电气化铁道牵引负荷谐波检测与补偿方案研究
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摘要
电力机车以其节能、环保、高效的优势已取代传统的内燃机车,成为我国铁路运输事业的主力军。电力机车的变流电路中含有大量的非线性电力电子器件以及电力机车复杂的运行状况使得电力机车运行时会产生大量的谐波。这些谐波注入到公共电网之后会产生极大的危害,因此必须做好电气化铁路谐波治理的工作。谐波治理研究主要集中在谐波分析和谐波补偿两个方面。
在谐波分析领域,目前采用的分析方法主要有快速傅里叶变换法、基于扩展Prony算法、人工神经网络以及小波变换等。近年来,小波变换以其独特的优势逐渐成为信号分析领域研究的热点,本文研究的重点之一就是将小波变换理论应用到电气化铁路谐波分析中。通过理论分析验证了选取合适小波函数的重要性,根据最小长度描述准选择将db10小波选为处理谐波信号的最佳小波函数,并进一步选取了合理的分解层数。文中分别利用傅里叶分析以及小波分析两种方法对电力机车谐波电流进行仿真分析,通过对两组仿真结果进行比较分析可知,小波分析可以将电力机车谐波电流的基波分量和谐波分量有效地分离开来,进而获得谐波的有效值等相关参数,与傅里叶分析方法相比具有更高的精确度和实时性。
在谐波补偿方面,本文提出一种新型直挂式大容量的链式有源电力滤波器的谐波补偿方案。对链式有源电力滤波器的主电路拓扑结构及其工作原理进行了介绍,选择了适合本系统的主电路开关器件,对作为级联结构的链式有源电力滤波器核心的H桥阀组单元进行了总体设计,给出了启动方式及冗余安全保护设计。同时设计了级联H桥结构数目、开关频率、直流侧电容值等参数,并针对链式有源电力滤波器输出补偿电流中含有开关谐波的问题设计了LRC型输出滤波器。
在控制方法上,对于单相供电的电气化铁路牵引供电系统,本文采用了基于瞬时无功功率理论的单相电路谐波检测方法。针对链式有源电力滤波器直流侧电压不稳定以及各阀组单元直流侧电压不平衡现象,本文提出了一种直流侧电压均衡控制方法,很有效地解决了这一问题。为了实现对链式有源电力滤波器的有效控制以达到预期的滤波效果,本文设计了由主控机箱和扩展机箱所构成的控制器。在该控制器中,主控机箱主要完成数据处理和命令下发的任务,各扩展机箱主要完成数据的采集和命令执行的任务,它们之间通过光纤交换各种信息。仿真分析表明采用本文控制系统的链式有源电力滤波器有很好的谐波补偿能力。
通过对厂内试验以及神朔牵引变电所的挂网运行试验的结果分析表明,本文研究的链式有源电力滤波器能够有效地补偿电气化铁路谐波,与补偿前相比,系统中谐波含量大大降低,满足谐波方面的国家标准。由此可见,该方案具有良好的滤波性能,完全能满足电气化铁路谐波补偿的要求,具有良好的应用前景。
Electric locomotive with its energy-saving, environmental protection, efficient advantage has replaced traditional diesel locomotive, to become the main force of China's railway transportation industry. At the same time, due to the electric locomotives converter circuit contains a large number of non-linear power electronic devices, as well as the operational status of the complex electric locomotive makes the running electric locomotive will generate a lot of harmonics. When these harmonics injected into the public grid, it will produce great harm, so we must do the work of electric railway harmonic control. The harmonic control study mainly focused on two aspects, harmonic analysis and harmonic compensation.
In the field of harmonic analysis, the following analysis methods are being adopted.fast Fourier transform method, based on expansion Prony algorithm, artificial neural power line and wavelet transform. In recent years, wavelet transform has gradually become the hot spot of research in the field of signal analysis with its unique advantages, one of the focus of this study is the wavelet transform theory applied to the electric railway harmonic analysis. First, through the theoretical analysis verify the importance of selecting the appropriate wavelet function, and then based on the guidelines for the minimum length description of wavelet db10wavelet function select harmonic signal treatment and further select a reasonable decomposition level. Finally, simulate the analysis of harmonic current electric locomotive through using two methods of Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis respectively. By a comparative analysis of the two sets of simulation results we can know that wavelet analysis not only make the fundamental component of the harmonic currents and harmonic components of the electric locomotive effectively separated, and then get the relevant parameters such as the effective value of the harmonic, and have higher accuracy and real-time compared with Fourier analysis method.
To solve the problem of active power filter application in the high power applications of electrified railways harmonic compensation, In this paper, a cascade active power filter based on a new hanging capacity of harmonic compensation package is being proposed. First, the main circuit topology works of the cascade active power filter were introduced. Then, the main circuit switching devices for the system overall are designed, the valve block unit as the cascade cascade APF core H-bridge and illustrate the start-up mode and redundant safety protection are designed. Finally, the number of cascaded H-bridge structure, switching frequency, the DC side capacitance values and other parameters and with the switching harmonics for cascade APF output compensation current I design the LCR output filter are designed.
In order to achieve effective control of the cascade APF filter to achieve the desired effect, this paper designed a controller assisted of the master chassis and expansion chassis. In the controller, the main chassis mainly completes the function of the data processing and the commendation of task, the expansion chassis mainly completes the function of the data acquisition and the commendation of performing the task and exchange various kinds of information through the optical. The control method for single-phase power supply of electric railway traction power supply system, this paper based on the instantaneous reactive power theory of single-phase circuit harmonic detection method. Against the cascade APF DC side voltage instability as well as the various manifolds unit DC voltage imbalance, this paper presents a DC voltage balance control method, a very effective way to solve this problem. Finally, the simulation results show that the control system cascade APF has good harmonic compensation.
The test Shenshuo traction substations linked power line running test results analysis shows that the cascade Active Power Filter can effectively compensate the electrified railway harmonics, harmonic content in the system is greatly reduced compared with with compensation, meet harmonic regard national standards. This shows that the program has a good filtering performance, fully able to meet the the harmonic compensation requirements of electric railway, and has good application prospects.
在谐波分析领域,目前采用的分析方法主要有快速傅里叶变换法、基于扩展Prony算法、人工神经网络以及小波变换等。近年来,小波变换以其独特的优势逐渐成为信号分析领域研究的热点,本文研究的重点之一就是将小波变换理论应用到电气化铁路谐波分析中。通过理论分析验证了选取合适小波函数的重要性,根据最小长度描述准选择将db10小波选为处理谐波信号的最佳小波函数,并进一步选取了合理的分解层数。文中分别利用傅里叶分析以及小波分析两种方法对电力机车谐波电流进行仿真分析,通过对两组仿真结果进行比较分析可知,小波分析可以将电力机车谐波电流的基波分量和谐波分量有效地分离开来,进而获得谐波的有效值等相关参数,与傅里叶分析方法相比具有更高的精确度和实时性。
在谐波补偿方面,本文提出一种新型直挂式大容量的链式有源电力滤波器的谐波补偿方案。对链式有源电力滤波器的主电路拓扑结构及其工作原理进行了介绍,选择了适合本系统的主电路开关器件,对作为级联结构的链式有源电力滤波器核心的H桥阀组单元进行了总体设计,给出了启动方式及冗余安全保护设计。同时设计了级联H桥结构数目、开关频率、直流侧电容值等参数,并针对链式有源电力滤波器输出补偿电流中含有开关谐波的问题设计了LRC型输出滤波器。
在控制方法上,对于单相供电的电气化铁路牵引供电系统,本文采用了基于瞬时无功功率理论的单相电路谐波检测方法。针对链式有源电力滤波器直流侧电压不稳定以及各阀组单元直流侧电压不平衡现象,本文提出了一种直流侧电压均衡控制方法,很有效地解决了这一问题。为了实现对链式有源电力滤波器的有效控制以达到预期的滤波效果,本文设计了由主控机箱和扩展机箱所构成的控制器。在该控制器中,主控机箱主要完成数据处理和命令下发的任务,各扩展机箱主要完成数据的采集和命令执行的任务,它们之间通过光纤交换各种信息。仿真分析表明采用本文控制系统的链式有源电力滤波器有很好的谐波补偿能力。
通过对厂内试验以及神朔牵引变电所的挂网运行试验的结果分析表明,本文研究的链式有源电力滤波器能够有效地补偿电气化铁路谐波,与补偿前相比,系统中谐波含量大大降低,满足谐波方面的国家标准。由此可见,该方案具有良好的滤波性能,完全能满足电气化铁路谐波补偿的要求,具有良好的应用前景。
Electric locomotive with its energy-saving, environmental protection, efficient advantage has replaced traditional diesel locomotive, to become the main force of China's railway transportation industry. At the same time, due to the electric locomotives converter circuit contains a large number of non-linear power electronic devices, as well as the operational status of the complex electric locomotive makes the running electric locomotive will generate a lot of harmonics. When these harmonics injected into the public grid, it will produce great harm, so we must do the work of electric railway harmonic control. The harmonic control study mainly focused on two aspects, harmonic analysis and harmonic compensation.
In the field of harmonic analysis, the following analysis methods are being adopted.fast Fourier transform method, based on expansion Prony algorithm, artificial neural power line and wavelet transform. In recent years, wavelet transform has gradually become the hot spot of research in the field of signal analysis with its unique advantages, one of the focus of this study is the wavelet transform theory applied to the electric railway harmonic analysis. First, through the theoretical analysis verify the importance of selecting the appropriate wavelet function, and then based on the guidelines for the minimum length description of wavelet db10wavelet function select harmonic signal treatment and further select a reasonable decomposition level. Finally, simulate the analysis of harmonic current electric locomotive through using two methods of Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis respectively. By a comparative analysis of the two sets of simulation results we can know that wavelet analysis not only make the fundamental component of the harmonic currents and harmonic components of the electric locomotive effectively separated, and then get the relevant parameters such as the effective value of the harmonic, and have higher accuracy and real-time compared with Fourier analysis method.
To solve the problem of active power filter application in the high power applications of electrified railways harmonic compensation, In this paper, a cascade active power filter based on a new hanging capacity of harmonic compensation package is being proposed. First, the main circuit topology works of the cascade active power filter were introduced. Then, the main circuit switching devices for the system overall are designed, the valve block unit as the cascade cascade APF core H-bridge and illustrate the start-up mode and redundant safety protection are designed. Finally, the number of cascaded H-bridge structure, switching frequency, the DC side capacitance values and other parameters and with the switching harmonics for cascade APF output compensation current I design the LCR output filter are designed.
In order to achieve effective control of the cascade APF filter to achieve the desired effect, this paper designed a controller assisted of the master chassis and expansion chassis. In the controller, the main chassis mainly completes the function of the data processing and the commendation of task, the expansion chassis mainly completes the function of the data acquisition and the commendation of performing the task and exchange various kinds of information through the optical. The control method for single-phase power supply of electric railway traction power supply system, this paper based on the instantaneous reactive power theory of single-phase circuit harmonic detection method. Against the cascade APF DC side voltage instability as well as the various manifolds unit DC voltage imbalance, this paper presents a DC voltage balance control method, a very effective way to solve this problem. Finally, the simulation results show that the control system cascade APF has good harmonic compensation.
The test Shenshuo traction substations linked power line running test results analysis shows that the cascade Active Power Filter can effectively compensate the electrified railway harmonics, harmonic content in the system is greatly reduced compared with with compensation, meet harmonic regard national standards. This shows that the program has a good filtering performance, fully able to meet the the harmonic compensation requirements of electric railway, and has good application prospects.
引文
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