用户名: 密码: 验证码:
泔脚垃圾废油脂在厌氧消化过程中的极限有机负荷研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
泔脚废油脂再生能源化是目前国内外较少涉足的研究领域。本试验选取泔脚废油脂作为实验材料,利用猪粪作为接种物在中温(35℃)条件下进行不同有机负荷厌氧消化试验。试验将废油脂与猪粪混合于CSTR反应器中,采用半连续运行方式。本试验通过监测分析系统的pH值、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、氨氮、碱度、产气量以及气体组分等参数,研究了泔脚废油脂的厌氧消化规律,寻求废油脂厌氧消化的极限负荷。试验表明:
     (1)先将猪粪添加到自制的CSTR反应器中进行驯化,驯化成功后再将泔脚废油脂加入系统中进行厌氧消化试验,细菌很快适应环境,系统水解酸化和产甲烷过程能有序进行,并表现出良好的运行状况,废油脂能得到有效降解。
     (2)随着有机负荷逐步从0.5gVS/(L.d).0.75gVS/(L.d)、1.0gVS/(L.d)升高到1.25gVS/(L.d)时,pH值、VFA浓度、碱度和氨氮分别保持在7.3、450mg/L、9500mg/L和1100mg/L左右。累计产气量和产气率不断增加,产气量分别为90.21L、136.24L、196、64L,平均产气率分别为1.36L/gVS、1.4L/gVS、1.5L/gVS。各项指标表明,低有机负荷环境适合微生物的生长代谢,系统处于稳定状态。在有机负荷为1.25gVS/(L.d)时条件下运行效果最佳,产气量稳定,最大日产气量为17.6L,平均产气率最大为1.78L/gVS,甲烷百分含量为60%。
     (3)当系统在高有机负荷条件下运行时,pH值不断下降,在有机负荷为1.5gVS/(L.d)时,pH值下降到7.1左右,当有机负荷达到1.75gVS/(L.d)时,pH值从7.0下降到了6.6,VFA浓度从809mg/L升高到3697mg/L,产气量减少到167.6L,系统甲烷化受到抑制,甲烷百分含量降低到10%,甚至更低。
     (4)泔脚废油脂的产甲烷能力比一般泔脚垃圾强,但是废油脂的厌氧消化更易产生酸抑制,因此,试验要求的厌氧消化系统应该有更高的耐废油脂类有机负荷能力。
Hogwash waste grease renewable energy technology was less involved at home and abroad.The anaerobic digestion experiment was processed with different organic loading at35℃.The test selected waste grease of the hogwash as the experimental materials and pig manure as inoculum,which mixed in a CSTR reactor with an adopted semi-continuous operation mode. The experiment studied the anaerobic digestion regularity and the limiting organic load of hogwash waste grease, by monitoring and analyzing the pH value, volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia nitrogen, alkalinity, gas production and gas composition. The results indicated that:
     (1) The bacterial got high adaptability to the reacting environment when adding the pig manure to the self-made CSTR reactor for acclimatization,and then putting the hogwash waste grease to the system affter a succesfully domestication.The hydrolysis acidification and methanogenic process run orderly.The whole system went well, and the grease could be degraded effectively.
     (2) When the organic load gradually increased from0.5gVS/(L.d),0.75gVS/(L.d),1gVS/(L.d) to1.25gVS/(L.d),the pH, VFA concentration, alkalinity and ammonia nitrogen kept at7.3,450mg/L,9500mg/L and1100mg/L,respectively. The cumulative gas production and gas production rate increased constantly.The gas productions were90.21L,136.24L,196.64L,and the average production rate were1.36L/gVS,1.4L/gVS,1.5L/gVS, respectively. The results showed that low organic loading environment was suitable for microorganism growing and the system remained steady. When the organic load was1.25gVS/(L.d), the system run best and the gas production was stable.The maximum gas production per day was17.6L, the average gas production ratecould reach1.78L/gVS and the content of methane occupied60%of the gas.
     (3) When the system ran at high organic load,the pH was falling.When the organic load was1.5gVS/(L.d), the pH dropped to7.1, when the organic load reached1.75gVS/(L.d), the pH decreased from7.0to6.6, the VFA concentration increased from809mg/L to3697mg/L,gas production reduced to167.6L, the methanation of the system is inhibited, the content of methane fell to10%or even lower.
     (4) The methane generating ability of hogwash waste grease is better than the common food residue.However the anaerobic digestion of waste grease was more likely to appear acid inhibition, therefore, the anaerobic digestion system of this test required a higher organic load resistance to the waste grease.
引文
[1]赵杰红,张波,蔡伟民.温度对餐余垃圾两相厌氧消解中水解和酸化过程的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(8):1682-1686.
    [2]龚咏梅,木晓丽,赵秀兰.餐厨垃圾与污泥联合两步厌氧发酵产酸阶段条件优化试验[J].环境化学,2011,30(4):856-861.
    [3]葛亚军,马婧一,阮晓东.餐厨垃圾综合利用及相关处理工艺比较[J].城市管理技术,2012,2:61-63.
    [4]冀星.利用餐厨垃圾中的油脂生产生物柴油技术与政策问题研究.中国能源,2011,33(9):36-39.
    [5]L.Neves, R.Oliveira, M.M.Alves. Co-digestion of cow manure,food waste and intermittent input of fat[J]. BioresourceTechnology,2009,100:1957-1962.
    [6]李小风.油脂对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化抑制效应的试验研究[D].重庆大学,2010.
    [7]Begum M, Rai V R, Lokesh S. Effect of Mycoflora on The Physico-Chemical Characteristic of Oil Obtained from the Infected Sunflower, Toria and Sesame Seeds[J].J. Food Sci. Technol.2003,40(6):626-628.
    [8]王连生,周福生等.废弃食用油脂资源化与交通污染减量化.环境前线,2008(1):26-29.
    [9]刘冰冰,陆瑶.国内外废弃食用油应用研究进展.中外健康文摘,2010,26(7):368-369.
    [10]王星,王德汉,李俊飞等.餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化技术现状分析[J]中国沼气,2006,24(2):35-39.
    [11]吴燕,张文阳,庞艳.畜禽养殖废物资源化与“零废物”目标[J].中国畜牧杂志,2009,45(8):9-12.
    [12]韦成健,张文阳等.半连续泔脚垃圾与猪粪混合厌氧消化研究[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(4):124-127.
    [13]李荣平,李秀金.半连续式厨余和牛粪混合厌氧消化[J].北京化工大学学报,2007,34:8-11.
    [14]Jung Kon Kim,Young Nam Chun. Effects of Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste[J] Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2006,4(102):328-332.
    [15]Maria Jose Cuetos,Xiomar G6mez,Marta Otero.Anaerobic digestion of solid slaughterhouse waste (SHW) at laboratory scale:Influence of co-digestion with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2008,40:99-106.
    [16]M.A.Pereira,A.J.Cavaleiro,M.Mota,M.M.Alves. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids onto anaerobic sludge under steady state and shock loading conditions:effect on acetogenic and methanogenic activity[J].Water Sci. Technol,2003,48:33-40.
    [17]Chenxi Li,Pascale Champagne,Bruce C.Anderson.Evaluating and modeling biogas production from municipal fat, oil, and grease and synthetic kitchen waste in anaerodic co-digestiona[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102:9471-9480.
    [18]Wen-Chien Kuo,Kae-Yiin Cheng.Use of respirometer in evaluation of process and toxicity of thermophilic anaerobic digestion for treating kitchen waste [J].Bio-resource Technology,2007,98:1805-1811.
    [19]楚莉莉.不同原料及其配比厌氧发酵产气效果研究[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2008.
    [20]徐文龙,卢云方,RUDOLF W等.城市生活垃圾管理与处理技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
    [21]蒋建国.固体废物处置与资源化[M].化学工业出版社,2007.
    [22]沈德中.环境资源微生物学[MI.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003.
    [23]边炳鑫,赵由才,康文泽等.农业固体废物的处理与综合利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:205-206.
    [24]张国政.产甲烷菌的一般特征探讨[J].中国沼气,1990,8(2):5-8.
    [25]李顺鹏.产甲烷细菌和古细菌研究进展[J].江苏沼气,1992(4):1-4.
    [26]饶玲华.餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产沼气规律研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2011.
    [27]傅霖,辛明秀.产甲烷菌的生态多样性及工业应用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2009,15(4):574-578.
    [28]关伟,周晓铁,肖莆.生物质能利用技术-厌氧消化技术的研究新进展[J].环境科学与管理,2009,34(8):53-57.
    [29]任连海,聂永丰.餐厨废油高效分离回收工艺研究[J].城市管理技术,2009,(4):52-54.
    [30]吕凡,何品晶等.废食用油脂作生物柴油原料的可行性分析[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006,75(2):9-12.
    [31]曹文明,薛斌,陈凤香等.食用植物油与餐厨废油脂中的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2012,27(11):96-99.
    [32]张雪琰,牟志春,徐琴等.食用油与地沟油中反式脂肪酸的聚类分析[J].分析测试学报,2012,31(增刊):15-18.
    [33]马遇涵.废弃油脂的管理与利用[J].能源研究与利用,2001,(2):6-8.
    [34]Mongkolthanaruk W,Dharmsthiti S.Biodegradation of lipid-rich wastewater by a mixed bacterial consortium International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation,2002,50:101-105.
    [35]邓鹏,程永强,薛文通.油脂氧化及其氧化稳定性测定方法[J]食品科学,2005,26,增刊:196-199.
    [36]何晟.浅析餐厨垃圾利用处置不当产生的危害[J].环境卫生工程,2010,18(4): 13-14.
    [37]全常春,尹平河,赵玲等.精炼餐饮业地沟油挥发性危害成分的GC/MS静态顶空分析[J].食品科学,2004,25(4):128-134.
    [38]尚闻.“垃圾老油”危害健康的致癌物质[J].健康人生,2006,(6):4-5.
    [39]王益民,毛小江,刘艳娟等.餐饮业废油脂生产混凝土制品脱模剂的试验研究[J].粮油加工,2008(6):129-130.
    [40]张飞,聂麦茜.废弃食用油脂生产单细胞蛋白的研究[J].环保科技,2011,3:1-4.
    [41]郭卫军,闵恩泽.发展我国生物柴油的初探[J].石油学报(石油加工),2003,19(2):1-5.
    [42]张栋,杨军,许春丽.以蛋壳和模拟地沟油为原料制备油酸钙和生物柴油的研究[C].第八届全国工业催化技术及应用年会论文集.西安,212-214.
    [43]曾彩明,陈沛全,李娴.餐饮废油脂制备生物柴油的现状与发展[J].东莞理工学院学报,2010,17(3):92-96.
    [44]连清林,潘一,杨双春.地沟油制备生物柴油的方法研究进展[J].环境科技,2012,25(6):73-75.
    [45]任连海.我国餐厨废油的产生现状、危害及资源化技术[J].北京工商大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(6):11-14.
    [46]娄文勇,蔡俊,段章群等.基于纤维素的固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化高酸值废油脂生产生物柴油[J].催化学报,2011,32(11):1755-1761.
    [47]陈文伟,周晶,高荫榆等.包衣酶催化地沟油制备生物柴油[J].太阳能学报,2009,30(10):1347-1350.
    [48]徐伟,刘峥,刘宝玉等.餐饮业废油脂生产生物柴油绿色化工艺的研究[J]化学与生物工程,2009,26(12):77-81.
    [49]王剑,万杰,李博.制约地沟油制取生物柴油的因素及对策[C]//全国农村清洁能源与低碳技术学术研讨会论文集.郑州,2011.
    [50]郭萍梅,黄凤洪,黄庆德等.利用Biopro型设备转化废弃油脂制备生物柴油[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):133-137.
    [51]邓琪,尹平河,赵玲等.餐饮业废油脂皂化工艺的探索[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004,5(2):38-41.
    [52]赵玲,尹平河,邓琪.餐饮业废油脂脱色及皂化工艺[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2004,25(5):632-636.
    [53]马毅红.利用餐饮业地沟油生产无磷洗衣粉的研究[D].广州:暨南大学硕士,2004.
    [54]餐厨垃圾中温厌氧消化工艺性能及特征影响因素研究[D].江苏:东南大学,2009.
    [55]罗跃中,贺召平,兰立新等.油脂下脚料中残油微生物降解初步研究[J].氨基 酸和生物资源,2012,34(1):62-65.
    [56]金建云.餐厨垃圾快速分解菌的筛选鉴定及优化组合[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2005.
    [57]周卓为,杨幼惠,石文香等.餐厨废水处理脂肪酶产生菌的鉴定及油脂降解特性研究[J],轻工科技,2012(9):97-98.
    [58]李荣平,葛亚军,王奎升等.餐厨垃圾特性及其厌氧消化性能研究[J].可再生能源,2010,28(1):76-80.
    [59]刘国防,梁志伟,杨尚源等.油脂废水生物处理研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(8):2219-2226.
    [60]张碧波.城市有机垃圾与污泥联合消化的试验研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2006.
    [61]曹国民,盛梅,高广达.脂肪酶催化动物脂肪水解[J].中国油脂,1997,22(2):29-30.
    [62]王暾.油脂和盐分对餐厨垃圾单级厌氧消化影响的试验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
    [63]张波,徐建波,蔡伟民.有机废物厌氧消化过程中氨氮的抑制性影响[J].中国沼气,2003,21(3):26-28.
    [64]李文哲,王忠江,王丽丽等.影响牛粪高浓度水解酸化过程中乙酸含量的因素研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,4(24):204-208.
    [65]周仲魁,孙占学,高柏.温度对高校生活垃圾厌氧消化影响的试验研究[J].东华理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,35(4):412-415.
    [66]吴满昌,孙可伟,李如燕等.温度对城市生活垃圾厌氧消化的影响[J].生态环境,2005,14(5):683-685.
    [67]吴云,张代钧,杨钢.厌氧消化过程中温度骤降对酸化活动抑制性的研究[J].境工程学报,2010,4(4):931-934.
    [68].Birgitte K.Ahring,Ashraf A.Ibrahim,Zuzana Miadenovska. Effect of temperature increase from 55 to 65℃ on performance and microbial population dynamics of an anaerobic reactor treating cattle manure[J].Water Research,2001,35(10):2446-2452.
    [69]赵芳,李江华,董滨等.长链脂肪酸对厌氧消化产沼的抑制作用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(25):12564-12567.
    [70]Michael J.Broughton,et al. Anaerobic batch digestion of sheep tallow. Wat.Res. 1998,32(5):1423-1428.
    [71]彭绪亚,贾传兴,潘坚等.餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化系统酸化预警指标[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(4):146-150.
    [72]赵杰红,张波,蔡伟民.厌氧消化系统中丙酸积累及控制研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(3):25-27.
    [73]李彦春.影响厌氧消化的有毒物质讨论[J].环境科学技术,1990,3(3):39-42.
    [74]赵芳,李江华,董滨等.长链脂肪酸对厌氧消化产沼的抑制作用研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学,2012,40(25):12564-12567.
    [75]M.A.Pereira, A.J.Cavaleiro, M.Mota, M.M.Alves. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids onto anaerobic sludge under steady state and shock loading conditions: effect on acetogenic and methanogenic activity, Water Sci. Technol.2003, (48):33-40.
    [76]Wen-Chien Kuo, Kae-Yiin Cheng.Use of respirometer in evaluation of process and toxicity of thermophilic anaerobic digestion for treating kitchen waste Bio-resource Technology.2007,(98):1805-1811.
    [77]周洪波,陈坚,赵由才等.长链脂肪酸对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷毒性研究[J].水处理技术,2002,28(2):93-97.
    [78]张记市,张雷,王华.城市有机生活垃圾厌氧发酵处理研究[J].生态环境2005,14(3):321-324.
    [79]Karim, K, Hoffmann, R, Klasson, T. Anaerobic digestion of animal waste:effect of mode mixing [J]. Water Research,2005,39:3597-3606.
    [80]张勤,王克科,赵颖等.厌氧消化法处理畜禽养殖业废水的影响因素及综合利用[J].河南畜牧兽医,2005,26(9):8-10.
    [81]李刚,杨立中,欧阳峰.厌氧消化过程控制因素及pH和Eh的影响分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2001,36(5):518-521.
    [82]He Sung Jee, Naomidii Nisbio, Shiro Nagai. Influence of redox Potential on biomethanation of H2 and CO2 by Methanobacaerium Tbennoautotropbicum in El-stat batch cultures [J]. Tournalof Genernal Applical and Microbiology,1987, 33:401-408.
    [83]周威,郑璞,倪晔等.氧化还原电位对Actinobacillus succinogenes厌氧发酵生产丁二酸的影响[J].生物加工过程,2008,6(6):12-18.
    [84]李亚新.厌氧消化过程中甲烷菌的无机营养需求[J].中国沼气,1996,14(1):1-4.
    [85]张勤,王克科,赵颖等厌氧消化法处理畜禽养殖业废水的影响因素及综合利用[J].河南畜牧兽医,2005,26(9):8-10.
    [86]ChenW H, Han S K, Sung SW.2003. Sodium inhibition of the rmophilic methanogens[J]. J Environ Eng,129:506-51.
    [87]史忠义.影响废水厌氧消化处理的有毒物质及控制[J].化工给排水设计,1983,(4):16-33.
    [88]马磊,王德汉,谢锡龙等.接种量对餐厨垃圾高温厌氧消化的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(12):178-182.
    [89]张振宏,赵岚,曹先艳.微生物来源对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产氢的影响[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2009,30(2):43-45.
    [90]贺延龄.废水的厌氧生物处理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998:535-537.
    [91]吕凡,何品晶,邵立明等.pH值对易腐有机垃圾厌氧发酵产物分布的影响[J].环境科学,2006,27(5):991-996.
    [92]Yu H Q, Fang H H P. Acidogenesis of geltin-rich wastewater in an upflow anaerobic reactoninfluence of pH and temperature[J].Wat Res,2003,25:55-66.
    [93]付云霞,张文阳,王凤等.城市生活垃圾中可生化单基质的厌氧消化[J].四川环境,2008,27(2):27-31.
    [94]张波,蔡伟民,何品晶.pH调节方法对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化中水解和酸化过程的影响[J].环境科学学报,2006,1(26):45-49.
    [95]Hansen K H,Angelidaki I,Ahring B K.Anaerobic digestion of swine manure: inhibition by ammonia[J].Water resource,1998,32(1):5-12.
    [96]林代炎,林新坚,杨菁等.产甲烷菌在厌氧消化中的应用研究进展[J].福建农业学报,2008,23(1):106-110.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700