湿法控制工业燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的新方法研究
摘要
我国工业陶瓷窑炉大多以煤炭为燃料。工业燃煤陶瓷窑炉在煤的燃烧过程中，产生了大量的黑烟(主要成份是炭黑)，严重地影响了大气环境。而以前的烟尘治理技术都存在一定的缺点，对微细的炭黑处理效率极低，难以达到根治黑烟的目的。本论文针对炭黑难以治理的特点，提出了一种湿法控制工业燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的新方法。
论文从产生黑烟的机理出发，提出了燃煤陶瓷窑炉烟尘治理应以消烟为主。对炭黑的物理化学性质进行了深入的研究。炭黑是一种粒度细，密度小，比表面积大，表面有一层油状物质，呈现为疏水性的球形颗粒。在研究和熟悉了炭黑的物理化学性质的基础上，确定了黑烟治理实验方案。
由于炭黑的表面表现为疏水性的界面，难以被水润湿。而在水中加入少量表面活性剂，将有可能大大改善水／炭黑之间的结合状态。通过查阅大量文献资料，筛选出了一些对炭黑具有较好润湿性的表面活性剂，然后根据表面活性剂的物理化学性质，进行了无机盐与阴离子表面活性剂的复配、阴离子与阳离子表面活性剂的复配、阴离子与非离子表面活性剂的复配，根据复配的实验结果，结合表面活性剂的HLB值，选出了SDBS、AEO-9、TX-10、CTAB、Na_2SO_4进行了正交实验。根据正交实验的结果，选出了几种配方进行了Walker实验。通过Walker实验进而选出了两种较优的配方：1.0 SDBS+50 Na_2SO_4+0.05 TX-10(mmol／1)和1.0SDBS+50 Na_2SO_4+0.03 AEO-9(mmol／1)。针对这两种配方做了炭黑吸收模拟实验。实验结果表明：1.0 SDBS+50 Na_2SO_4+0.05 TX-10(mmol／1)对黑烟具有较好的吸收效果，在实验条件下，除尘效率达到了90％以上。
最后根据实验结果和实际情况，提出了一套工业应用方案，并且对工业应用前景和效益进行了简要的分析。
The fuel of most industrial ceramic kilns depends on coal in China. During the burning of the industrial coal-burning ceramic kilns, much black smoke whose main component is carbon black made grave air-pollution. And old flue dust treatment technologies have some defects, which have efficiency so low for fine carbon black that they can't reach the objective to remove black smoke completely. Aiming at carbon black characteristics, a new method of controling the black smoke from the industrial coal-burning ceramic kilns by wetting is brought forward in this paper.
From the producing mechanism of black smoke, this paper puts forward that smoke removal is primary in the treatment. The carbon black properties of physics and chemistry are deeply studied. Carbon black, which has fine, low density and large specific surface area, is spherical hydrophobe particle with a layer of oil-like matter on the surface. Based on the study of the physics and chemistry properties, experimental scheme of carbon black removal is established.
Due to the hydrophobe surface, carbon black is difficult to be wetted. However, a little of surfactant added into water will improve the hydrophile greatly between water and carbon black. After consulting date, some better surfactants are selected out. According to the properties of physics and chemistry of carbon black, we carried out the mixture of the inorganic compound and anionic surfactant, cationic and anionic surfactants, nonionic and anionic surfactant. On the basis of experimental results and refering to the HLB of the surfactants, we selected SDBS, AEO-9, TX-10, CTAB, Na2SO4 to do orthogonal experiments. According to the results, Walker experiments are carried out for the better directions. Two better directions are selected from experiments: l.OSDBS + 50Na2SO4+ 0.05TX-10 (mmol/1) & l.OSDBS + 50 Na2SO4 + 0.03 AEO-9 (mmol/1). Aiming at the two directions, we have done the simulation experiments of the carbon black absorption. Experimental results indicate 1 .OSDBS + 50Na2SO4 + 0.05TX-10 (mmol/1) is the best. On the conditions of experiment, efficiency of dust removal is beyond 90%.
Finally, according to experimental results and practical status, a set of industial application draft is put forward. And the outlook and benefit are also simply analysised.
论文从产生黑烟的机理出发，提出了燃煤陶瓷窑炉烟尘治理应以消烟为主。对炭黑的物理化学性质进行了深入的研究。炭黑是一种粒度细，密度小，比表面积大，表面有一层油状物质，呈现为疏水性的球形颗粒。在研究和熟悉了炭黑的物理化学性质的基础上，确定了黑烟治理实验方案。
由于炭黑的表面表现为疏水性的界面，难以被水润湿。而在水中加入少量表面活性剂，将有可能大大改善水／炭黑之间的结合状态。通过查阅大量文献资料，筛选出了一些对炭黑具有较好润湿性的表面活性剂，然后根据表面活性剂的物理化学性质，进行了无机盐与阴离子表面活性剂的复配、阴离子与阳离子表面活性剂的复配、阴离子与非离子表面活性剂的复配，根据复配的实验结果，结合表面活性剂的HLB值，选出了SDBS、AEO-9、TX-10、CTAB、Na_2SO_4进行了正交实验。根据正交实验的结果，选出了几种配方进行了Walker实验。通过Walker实验进而选出了两种较优的配方：1.0 SDBS+50 Na_2SO_4+0.05 TX-10(mmol／1)和1.0SDBS+50 Na_2SO_4+0.03 AEO-9(mmol／1)。针对这两种配方做了炭黑吸收模拟实验。实验结果表明：1.0 SDBS+50 Na_2SO_4+0.05 TX-10(mmol／1)对黑烟具有较好的吸收效果，在实验条件下，除尘效率达到了90％以上。
最后根据实验结果和实际情况，提出了一套工业应用方案，并且对工业应用前景和效益进行了简要的分析。
The fuel of most industrial ceramic kilns depends on coal in China. During the burning of the industrial coal-burning ceramic kilns, much black smoke whose main component is carbon black made grave air-pollution. And old flue dust treatment technologies have some defects, which have efficiency so low for fine carbon black that they can't reach the objective to remove black smoke completely. Aiming at carbon black characteristics, a new method of controling the black smoke from the industrial coal-burning ceramic kilns by wetting is brought forward in this paper.
From the producing mechanism of black smoke, this paper puts forward that smoke removal is primary in the treatment. The carbon black properties of physics and chemistry are deeply studied. Carbon black, which has fine, low density and large specific surface area, is spherical hydrophobe particle with a layer of oil-like matter on the surface. Based on the study of the physics and chemistry properties, experimental scheme of carbon black removal is established.
Due to the hydrophobe surface, carbon black is difficult to be wetted. However, a little of surfactant added into water will improve the hydrophile greatly between water and carbon black. After consulting date, some better surfactants are selected out. According to the properties of physics and chemistry of carbon black, we carried out the mixture of the inorganic compound and anionic surfactant, cationic and anionic surfactants, nonionic and anionic surfactant. On the basis of experimental results and refering to the HLB of the surfactants, we selected SDBS, AEO-9, TX-10, CTAB, Na2SO4 to do orthogonal experiments. According to the results, Walker experiments are carried out for the better directions. Two better directions are selected from experiments: l.OSDBS + 50Na2SO4+ 0.05TX-10 (mmol/1) & l.OSDBS + 50 Na2SO4 + 0.03 AEO-9 (mmol/1). Aiming at the two directions, we have done the simulation experiments of the carbon black absorption. Experimental results indicate 1 .OSDBS + 50Na2SO4 + 0.05TX-10 (mmol/1) is the best. On the conditions of experiment, efficiency of dust removal is beyond 90%.
Finally, according to experimental results and practical status, a set of industial application draft is put forward. And the outlook and benefit are also simply analysised.
引文
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