刘玉萍.新型电容式自动调谐消弧线圈的分析与设计[J].变压器,2003,40(10):1-5.
[31]蔡旭,刘杰.偏磁式消弧线圈的动态调谐装置[J].电力系统自动化,2002,(15).
[32]封宁君.新型偏磁式消弧线圈控制系统研究[D].华北电力大学(北京), 2008.
[33] Sugimoto S. Thyristor controlled ground fault current limiting systems .IEEE Trans on PWRD, 1996,112, 11(2):940-945.
[34] Klaus Papp.Arc Suppression Coils for Neutral Grounding of Distribution Systems.Published by Sterling Publications International Ltd.Power Technology International,1992.
[35] Thomas Tamo Tatiétsé, Paul Villeneuve, Eugène Patrice N. Ndong, Fran?ois Kenfack Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 78, Issue 2, February 2008, Pages 228-238.
[36]张战永,王建领,康怡,牛文记.调容式消弧线圈自动补偿系统的实现[J].继电器,2005,33(16):90-92,95.
[37] Bernard C.Lesieutre, Jama A.Mohamed,Aleksandar M.Stanknvic.Analyis of ferroresonance in three-phase transformers.IEEE 2000,1013-1018.
[38] Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 78, Issue 5, May 2008, Pages 785-793.
[39] JeeJS,SunYN,Multiseale Comer Deteetionby UsingWavelet Transfo rmers Trans,1995,4(1):1(X)-104.
[40]庞华,刘承洲,毕见广,任元恒.新型小电流接地系统微机消谐选线综合装置的原理及应用[J].电力情报, 1994,(01).
[41]杨成德,调容式补偿新技术的应用与发展[J].电气开关,200l,(2),29-32.
[42]刘虹,尹忠东,陈柏超,陈维贤.新型可控自动消弧成套装置的应用研究[J].电力系统自动化, 1998,(02).
[43]陈禾,陈维贤,配电网中性点位移现象[J].高电压技,2001,27(6).26-27,30.
[2]赵智大,电力系统中性点接地问题,中国工业出版社,1965.
[3]许颖,3～66kV电网中性点接地方式的几个问题,中国电力科学研究院,2007.
[4] Matti Lehtonen. Fault Management in Electrical Distribution System. Final report of the CIRED Working Group Fault Management.CIRED,1999.
[5]张冲,王利强,吕小妹.电力系统中性点接地运行方式综述[J].中国高新技术企业, 2009,(16):193-194.
[6] Thomas N. The effects of very-high-resistance grounding on the selectivity of ground-fault relaying in high-voltage longwall power systems .IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 2001, 37, 37(2):398406.
[7]要焕年,中压电网中性点接地方式论文集,邯郸市电力自动化研究所,2006.
[8]李润先,中压电网系统接地实用技术,中国电力出版社,2002.
[9]王一宇,城市配电网中性点接地方式讲座,邯郸市电力自动化研究,2006.
[10] Ruz, A Quijano and E Gómez, A new algorithm for high impedance fault detection in compensated neutral grounded M. V. power systems, Eur Trans Elect Power 13 (1) (2003), pp.23–28
[11]中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL/T620-1997,交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合.
[12]要焕年,曹梅月.电力系统谐振接地[M].中国电力出版社,2000.
[13] Yao Huannian, Cao Meiyue. The Optimization on Operation Characteristics of MV Network. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology. Beijing China.August 18-21,1998.
[14]李志堂,10～35kV系统各相电容测量[J].高压电技术,1990年.
[15]孙岩洲,邱毓昌.配电网电容电流的测量方法分析[J].高压电器, 2002,(05) .
[16]成茂清.测定小电流接地系统电容电流的一种新方法[J].电网技术, 1989,(02) .
[17]黄鲟,唐忠,曹斌勇.配电网电容电流测量方法的比较与应用[J].湖南电力,2006,26(4):55-57.
[18]陈海昆.电力系统电容电流的测量与补偿[J].华东电力, 2001, (03) .
[19]刘炳尧,外加电容法测电网对地电容电流的误差分析及外加电容的选择[J].电力技术,1980.
[20]周配明,分相对地接地电容测量电容电流的新方法[J].高电压技术,1989年.
[21]郭建清,李晓东,宋景东,雷永良.小电流接地系统电容电流的测量方法[J].山西电力技术, 1999, (03) .
[22]吴加新,张劲光等.电力系统谐振接地及接地电流自动补偿装置[J].继电器,2003,31(1):61-63.
[23]袁进伶,张涛.6～66KV电力系统电容电流自动跟踪补偿用接地选线装置原理与应用[J].中国电力,1998.
[35]高朝晖,赵靖英,李玲玲等.自动跟踪补偿消弧装置的调谐原理.中国仪器仪表,2003,11(2):8-10.
[24] J.R.Dunki-Jacobs. The Historical Development of Neutral-Grounding Practices .IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, March, April. 1997 .
[25] JL Hao and ZH Yuan, Study on line selection of grounded fault in non-effectively earthed system based on wavelet & neural network, Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation 44 (11) (2007), pp. 1–5 (In Chinese).
[26]李锋,傅正财.调匝式消弧电抗器的自动调谐[J].上海交通大学学报,1996,30(1):70-77.
[27] International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 24, Issue 10, December 2002, Pages 859-865.
[28]张松,孙伟,陈文针,消弧线圈自动调谐的研究[J].高压电器,1999,35(2),3-7.
[29]裴志宏,文劲宇.调容式自动消弧线圈设计[J].继电器,2005,33(2):71-75.
[30]闫兴中,杨学昌,常思哲,孙新忠,刘玉萍.新型电容式自动调谐消弧线圈的分析与设计[J].变压器,2003,40(10):1-5.
[31]蔡旭,刘杰.偏磁式消弧线圈的动态调谐装置[J].电力系统自动化,2002,(15).
[32]封宁君.新型偏磁式消弧线圈控制系统研究[D].华北电力大学(北京), 2008.
[33] Sugimoto S. Thyristor controlled ground fault current limiting systems .IEEE Trans on PWRD, 1996,112, 11(2):940-945.
[34] Klaus Papp.Arc Suppression Coils for Neutral Grounding of Distribution Systems.Published by Sterling Publications International Ltd.Power Technology International,1992.
[35] Thomas Tamo Tatiétsé, Paul Villeneuve, Eugène Patrice N. Ndong, Fran?ois Kenfack Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 78, Issue 2, February 2008, Pages 228-238.
[36]张战永,王建领,康怡,牛文记.调容式消弧线圈自动补偿系统的实现[J].继电器,2005,33(16):90-92,95.
[37] Bernard C.Lesieutre, Jama A.Mohamed,Aleksandar M.Stanknvic.Analyis of ferroresonance in three-phase transformers.IEEE 2000,1013-1018.
[38] Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 78, Issue 5, May 2008, Pages 785-793.
[39] JeeJS,SunYN,Multiseale Comer Deteetionby UsingWavelet Transfo rmers Trans,1995,4(1):1(X)-104.
[40]庞华,刘承洲,毕见广,任元恒.新型小电流接地系统微机消谐选线综合装置的原理及应用[J].电力情报, 1994,(01).
[41]杨成德,调容式补偿新技术的应用与发展[J].电气开关,200l,(2),29-32.
[42]刘虹,尹忠东,陈柏超,陈维贤.新型可控自动消弧成套装置的应用研究[J].电力系统自动化, 1998,(02).
[43]陈禾,陈维贤,配电网中性点位移现象[J].高电压技,2001,27(6).26-27,30.
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