导弹制导仿真系统VV&A理论和方法研究
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摘要
仿真系统VV&A是系统仿真理论与应用研究的重要内容。论文主要以导弹制导仿真系统为背景,以评估和保证仿真系统的可信性和可用性为目标,以“理论-方法-工具”为主线展开研究。
对导弹制导仿真系统的一体化V&V过程进行了详细设计,研究了一体化V&V过程的管理机制。基于导弹制导仿真系统一体化V&V过程的主要思想,针对一体化V&V过程中的仿真需求校核、概念模型验证、数学仿真系统V&V、半实物仿真系统V&V、伴随型号研制的验证等主要环节,重点对V&V任务、V&V人员、V&V方法等内容进行了研究;针对一体化V&V过程中的人员和资源管理机制,探讨和研究了V&V参与人员及其职责、数据资源分类管理两个问题。
在分析现有V&V方法适用性的基础上,基于相似原理和小波理论,提出了两种动态结果验证方法。其中,基于相似原理,研究了能够适用于静态和动态两类仿真结果的统计相似分析方法;通过小波方差的特性分析,提出了基于小波方差的动态结果验证方法,重点对小波方差的估计方法、统计分布以及基于小波方差的验证过程进行了研究。
从各种仿真结果验证方法的要求出发,研究了面向结果验证的试验数据预处理过程;基于小波方差和信号奇异点影响锥的性质,提出了一种新的数据去噪方法,重点对最优小波分解层数、奇异点的搜索和定位、以及基于奇异点影响锥的小波系数处理等问题进行了研究,并基于Matlab仿真环境对算法的去噪误差以及信噪比等性能指标进行了分析。
以某红外成像制导半实物仿真系统为背景,分析并建立了系统中主要误差源的误差模型,研究了误差影响分析方法和误差影响下仿真结果的置信估计方法。在误差影响分析方法指导下,分析了三轴姿态模拟转台、两轴目标运动转台、负载模拟器、气动力及气动力矩仿真模型等主要误差源对仿真结果的影响程度,为日后新研设备的精度分配提供了直接依据;基于统计分析思想,提出了误差影响下的仿真结果置信估计方法,并基于估计得到的置信区间对仿真结果的置信度进行了分析。
以评估导弹制导仿真系统的总体可信度为目标,基于云模型和云理论,提出了定性和定量VV&A结果综合的两种不同思路。一是先将定性VV&A结果定量化,然后基于定量结果评估仿真系统的总体可信度,在此基础上重点对定性结果的量化规则、云滴的转化方法以及评价云模型的拟合方法等内容进行了研究,提出了定性结果的综合量化方法;二是基于云理论研究了新的可信度综合评估方法,通过定性和定量VV&A结果云化、权重云模型构建、云化结果综合等步骤,实现对仿真系统总体可信度的评估。
为了指导、管理和辅助导弹制导仿真系统的VV&A工作,设计开发了包括三大模块的VV&A平台。其中,VV&A管理平台以VV&A过程的图形化设计和管理为主线,同时实现了人员组织管理、任务管理、文档管理等功能;数据管理平台主要包括各种数据资源的存储、导入/导出、查询、备份/恢复以及用户的权限管理等功能;V&V工具平台通过方法库、数据向导、V&V向导、图形浏览、文档生成等功能模块,实现了“数据查询与导入-数据分析与处理-分析结果显示-工作报告自动生成”的一体化工作流程。最后,基于VV&A平台,以某制导仿真系统为背景进行了典型应用。
Simulation VV&A is an important aspect of simulation theory and application. In this paper, all research work is to assess and ensure the credibility and usability of missile guidance simulation system by the main line of "theory - methods - tools".
Firstly, the integrative verification and validation process (IV&VP) of missile guidance simulation system is planned in detail, and the management mechanism is studied synchronously. Based on the fundamental notions of IV&VP, the V&V tasks, V&V personnel, V&V methods, etc. are studied emphatically for the main contents of IV&VP, such as simulation requirements verification, conceptual model validation, mathematical simulation system V&V, HWIL simulation V&V, validation overlay for model development process, and so on. In order to explore personnel and resource management mechanisms in IV&VP, the V&V participants and their responsibilities, data resource categories are studied.
Secondly, after analyzing the applicability of the existing V&V methods, based on similar principles and wavelet theory, two kinds of dynamic result validation method are proposed. Based on similar principles, the statistical similarity analysis method that can be applied to the static and dynamic simulation result is studied. By the analysis of the nature of wavelet variance, a method based on wavelet variance for dynamic result validation is proposed, which mainly study the estimate method of wavelet variance, statistical distribution and the validation process based on wavelet variance.
According to the requirements of the results validation methods, the data preprocessing process and methods are studied. Among them, based on the nature of wavelet variance and the signal singularity’s cone of influence, a new data de-noising method is proposed, and the issues of optimal wavelet decomposition level, searching and locating of the singular points, treatment of wavelet coefficients, are analyzed emphatically. At last, the algorithm’s performances such as execution time, denoising error, and the SNR of the denoised signal are anylyzed based on Matlab.
According to a certain infrared imaging guidance HWIL simulation system, the main error models of which are established, while the error analysis method and the confidence estimation method for simulation result are studied. Under the guidance of error analysis method, the effects of main error sources, such as simulation turntables, load simulator, aerodynamic model and aerodynamic moment model etc., on simulation results are researched, the research work underlies the decision of accuracy distribution for new equipments in the future directly. Based on the concept of statistical analysis, the confidence estimation method for simulation result is proposed and the confidence of simulation results is analyzed.
To evaluate the global credibility of missile guidance simulation system, this paper puts forward two different ideas of integrating quantitative and qualitative VV&A results based on cloud model and cloud theory. The first is quantizing the qualitative VV&A results, and then evaluating the global credibility with existing quantitative credibility evaluation method. According to this way, the quantization rules and cloud model fitting method are mainly studied, and quantization method for qualitative results is put forword. Another way is researching a new credibility evaluation method based on cloud theory, and achieves to evaluate the global credibility of simulation by converting quantitative and qualitative VV&A results to cloud models, establishing weight cloud model, intergrating all cloud models and so on.
In order to supervise, manage and assist the VV&A process of missile guidance simulation system,this paper has designed and developed a three-module VV&A platform. The primary functions of the VV&A management platform are graphical design and management of the VV&A process, simultaneity, this platform has realized the functions such as organization management, task management, document management etc; the data management platform is used to storage various data resources, load-in/educe, inquire, back-up/resume data and manage the user’s purview; by dint of the function modules, such as method database, data guidance, V&V guidance, graphical browse, document generation, the V&V tools platform has realized the integrative flow of“inquire and load-in data—analyze and process data—display analysis results—auto-generate process record”, this has improved the process efficiency remarkably. Finally, this VV&A platform has been applied into a certain guidance simulation system typically, considering its various functions.
对导弹制导仿真系统的一体化V&V过程进行了详细设计,研究了一体化V&V过程的管理机制。基于导弹制导仿真系统一体化V&V过程的主要思想,针对一体化V&V过程中的仿真需求校核、概念模型验证、数学仿真系统V&V、半实物仿真系统V&V、伴随型号研制的验证等主要环节,重点对V&V任务、V&V人员、V&V方法等内容进行了研究;针对一体化V&V过程中的人员和资源管理机制,探讨和研究了V&V参与人员及其职责、数据资源分类管理两个问题。
在分析现有V&V方法适用性的基础上,基于相似原理和小波理论,提出了两种动态结果验证方法。其中,基于相似原理,研究了能够适用于静态和动态两类仿真结果的统计相似分析方法;通过小波方差的特性分析,提出了基于小波方差的动态结果验证方法,重点对小波方差的估计方法、统计分布以及基于小波方差的验证过程进行了研究。
从各种仿真结果验证方法的要求出发,研究了面向结果验证的试验数据预处理过程;基于小波方差和信号奇异点影响锥的性质,提出了一种新的数据去噪方法,重点对最优小波分解层数、奇异点的搜索和定位、以及基于奇异点影响锥的小波系数处理等问题进行了研究,并基于Matlab仿真环境对算法的去噪误差以及信噪比等性能指标进行了分析。
以某红外成像制导半实物仿真系统为背景,分析并建立了系统中主要误差源的误差模型,研究了误差影响分析方法和误差影响下仿真结果的置信估计方法。在误差影响分析方法指导下,分析了三轴姿态模拟转台、两轴目标运动转台、负载模拟器、气动力及气动力矩仿真模型等主要误差源对仿真结果的影响程度,为日后新研设备的精度分配提供了直接依据;基于统计分析思想,提出了误差影响下的仿真结果置信估计方法,并基于估计得到的置信区间对仿真结果的置信度进行了分析。
以评估导弹制导仿真系统的总体可信度为目标,基于云模型和云理论,提出了定性和定量VV&A结果综合的两种不同思路。一是先将定性VV&A结果定量化,然后基于定量结果评估仿真系统的总体可信度,在此基础上重点对定性结果的量化规则、云滴的转化方法以及评价云模型的拟合方法等内容进行了研究,提出了定性结果的综合量化方法;二是基于云理论研究了新的可信度综合评估方法,通过定性和定量VV&A结果云化、权重云模型构建、云化结果综合等步骤,实现对仿真系统总体可信度的评估。
为了指导、管理和辅助导弹制导仿真系统的VV&A工作,设计开发了包括三大模块的VV&A平台。其中,VV&A管理平台以VV&A过程的图形化设计和管理为主线,同时实现了人员组织管理、任务管理、文档管理等功能;数据管理平台主要包括各种数据资源的存储、导入/导出、查询、备份/恢复以及用户的权限管理等功能;V&V工具平台通过方法库、数据向导、V&V向导、图形浏览、文档生成等功能模块,实现了“数据查询与导入-数据分析与处理-分析结果显示-工作报告自动生成”的一体化工作流程。最后,基于VV&A平台,以某制导仿真系统为背景进行了典型应用。
Simulation VV&A is an important aspect of simulation theory and application. In this paper, all research work is to assess and ensure the credibility and usability of missile guidance simulation system by the main line of "theory - methods - tools".
Firstly, the integrative verification and validation process (IV&VP) of missile guidance simulation system is planned in detail, and the management mechanism is studied synchronously. Based on the fundamental notions of IV&VP, the V&V tasks, V&V personnel, V&V methods, etc. are studied emphatically for the main contents of IV&VP, such as simulation requirements verification, conceptual model validation, mathematical simulation system V&V, HWIL simulation V&V, validation overlay for model development process, and so on. In order to explore personnel and resource management mechanisms in IV&VP, the V&V participants and their responsibilities, data resource categories are studied.
Secondly, after analyzing the applicability of the existing V&V methods, based on similar principles and wavelet theory, two kinds of dynamic result validation method are proposed. Based on similar principles, the statistical similarity analysis method that can be applied to the static and dynamic simulation result is studied. By the analysis of the nature of wavelet variance, a method based on wavelet variance for dynamic result validation is proposed, which mainly study the estimate method of wavelet variance, statistical distribution and the validation process based on wavelet variance.
According to the requirements of the results validation methods, the data preprocessing process and methods are studied. Among them, based on the nature of wavelet variance and the signal singularity’s cone of influence, a new data de-noising method is proposed, and the issues of optimal wavelet decomposition level, searching and locating of the singular points, treatment of wavelet coefficients, are analyzed emphatically. At last, the algorithm’s performances such as execution time, denoising error, and the SNR of the denoised signal are anylyzed based on Matlab.
According to a certain infrared imaging guidance HWIL simulation system, the main error models of which are established, while the error analysis method and the confidence estimation method for simulation result are studied. Under the guidance of error analysis method, the effects of main error sources, such as simulation turntables, load simulator, aerodynamic model and aerodynamic moment model etc., on simulation results are researched, the research work underlies the decision of accuracy distribution for new equipments in the future directly. Based on the concept of statistical analysis, the confidence estimation method for simulation result is proposed and the confidence of simulation results is analyzed.
To evaluate the global credibility of missile guidance simulation system, this paper puts forward two different ideas of integrating quantitative and qualitative VV&A results based on cloud model and cloud theory. The first is quantizing the qualitative VV&A results, and then evaluating the global credibility with existing quantitative credibility evaluation method. According to this way, the quantization rules and cloud model fitting method are mainly studied, and quantization method for qualitative results is put forword. Another way is researching a new credibility evaluation method based on cloud theory, and achieves to evaluate the global credibility of simulation by converting quantitative and qualitative VV&A results to cloud models, establishing weight cloud model, intergrating all cloud models and so on.
In order to supervise, manage and assist the VV&A process of missile guidance simulation system,this paper has designed and developed a three-module VV&A platform. The primary functions of the VV&A management platform are graphical design and management of the VV&A process, simultaneity, this platform has realized the functions such as organization management, task management, document management etc; the data management platform is used to storage various data resources, load-in/educe, inquire, back-up/resume data and manage the user’s purview; by dint of the function modules, such as method database, data guidance, V&V guidance, graphical browse, document generation, the V&V tools platform has realized the integrative flow of“inquire and load-in data—analyze and process data—display analysis results—auto-generate process record”, this has improved the process efficiency remarkably. Finally, this VV&A platform has been applied into a certain guidance simulation system typically, considering its various functions.
引文
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