辣椒疫病拮抗内生放线菌的筛选及其发酵培养条件研究
|
摘要
通过皿内对峙试验从242株供试内生放线菌中筛选到辣椒疫霉病菌拮抗菌62株,抑菌带宽度≥5mm的24株,占试验总菌株的10%,分别分离自黄瓜、牛蒡等9种植物的根部、茎部和叶片。用管碟法进行抑菌活性复筛,发现其中6株的无菌滤液对辣椒疫霉病菌和大豆疫霉病菌的抑菌圈直径≥20mm,其中gCLA4的抑菌活性最强。进一步的研究结果表明,该菌株的无菌滤液能够强烈抑制病菌孢子囊的形成及游动孢子的释放,原液对孢子囊形成及游动孢子释放的抑制率分别高达100%和96.2%,稀释50倍后的抑制率仍分别达95.3%和85.6%,并且对其菌丝生长也有明显的抑制作用,无菌滤液在15.0%稀释终浓度下的菌丝生长抑制率为87.2%。温室盆栽试验结果表明,菌株gCLA4对苗期的辣椒疫病有较好防效。接种疫霉菌前48h、24h和0h以20ml/盆(2株/盆)浇灌gCLA4菌株无菌滤液于辣椒苗基部土壤,接种后7d调查病株率,显示其防效分别达100%、92.3%和80.8%,而接种14d后分别为77.8%、55.6%和36.1%。
对其摇瓶种子液培养基和发酵培养基以及发酵条件进行了研究,初步筛选出适合内生放线菌gCLA4产生抗菌物质的种子液培养基为黄豆粉培养基,培养36h其生物量达最大;发酵液的培养基最适配方为:1%葡萄糖、0.4%可溶性淀粉、0.2%甘油、2%黄豆粉、0.4%蛋白胨、0.6%(NH4)SO4、0.2%NaCl、0.03% MgSO4·7H2O、0.1%CaCO3、0.02% KH2PO4,初始pH为6.5~7.0。最适发酵培养条件为:接种量12%,装液量50mL/250mL瓶,温度28℃,转速150r/min,培养时间96h。
内生放线菌gCLA4发酵液的粗提物对辣椒疫霉菌孢子囊的形成,游动孢子的释放以及菌丝生长均具有较强的抑制作用。当粗提物浓度为6mg/mL时,对辣椒疫霉菌孢子囊形成,游动孢子释放的抑制率分别为95.0%和90.4%,对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率为95.6%。随着粗提物浓度的降低其抑制效果也相应的下降,当粗提物浓度为0.5mg/mL时,对辣椒疫霉菌孢子囊形成,游动孢子释放的抑制率分别为4.7%和2.9%,对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率为12.0%。
Screening of 242 endophytic actinomycetes in plate showed that 62 strains were antagonistic against Phytophthora capsici. Of which 24 strains showed more than 5mm in inhibition zone. These, isolated from 9 plant species, including cucumber, burdock et al. were 10% of the total strains tasted. Re-screening by the cup-plate method, the cell-free fermentation of 6 strains were both antagonistic against P. capsici and P. sojae. Their diameter of inhibition zone was exceeded 20mm. Further investigation showed that the strain gCLA4 inhibited sporangia and zoospores production of P. capsici, respectively 100% and 96.2%. The inhibitory effect of the cell-free filtrate of gCLA4 fermentation 50 times dilution were 95.3% and 85.6% respectively. Pot experiments in greenhouse showed that the cell-free filtrate of gCLA4 fermentation have a good control efficacy to the pepper phytophthora blight in seedlings after inoculated with pathogen. Using gCLA4 cell-free filtrate 48h, 24h and 0h before inoculation, the biocontrol efficacy were 100%, 92.3% and 80.8% respectively investigated 7d after inoculation. The biocontrol efficacy was 77.8%, 55.6% and 36.1% respectively 14d after inoculation. The result showed that endophytic actinomycetes strain gCLA4 was a potential biocontrol agent in pepper Phytophthora blight control.
Screen the optimal fermentation medium and the optimal culture condition for strain gCLA4. The optimal seed medium was Soybean Flour medium, culture time 36h. And the optimal conditions as the medium(%) was composed of glucose1, starch soluble0.4, glycerol0.2, soybean flour2, peptone0.4, (NH4)SO40.6, NaCl0.2, MgSO4·7H2O0.05, KH2PO40.05, CaCO30.1, pH6.5~7.0. The optimum fermentation condition for the strain: the optimum temperature was 28℃, 250mL shake bottle filled with 50mL liquid medium, inoculation volume was 12%, the agitation speed was 150r/min, fermentation time 96h.
The investigation showed that the crude extracts of strain gCLA4 inhibited sporangia and zoospores production of P. capsici respectively 95.5% and 90.4%, also it suppressed mycelium growth of P. capsici, the inhibitory effect of 6mg/mL gCLA4 crude extracts was 95.6% respectively.
对其摇瓶种子液培养基和发酵培养基以及发酵条件进行了研究,初步筛选出适合内生放线菌gCLA4产生抗菌物质的种子液培养基为黄豆粉培养基,培养36h其生物量达最大;发酵液的培养基最适配方为:1%葡萄糖、0.4%可溶性淀粉、0.2%甘油、2%黄豆粉、0.4%蛋白胨、0.6%(NH4)SO4、0.2%NaCl、0.03% MgSO4·7H2O、0.1%CaCO3、0.02% KH2PO4,初始pH为6.5~7.0。最适发酵培养条件为:接种量12%,装液量50mL/250mL瓶,温度28℃,转速150r/min,培养时间96h。
内生放线菌gCLA4发酵液的粗提物对辣椒疫霉菌孢子囊的形成,游动孢子的释放以及菌丝生长均具有较强的抑制作用。当粗提物浓度为6mg/mL时,对辣椒疫霉菌孢子囊形成,游动孢子释放的抑制率分别为95.0%和90.4%,对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率为95.6%。随着粗提物浓度的降低其抑制效果也相应的下降,当粗提物浓度为0.5mg/mL时,对辣椒疫霉菌孢子囊形成,游动孢子释放的抑制率分别为4.7%和2.9%,对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率为12.0%。
Screening of 242 endophytic actinomycetes in plate showed that 62 strains were antagonistic against Phytophthora capsici. Of which 24 strains showed more than 5mm in inhibition zone. These, isolated from 9 plant species, including cucumber, burdock et al. were 10% of the total strains tasted. Re-screening by the cup-plate method, the cell-free fermentation of 6 strains were both antagonistic against P. capsici and P. sojae. Their diameter of inhibition zone was exceeded 20mm. Further investigation showed that the strain gCLA4 inhibited sporangia and zoospores production of P. capsici, respectively 100% and 96.2%. The inhibitory effect of the cell-free filtrate of gCLA4 fermentation 50 times dilution were 95.3% and 85.6% respectively. Pot experiments in greenhouse showed that the cell-free filtrate of gCLA4 fermentation have a good control efficacy to the pepper phytophthora blight in seedlings after inoculated with pathogen. Using gCLA4 cell-free filtrate 48h, 24h and 0h before inoculation, the biocontrol efficacy were 100%, 92.3% and 80.8% respectively investigated 7d after inoculation. The biocontrol efficacy was 77.8%, 55.6% and 36.1% respectively 14d after inoculation. The result showed that endophytic actinomycetes strain gCLA4 was a potential biocontrol agent in pepper Phytophthora blight control.
Screen the optimal fermentation medium and the optimal culture condition for strain gCLA4. The optimal seed medium was Soybean Flour medium, culture time 36h. And the optimal conditions as the medium(%) was composed of glucose1, starch soluble0.4, glycerol0.2, soybean flour2, peptone0.4, (NH4)SO40.6, NaCl0.2, MgSO4·7H2O0.05, KH2PO40.05, CaCO30.1, pH6.5~7.0. The optimum fermentation condition for the strain: the optimum temperature was 28℃, 250mL shake bottle filled with 50mL liquid medium, inoculation volume was 12%, the agitation speed was 150r/min, fermentation time 96h.
The investigation showed that the crude extracts of strain gCLA4 inhibited sporangia and zoospores production of P. capsici respectively 95.5% and 90.4%, also it suppressed mycelium growth of P. capsici, the inhibitory effect of 6mg/mL gCLA4 crude extracts was 95.6% respectively.
引文
[1] 鲁占魁,樊仲庆,黄刚.我国辣椒疫病的发生情况及防治研究.宁夏农业科技,1995.
[2] 邹学校.中国辣椒[M].中国农业出版社,2002
[3] Adrain, L. Isozyme subgroups in Trichoderma Section longibrchiatum[J]. Mycologia1996 ,88(3):384-394
[4] 李兴红,李明远.茄果类蔬菜病虫害识别与防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[5] 程范耿.辣椒疫病的诊断及其防治[J].蔬菜,2000,(5):22
[6] [美]C J 阿历索保罗 C W 明斯,M 布莱克韦尔著.姚一建,李玉,主译,李玉,等总校.菌物学概论(第四版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002 年.
[7] 邢来君,李明春编著. 普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1999.
[8] 文景芝,贾文香,张明厚等. 黑龙江省南瓜疫霉病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报,1998,28(3): 261-262.
[9] 郑小波著. 疫霉菌及其研究技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[10] 程云,沈崇尧,段道环. 青辣椒疫菌为北京地区青辣椒死秧的主要原因[[J].植物病理学报,1988,18(1): 7-11.
[11] 马辉刚. 云南辣椒疫病菌种的鉴定[J].云南农业大学学报 ,1988,3(2):127-130.
[12] 王燕华,杨顺宝. 上海地区甜椒疫病病菌的鉴定[J].上海农业科技,1992,(1):20-21.
[13] 魏成贵,袁玉侠. 青椒疫病防治研究初报[J].辽宁农业科学,1989,(1):35-39.
[14] 朱宗源, 周新根.用生防制剂防治青椒疫病[J].上海农业学报,1995,11(1):64-68.
[15] 黄世玉. 植物疫霉与疫病[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1993.
[16] Kim, F.S. and Hwang, B. K. Virulence to Korea pepper cultivars of Phytophthora capsici form different geographic areas[J]. Plant Disease, 1992 (76):486-489
[17] 王得元,安康,王汝贤. 广州市辣椒疫病病原鉴定[J].广东农业科学,2001, (1 ): 37-39
[18] Polach, F. J. and Webster, R. K. Identification of strains and inheritance of pathogenicity in
[19] Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology. 1972 (62):20-26
[20] HWang, B. K., de Cock, A. W A. M., Bahnweg, G. et al. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondria DNA among Phytophthora capsici isolates from pepper(Capsicum annuum) [J]. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1991 (14):111-116
[21] 戚仁德,丁建成,顾江涛. 辣椒疫霉致病力分化的初步研究[J].植物保护学报,2002.29 (2 ): 189-190
[22] 武华国. 辣椒疫病病原物的特征、病害循环及其防治措施[J].湖南农业科学,2000,5
[23] 陈利锋. 农业植物病理学[M],北京:中国农业出版社,2002
[24] 陆家云. 植物病原真菌学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[25] 雷国明. 辣椒疫病研究的进展.江西农业科技[J],1993 (6): 41
[26] 丁建成,戚仁德,顾江涛等. 辣椒疫病发生原因与防治对策[J]. 安徽农业科学,2001,29(5): 651-652
[27] 唐德志. 甘肃辣椒疫病病原物与流行因素的研究[J]. 植物保护,1990, 16(2): 14...15
[28] 毛爱军,耿三省. 培养基种类对繁殖辣椒疫病菌的影响[J].北京农业科学,1999, 10.
[29] 常彩淘,王鸣,巩振辉. 诱发辣椒疫霉菌大量产孢的最佳方法[J].西北农业大学学报,1995(1):90-92
[30] 易图勇,张宝玺,谢丙炎等. 辣椒疫病三种接种方法的比较[J].中国蔬菜,2003 ( 2 ):16-18
[31] 林柏青,张松林. 辣椒品种抗疫病鉴定方法的初步研究[J].中国蔬菜,1994 (4 ): 21-25
[32] 冉莹青,利容千. 辣椒感染疫霉菌后几种霉活性及同功酶谱带变化[J].植物病理学报,1997,27(2):154-156
[33] 黄凤莲,刘寿明,曾瑞香等. 湘研辣椒品种抗疫病筛选及抗性机制研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,1999 (3 ): 37-39
[34] 王兰兰,程鸿. 辣椒苗期抗疫病鉴定及抗性机制的研究[J].甘肃农业科技,1996(3):37-39
[35] 刘建华,杨宇红,卢鉴值等. 辣椒种质资源对疫霉的抗病性鉴定研究[J].湖南农业科学,1998 ( 3):30-31
[36] 王得元,常彩淘,王鸣. 辣椒抗疫病的遗传与育种[J].中国蔬菜,1995 (3 ): 50-53
[37] 任华中. 辣椒抗疫病遗传与育种研究展望[J].中国农业大学学报,1996,1(3):71-76
[38] Forster H, Adaskaveg J E, Kim D H. Effect of phosphate on tomato and pepper plants and on susceptibility of pepper to Phytophthora root and crow rotin hydroponic culture[J]. Plant Disease, 1998. 82(10):1165-1170
[39] Xie Jinhui, Cardenas ES, Sammis Tw. Effects of irrigation method on Chile pepper yield and
[40] phytophthora blight root rot incidence[J]. Ariculture Water Management,1999,42(2):127-142
[41] 吕和平,郭满库,陈雨天等. 农业措施对辣椒疫病的生态控制效应[J].甘肃农业科技,1998 (3):43-05
[42] 程子林,张树建,关铁炼等. 采用嫁接方法防治青椒疫病的研究[J].天津农业科学,1998. 4 (4 ): 29-32
[43] 詹佑良,袁世佳,雷蕾等. 辣椒疫病发生规律及防治研究[J]. 西南农业学报.1991, 4(2): 91-95
[44] 贾菊生. 新疆辣椒疫病及防治研究[J].植物病理学报.1992, 22 (3): 257-262
[45] 吕和平,刘永刚,杜惠等. 辣椒疫病综合治理技术及应用[J]. 植物保护,2001, 27 (1 ):21-23
[46] 易图永,谢丙炎,张宝玺等. 辣椒疫病防治研究进展[J]. 中国蔬菜. 2002 ( 5 ): 52-55
[47] 邵见阳,马辉刚,苏玲. 辣椒疫霉病菌对内吸性杀菌剂抗药性的研究[J]. 江西农业学报.1998. 10 (4 ): 46-50
[48] Pennisi, A. M., and Agosteo, G. E. Insensitivity to metalaxyl among isolates of Phytophthora capsic causing root and crown rot of pepper in Southern Italy[J]. Plant Disease. 1998,82 (11): 1283-1286
[49] 李宝笃,李梅,沈崇尧. “霜霉威(Propamocarb )”“甲霜灵(Metalaxyl)”对我国辣椒疫霉菌作用方式比较及交互抗性的研究[J]. 植物病理学报.1995 24 ( 2 ) : 169-174
[50] 王文桥,刘国容. 卵菌对内吸杀菌剂的抗药性及对策[J]. 植物病理学报.1996, 26 (4 ):294-296
[51] 郑福庆,黄文生,王彬等.植物病害生物防治研究进展[J].江西植保,1998,21(3):29-33
[52] Wasbington D.C., Report of the research of briefing panel on biological control in managed ecosystem. National Academy of Science[M]American: National Academy Press, 1998.
[53] 李望.植物虫害的生物防治[J].生物学通报,1994,29(5):11
[54] Weller DM. Biological control of soil-borne plant-pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria[J].Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 1988,26:379-407.
[55] Paulitz TC, Belanger RR. Biological control in greenhouse systems[J]. Annu Rev. Phytopathol,2001, 39:103-133.
[56] 刘云龙,何永宏,张旭东.哈茨木霉对辣椒生长的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(4):345-346.
[57] 何美仙.寡雄腐霉和木霉对辣椒疫霉拮抗作用的初步研究[J].金华职业技术学院学报,2002,(2)25-27.
[58] 刘任,卢兆金.哈茨木霉 T2 菌株对辣椒土传病害的控制作用明[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2003,16(1):6-11.
[59] 胡东维,王源超,徐 颖.木霉对辣椒疫霉菌抑制作用的超微结构与细胞化学[J].菌物系统,2003,22(1):95-100.
[60] Ahmed A.S, Perez-Sanchez C. Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling root rot caused by Phytophthora capsicum in pepper plants[J]. Plant Pathology, 1999,48(1):58-65.
[61] 张海堂,薛煜.毛壳菌和木霉菌防治山杨根腐病的试验[J].森林病虫通讯,1999,1:1-3.
[62] 马艳,常志州,朱万宝等.拮抗真菌 F-310 对辣椒疫霉菌的抗生活性及防效[J].江苏农业学报,2004,20(3):180-183.
[63] 暴增海,杨文兰,吴学仁等.粘帚霉(Glocladium spp.)不同菌株对几种病原菌的抑菌作用测定[J].吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(4):394-398.
[64] 李长松.拮抗性细菌防治植物土传病害的研究进展[J].生物防治通报,1992,8(4):168-172.
[65] Keer A. Biological control of crown gall through production of agrocin 8-1[J]. Plant Disease.1980,64:25-30.
[66] New PB and Kerr A. Biological control of crown gall: field observation and glasshouse experiment[J]. J. Appl. Bact,1972,35:279-287.
[67] 戴晓燕,关桂兰.两株对辣椒疫霉菌有拮抗作用的拮抗菌分泌蛋白的研究[J].中国生物防治,1999,15(2):81-84.
[68] 邱思鑫,何红,阮宏椿等.内生芽孢杆菌 TB2 防治辣椒疫病效果及其机理初探[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(2):173-179.
[69] 朱宗源,周新根,宋荣浩.用生物制剂防治青椒疫病.上海农业学报,1995,11(1):64-68.
[70] Jubina P A, Girija V K. Antagonistic rhizobacteria for management of Phytophthora capsici, the incitant of root rot of black pepper[J]. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 1998,28(2):147-153.
[71] Lee Jung Yeop, Kim Beom Seok Field control of Phytophthora blight of pepper plants with antagonistic rhizobacteria and DL-β-ammino-n-butyric acid[J]. Plant Pathology Journal,1999,15(4): 217-222.
[72] Lee J Y, Moon S S, Hwang B K. Isolation and Antifungal and Antioomycete Activities of Aerugine Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain MM-B16[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003, 69(4):2023-2031.
[73] 贾菊生,马德英,羌松.放线菌 R1 号菌株防治农作物病害的研究初报[J].新疆农业大学学报,2001,24(1):55-59.
[74] 段学辉,冷桂华,曾文兵等.紫黑吸水链霉菌 Streptomyces violaceoniger hygroscopicus 发酵代谢产物对几种常见果蔬病原菌的拮抗活性[J].江西农业大学学报,2004,26(2):266-269.
[75] Lee J Y,Hwang B K.Diversity of antifungal actinomycetes in various vegetative soils of Korea[J].Canadian journal of microbiology, 2002,(5):407-417.
[76] Adams P B. The potential of mycoparasites for biological control of plant Diseases[J]. Annul. rev. phytopathol, 1990,28:59-72.
[77] Baker K F. Evolving concepts of biocontrol of plant pathogens[J]. Annu. rev. phytopathol.1987,25:67-85.
[78] Recves P. The Conccpt of bacteriocins zentralbl[J]. Baktcriol ParasitebkD, 1979,2-14:78-89.
[79] 黄大防,林敏.农业微生物基因工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[80] Okamoto, H., Sato M. Biocontrol of Phytophthora capsici by Serratia marcescens F-1-1 and analysis of biocontrol mechanism using transposn insertion mutants[J]. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,1998,64(4):287-295.
[81] Kim JC, Choi GJ, Park JH, et,al. Activity against plant pathogenic fungi of phomalactone isolatedfrom Nigrospora sphaerica[J]. Pest Manag Sci 2001,57(6):554-559.
[82] Joo, Gil-Jae Production of an anti-fungal substance for biological control of Phytophthora capsici causing phytophthora blight in red-peppers by Streptomyces halstedii.[J] Biotechnology Letter.2005,27(3):201-205.
[83] 金庆超,叶华智,张敏.苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与玉米对纹枯病抗性的关系[J].四川农业大学学报,2003,(21)2:116-118.
[84] 秦国政,田世平,刘海波等.拮抗菌与病原菌处理对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶及 苯丙氨酸解氨酶的诱导[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(1):89-93.
[85] 毛爱军,王永建,冯兰香等.疫病病菌侵染后辣椒幼苗体内保护酶活性的变化[J].华北农学报,2003,18(2):66-69.
[86] Leuchtmann A. Systematics, distribution, and host specificity of grass endophytes [J]. Nat Toxins, 1992, 1(3):150-162
[87] Sturz AV, Christie BR, Nowak J. Baterial endophytes potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production[J]. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 2000, 19:1-30
[88] Hallmann J, Quadt Hallmann A, Mahaffee WF, et al. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops[J].Can J Microbiol, 1997, 29:319-322
[89] Stone JK, Bacon CW, White JF Jr. An overview of endophytis microbes:endophytism defined[J]. Microbial Endophytes, 2000, 3:293-296
[90] 皱文欣, 谭仁样. 植物内生菌研究新进展[J]. 植物学报,2001, 43 (9) :881-892
[91] Freeman S, Rodriguez RJ. Genetic conversion of a fungal plant pathogen to a nonpathogenic endophytic mutualist[J].Science, 1993, 260:75-78
[92] Schulz B, Rommert AK, Dammann U, et al. The endophyte-host interaction:a balanced antagonism[J]. Mycol Res, 1999, 103:1275-1283
[93] Strobel GA, Torczynski R, Bollon A. Acremonium sp a leucinostatin A producing endophyte of European yew (Taxus baccata)[J]. Plant Sci, 1997, 128:97-108
[94] Strobel GA, Hess WM. Glucosylation of the peptide leucinostatin A, produced by an endophytic fungus of European yew, may protect the host from leucinostatin [J].Toxicity Chembiol, 1997, 4: 529-530
[95] Andrew JH. Biological control in the phyllosphere[J]. Ann Rev Phytopathol, 1992, (30): 603-635
[96] Zou wenxin, Tan renxiang. Biological and chemical diversity of endophytes and their potential applications [J].Advances in Plant Sciences, 1999, 2:183-190
[97] Saracchi M, Sardi P. Growth promoter streptomyces employed in seed bacterization institute of plant pathology [M].Milano, Italy, 1992
[98] Evtushenko LI, Svetlana VNA, Dobritsa SV, et al. A new species of actinomycete Amycolataalni [J]. Int. J. Syst Bacteriol.1989.39: 72-77
[99] 刘淑芬,韩宝坤. 植物内生菌研究综述[J]. 邯郸农业高等专科学校学报,2000, 17 (2): 15-17
[100] 曹理想,田新莉,周世宁.香蕉内生真菌、放线菌类群分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42 (2):70-73
[101] Anorld A E, Maynard Z, Gilbert G S, et al. Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse[J]. Ecol Lett, 2000, 3:267-274
[102] McInroy J A, Kloepper J W. Survey of indigenous bacterial endophytes from cotton and sweet corn[J].Plant and Soil, 1995(173):337-342
[103] 安千里,李久蒂.植物内生固氮菌[J].植物生理学通报,1999, 35 (4) :265-267
[104] 李阜棣,胡正嘉.微生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[105] Bai YD, Aoust F, Sroith DL, et al. Isolation of plant-growth-promoting Bacillus strains from soybean root nodules[J].Can J Microbiol, 2002, 48 (3):230-238
[106] Araujo WL,Maccheroni WJr, Aguilar-Vildoso CI, et al. Variability and interactions between endophytic bacteria and gungi isolated from leaf tissues of citrl[J]. Can J Microbiol, 2001,47(3):229-236
[107] 杨海莲,孙晓璐,宋未.植物根际促生细菌和内生细菌的诱导抗性的研究进展[J].植物病理学,2000, 30 (2):106-110
[108] Stur AV, Christie BR, Nowak J. Bacterial endophytes: Potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production [J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2000, 19 (1):1-30
[109] 杨海莲,孙晓璐,宋未.植物内生细菌的研究[J].微生物学通报,1998, 25 (4) :224-227
[110] 何红,邱思鑫,胡方平,等.植物内生细菌生物学作用研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2004, 24 (3) : 40-45
[111] 郭良栋.内生真菌研究进展[J].菌物系统,2001, 20 (1) :148-152
[112] 孔庆科,丁爱云.内生细菌作为生防因子的研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,2001, 32 (2) :256-260
[113] 任安芝,高玉葆,高文生.内生真菌侵染对黑麦草种子萌发、幼苗生长及渗透胁迫抗性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(4):420-426
[114] 田宏先,崔林,王秀英,等.马铃薯内生促生菌的促生长作用[J].山西农业科学,2003, 31(1) :28-30
[115] 陈丽梅,樊妙姬,李玲.甘蔗固氮内生菌-重氮营养醋杆菌的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2000, 27 (1):63-66
[116] Boddey RM, Oliveira OC, Urpuiaga S, et al. Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane and rice:contributions and prospects for improvement[J]. Plant Soil, 1995. 174:195-209
[117] Brady S F, Clardy J. CR377, a new pentaketide antifungal agent isolated from an endophytic fungus[J]. Nat Prod,2000, 63:1447-1447
[118] 裴炎,李先碧,彭红卫,等.抗真菌多肤 aPS-1 的分离纯化与特性[J].微生物学报,1999, 39 (4) : 344-349
[119] Lim HS, Kim YS, Kim SD. Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 genetic transformation and anti-fungal mechanism against Fusarium solani,an agent of plant root rot[J]. Appl. Environ Microbiol, 1991,57: 510-516
[120] Stamford TL, Stamford NP, Coelho LC, et al. Production and characterization of a thermostable alpha-amylase from Nocardiopsis sp.endophyte of yam bean [J]. Bioresour Technol, 2001, 76 (2):137-141
[121] Ju Y, Sacalis JN, Still CC. Bioactive flavonoids from endophyte-infected blue grass[J].Agric Food Chem, 1998,46: 3785-3788
[122] Findlay JA, Buthelezi S, Li G, et al. Insect toxins from an endophytic fungus from wintergreen[J]. Nat Prod, 1997,60: 1214-1215
[123] Siciliano SD, Fortin N, Mihoc A, et al. Selection of specific endophytic bacterial genotypes by plants in response to soil contamination[J].Appl Environ Microbiol, 2001, 67(6):2469-2475
[124] Chaintreail C, Giraud E, Prin Y, et al. Photosynthetic bradyrhizobia are natural endophytes of the African wild rice (Oryza reviligulata)[J]. Appl Enciron Microbiol, 2000,66(12):5437-5447
[125] 阮继生.放线菌分类基础(第一版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1977
[126] 阮继生,刘志恒,梁丽擂,等.放线菌研究及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1990
[127] Hasegawa et al. A new genus of Actinomycetales: Actinosynnema gen. nov.International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1978(28):304-310
[128] Polyanichko, O.F. Results of a study of the effectiveness of antibiotics against Verticillium wilt incotton. Mikroorganizmov. Tashkent, USSR. 1975
[129] Okazaki, T., Takahashi, K., Kizuka, M. and Enokita, R. Studies on Actinomycetes Isolated from Plant Leaves. Annual Review of the Sankyo Research Laboratories,1995(47): 97-106
[130] Kudo T, Matsushima K, Itoh T, et al. Int J Syst Bacacrial, 1998, 48: 1245- 1255
[131] Thirup, L., Johnsen, K. and Winding, A. Sucession of indigenous Pseudomonas spp. and actinomycetes on Barley roots affected by the antagonistic strain Pseudomonas flourescens DR54 and the fungicide Imazalil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2001(67): 1147-1153
[132] Verecke D, Burssens S, Simon-Mateo C, et al. The Rhodococcus biotechnological applications [J].Planta, 2000, 210:241-251
[133] Gurney KA, Mantle PG. Biosynthesis of 1-N-methyl-albo noursin by an endophytic Streptomyces sp isolated from perennial ryegrass [J].Nat Prod, 1993, 56:1194-1198
[134] Birber B, Nuske J, Ritzau M, et al. Alnumycin, a new naphthoquinone antibiotic produced by an endophytic Streptomyces sp[J].Antibiotics, 1998,51:381-382
[135] 丁爱云,郑继法,时呈奎,等.烟草几种重要病害拮抗菌的筛选[J].中国烟草科学,1999, 20(1):10-11
[136] 方中达.植病研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998
[137] 周德庆主编 ·微生物实验手册[M]·上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997·339-345
[138] 魏东胜,陈云芳,刘大群.芽孢杆菌 B21 菌株及其发酵液对番茄灰霉菌 C31 的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(4):73～76
[139] 肖炎农,程瑜,王明祖,等.假单胞杆菌 B301 对稻瘟病菌的拮抗性[J].植物保护学报,2000,27(3): 228-230.
[140] 易龙,肖崇刚。防治烟草赤星病有益内生菌的筛选及抑菌作用[J].微生物学报,2004,44(1):19-22.
[141] 薛景珍,沈音.一种观察小单孢菌的制片方法[M].微生物学通报,1986.
[142] 姜成林等.放线菌分类学[M]. 昆明:云南大学出版社,1995.
[143] G. CHEN, G. Y. WANG, X. LI, et al. Enhanced Production of Microbial Metabolites in the Presence of Dimethyl Sulfoxide[J]. THE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS. 2000,53(10):1145-1153.
[144] 谷俊,林亲雄,邢莹莹,奚涛.海洋放线菌 M324 抗菌物质的发酵优化与性质的初步研究.药物生物技术[J].2006,13(5):347~350
[145] 韩斯琴,徐梅,白震,吴文芳,吕安国.番茄灰霉病菌拮抗菌 D2-4 发酵条件的研究.东北农业大学学报[J].2004,35(1):93~98
[146] 方开泰,马长兴. 正交与均匀实验设计[M].北京,科学出版社,2001
[147] 昌艳萍 , 刘大群 , 张瑞平等 , 拮抗链霉菌 S93 发酵条件初探 [J]. 河北农业大学学报 , 2006,29(1):74-86
[2] 邹学校.中国辣椒[M].中国农业出版社,2002
[3] Adrain, L. Isozyme subgroups in Trichoderma Section longibrchiatum[J]. Mycologia1996 ,88(3):384-394
[4] 李兴红,李明远.茄果类蔬菜病虫害识别与防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[5] 程范耿.辣椒疫病的诊断及其防治[J].蔬菜,2000,(5):22
[6] [美]C J 阿历索保罗 C W 明斯,M 布莱克韦尔著.姚一建,李玉,主译,李玉,等总校.菌物学概论(第四版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002 年.
[7] 邢来君,李明春编著. 普通真菌学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1999.
[8] 文景芝,贾文香,张明厚等. 黑龙江省南瓜疫霉病病原菌鉴定[J].植物病理学报,1998,28(3): 261-262.
[9] 郑小波著. 疫霉菌及其研究技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[10] 程云,沈崇尧,段道环. 青辣椒疫菌为北京地区青辣椒死秧的主要原因[[J].植物病理学报,1988,18(1): 7-11.
[11] 马辉刚. 云南辣椒疫病菌种的鉴定[J].云南农业大学学报 ,1988,3(2):127-130.
[12] 王燕华,杨顺宝. 上海地区甜椒疫病病菌的鉴定[J].上海农业科技,1992,(1):20-21.
[13] 魏成贵,袁玉侠. 青椒疫病防治研究初报[J].辽宁农业科学,1989,(1):35-39.
[14] 朱宗源, 周新根.用生防制剂防治青椒疫病[J].上海农业学报,1995,11(1):64-68.
[15] 黄世玉. 植物疫霉与疫病[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1993.
[16] Kim, F.S. and Hwang, B. K. Virulence to Korea pepper cultivars of Phytophthora capsici form different geographic areas[J]. Plant Disease, 1992 (76):486-489
[17] 王得元,安康,王汝贤. 广州市辣椒疫病病原鉴定[J].广东农业科学,2001, (1 ): 37-39
[18] Polach, F. J. and Webster, R. K. Identification of strains and inheritance of pathogenicity in
[19] Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology. 1972 (62):20-26
[20] HWang, B. K., de Cock, A. W A. M., Bahnweg, G. et al. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondria DNA among Phytophthora capsici isolates from pepper(Capsicum annuum) [J]. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1991 (14):111-116
[21] 戚仁德,丁建成,顾江涛. 辣椒疫霉致病力分化的初步研究[J].植物保护学报,2002.29 (2 ): 189-190
[22] 武华国. 辣椒疫病病原物的特征、病害循环及其防治措施[J].湖南农业科学,2000,5
[23] 陈利锋. 农业植物病理学[M],北京:中国农业出版社,2002
[24] 陆家云. 植物病原真菌学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[25] 雷国明. 辣椒疫病研究的进展.江西农业科技[J],1993 (6): 41
[26] 丁建成,戚仁德,顾江涛等. 辣椒疫病发生原因与防治对策[J]. 安徽农业科学,2001,29(5): 651-652
[27] 唐德志. 甘肃辣椒疫病病原物与流行因素的研究[J]. 植物保护,1990, 16(2): 14...15
[28] 毛爱军,耿三省. 培养基种类对繁殖辣椒疫病菌的影响[J].北京农业科学,1999, 10.
[29] 常彩淘,王鸣,巩振辉. 诱发辣椒疫霉菌大量产孢的最佳方法[J].西北农业大学学报,1995(1):90-92
[30] 易图勇,张宝玺,谢丙炎等. 辣椒疫病三种接种方法的比较[J].中国蔬菜,2003 ( 2 ):16-18
[31] 林柏青,张松林. 辣椒品种抗疫病鉴定方法的初步研究[J].中国蔬菜,1994 (4 ): 21-25
[32] 冉莹青,利容千. 辣椒感染疫霉菌后几种霉活性及同功酶谱带变化[J].植物病理学报,1997,27(2):154-156
[33] 黄凤莲,刘寿明,曾瑞香等. 湘研辣椒品种抗疫病筛选及抗性机制研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,1999 (3 ): 37-39
[34] 王兰兰,程鸿. 辣椒苗期抗疫病鉴定及抗性机制的研究[J].甘肃农业科技,1996(3):37-39
[35] 刘建华,杨宇红,卢鉴值等. 辣椒种质资源对疫霉的抗病性鉴定研究[J].湖南农业科学,1998 ( 3):30-31
[36] 王得元,常彩淘,王鸣. 辣椒抗疫病的遗传与育种[J].中国蔬菜,1995 (3 ): 50-53
[37] 任华中. 辣椒抗疫病遗传与育种研究展望[J].中国农业大学学报,1996,1(3):71-76
[38] Forster H, Adaskaveg J E, Kim D H. Effect of phosphate on tomato and pepper plants and on susceptibility of pepper to Phytophthora root and crow rotin hydroponic culture[J]. Plant Disease, 1998. 82(10):1165-1170
[39] Xie Jinhui, Cardenas ES, Sammis Tw. Effects of irrigation method on Chile pepper yield and
[40] phytophthora blight root rot incidence[J]. Ariculture Water Management,1999,42(2):127-142
[41] 吕和平,郭满库,陈雨天等. 农业措施对辣椒疫病的生态控制效应[J].甘肃农业科技,1998 (3):43-05
[42] 程子林,张树建,关铁炼等. 采用嫁接方法防治青椒疫病的研究[J].天津农业科学,1998. 4 (4 ): 29-32
[43] 詹佑良,袁世佳,雷蕾等. 辣椒疫病发生规律及防治研究[J]. 西南农业学报.1991, 4(2): 91-95
[44] 贾菊生. 新疆辣椒疫病及防治研究[J].植物病理学报.1992, 22 (3): 257-262
[45] 吕和平,刘永刚,杜惠等. 辣椒疫病综合治理技术及应用[J]. 植物保护,2001, 27 (1 ):21-23
[46] 易图永,谢丙炎,张宝玺等. 辣椒疫病防治研究进展[J]. 中国蔬菜. 2002 ( 5 ): 52-55
[47] 邵见阳,马辉刚,苏玲. 辣椒疫霉病菌对内吸性杀菌剂抗药性的研究[J]. 江西农业学报.1998. 10 (4 ): 46-50
[48] Pennisi, A. M., and Agosteo, G. E. Insensitivity to metalaxyl among isolates of Phytophthora capsic causing root and crown rot of pepper in Southern Italy[J]. Plant Disease. 1998,82 (11): 1283-1286
[49] 李宝笃,李梅,沈崇尧. “霜霉威(Propamocarb )”“甲霜灵(Metalaxyl)”对我国辣椒疫霉菌作用方式比较及交互抗性的研究[J]. 植物病理学报.1995 24 ( 2 ) : 169-174
[50] 王文桥,刘国容. 卵菌对内吸杀菌剂的抗药性及对策[J]. 植物病理学报.1996, 26 (4 ):294-296
[51] 郑福庆,黄文生,王彬等.植物病害生物防治研究进展[J].江西植保,1998,21(3):29-33
[52] Wasbington D.C., Report of the research of briefing panel on biological control in managed ecosystem. National Academy of Science[M]American: National Academy Press, 1998.
[53] 李望.植物虫害的生物防治[J].生物学通报,1994,29(5):11
[54] Weller DM. Biological control of soil-borne plant-pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria[J].Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 1988,26:379-407.
[55] Paulitz TC, Belanger RR. Biological control in greenhouse systems[J]. Annu Rev. Phytopathol,2001, 39:103-133.
[56] 刘云龙,何永宏,张旭东.哈茨木霉对辣椒生长的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(4):345-346.
[57] 何美仙.寡雄腐霉和木霉对辣椒疫霉拮抗作用的初步研究[J].金华职业技术学院学报,2002,(2)25-27.
[58] 刘任,卢兆金.哈茨木霉 T2 菌株对辣椒土传病害的控制作用明[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2003,16(1):6-11.
[59] 胡东维,王源超,徐 颖.木霉对辣椒疫霉菌抑制作用的超微结构与细胞化学[J].菌物系统,2003,22(1):95-100.
[60] Ahmed A.S, Perez-Sanchez C. Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum for controlling root rot caused by Phytophthora capsicum in pepper plants[J]. Plant Pathology, 1999,48(1):58-65.
[61] 张海堂,薛煜.毛壳菌和木霉菌防治山杨根腐病的试验[J].森林病虫通讯,1999,1:1-3.
[62] 马艳,常志州,朱万宝等.拮抗真菌 F-310 对辣椒疫霉菌的抗生活性及防效[J].江苏农业学报,2004,20(3):180-183.
[63] 暴增海,杨文兰,吴学仁等.粘帚霉(Glocladium spp.)不同菌株对几种病原菌的抑菌作用测定[J].吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(4):394-398.
[64] 李长松.拮抗性细菌防治植物土传病害的研究进展[J].生物防治通报,1992,8(4):168-172.
[65] Keer A. Biological control of crown gall through production of agrocin 8-1[J]. Plant Disease.1980,64:25-30.
[66] New PB and Kerr A. Biological control of crown gall: field observation and glasshouse experiment[J]. J. Appl. Bact,1972,35:279-287.
[67] 戴晓燕,关桂兰.两株对辣椒疫霉菌有拮抗作用的拮抗菌分泌蛋白的研究[J].中国生物防治,1999,15(2):81-84.
[68] 邱思鑫,何红,阮宏椿等.内生芽孢杆菌 TB2 防治辣椒疫病效果及其机理初探[J].植物病理学报,2004,34(2):173-179.
[69] 朱宗源,周新根,宋荣浩.用生物制剂防治青椒疫病.上海农业学报,1995,11(1):64-68.
[70] Jubina P A, Girija V K. Antagonistic rhizobacteria for management of Phytophthora capsici, the incitant of root rot of black pepper[J]. Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 1998,28(2):147-153.
[71] Lee Jung Yeop, Kim Beom Seok Field control of Phytophthora blight of pepper plants with antagonistic rhizobacteria and DL-β-ammino-n-butyric acid[J]. Plant Pathology Journal,1999,15(4): 217-222.
[72] Lee J Y, Moon S S, Hwang B K. Isolation and Antifungal and Antioomycete Activities of Aerugine Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain MM-B16[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003, 69(4):2023-2031.
[73] 贾菊生,马德英,羌松.放线菌 R1 号菌株防治农作物病害的研究初报[J].新疆农业大学学报,2001,24(1):55-59.
[74] 段学辉,冷桂华,曾文兵等.紫黑吸水链霉菌 Streptomyces violaceoniger hygroscopicus 发酵代谢产物对几种常见果蔬病原菌的拮抗活性[J].江西农业大学学报,2004,26(2):266-269.
[75] Lee J Y,Hwang B K.Diversity of antifungal actinomycetes in various vegetative soils of Korea[J].Canadian journal of microbiology, 2002,(5):407-417.
[76] Adams P B. The potential of mycoparasites for biological control of plant Diseases[J]. Annul. rev. phytopathol, 1990,28:59-72.
[77] Baker K F. Evolving concepts of biocontrol of plant pathogens[J]. Annu. rev. phytopathol.1987,25:67-85.
[78] Recves P. The Conccpt of bacteriocins zentralbl[J]. Baktcriol ParasitebkD, 1979,2-14:78-89.
[79] 黄大防,林敏.农业微生物基因工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[80] Okamoto, H., Sato M. Biocontrol of Phytophthora capsici by Serratia marcescens F-1-1 and analysis of biocontrol mechanism using transposn insertion mutants[J]. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,1998,64(4):287-295.
[81] Kim JC, Choi GJ, Park JH, et,al. Activity against plant pathogenic fungi of phomalactone isolatedfrom Nigrospora sphaerica[J]. Pest Manag Sci 2001,57(6):554-559.
[82] Joo, Gil-Jae Production of an anti-fungal substance for biological control of Phytophthora capsici causing phytophthora blight in red-peppers by Streptomyces halstedii.[J] Biotechnology Letter.2005,27(3):201-205.
[83] 金庆超,叶华智,张敏.苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与玉米对纹枯病抗性的关系[J].四川农业大学学报,2003,(21)2:116-118.
[84] 秦国政,田世平,刘海波等.拮抗菌与病原菌处理对采后桃果实多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶及 苯丙氨酸解氨酶的诱导[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(1):89-93.
[85] 毛爱军,王永建,冯兰香等.疫病病菌侵染后辣椒幼苗体内保护酶活性的变化[J].华北农学报,2003,18(2):66-69.
[86] Leuchtmann A. Systematics, distribution, and host specificity of grass endophytes [J]. Nat Toxins, 1992, 1(3):150-162
[87] Sturz AV, Christie BR, Nowak J. Baterial endophytes potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production[J]. Crit Rev Plant Sci, 2000, 19:1-30
[88] Hallmann J, Quadt Hallmann A, Mahaffee WF, et al. Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops[J].Can J Microbiol, 1997, 29:319-322
[89] Stone JK, Bacon CW, White JF Jr. An overview of endophytis microbes:endophytism defined[J]. Microbial Endophytes, 2000, 3:293-296
[90] 皱文欣, 谭仁样. 植物内生菌研究新进展[J]. 植物学报,2001, 43 (9) :881-892
[91] Freeman S, Rodriguez RJ. Genetic conversion of a fungal plant pathogen to a nonpathogenic endophytic mutualist[J].Science, 1993, 260:75-78
[92] Schulz B, Rommert AK, Dammann U, et al. The endophyte-host interaction:a balanced antagonism[J]. Mycol Res, 1999, 103:1275-1283
[93] Strobel GA, Torczynski R, Bollon A. Acremonium sp a leucinostatin A producing endophyte of European yew (Taxus baccata)[J]. Plant Sci, 1997, 128:97-108
[94] Strobel GA, Hess WM. Glucosylation of the peptide leucinostatin A, produced by an endophytic fungus of European yew, may protect the host from leucinostatin [J].Toxicity Chembiol, 1997, 4: 529-530
[95] Andrew JH. Biological control in the phyllosphere[J]. Ann Rev Phytopathol, 1992, (30): 603-635
[96] Zou wenxin, Tan renxiang. Biological and chemical diversity of endophytes and their potential applications [J].Advances in Plant Sciences, 1999, 2:183-190
[97] Saracchi M, Sardi P. Growth promoter streptomyces employed in seed bacterization institute of plant pathology [M].Milano, Italy, 1992
[98] Evtushenko LI, Svetlana VNA, Dobritsa SV, et al. A new species of actinomycete Amycolataalni [J]. Int. J. Syst Bacteriol.1989.39: 72-77
[99] 刘淑芬,韩宝坤. 植物内生菌研究综述[J]. 邯郸农业高等专科学校学报,2000, 17 (2): 15-17
[100] 曹理想,田新莉,周世宁.香蕉内生真菌、放线菌类群分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42 (2):70-73
[101] Anorld A E, Maynard Z, Gilbert G S, et al. Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse[J]. Ecol Lett, 2000, 3:267-274
[102] McInroy J A, Kloepper J W. Survey of indigenous bacterial endophytes from cotton and sweet corn[J].Plant and Soil, 1995(173):337-342
[103] 安千里,李久蒂.植物内生固氮菌[J].植物生理学通报,1999, 35 (4) :265-267
[104] 李阜棣,胡正嘉.微生物学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[105] Bai YD, Aoust F, Sroith DL, et al. Isolation of plant-growth-promoting Bacillus strains from soybean root nodules[J].Can J Microbiol, 2002, 48 (3):230-238
[106] Araujo WL,Maccheroni WJr, Aguilar-Vildoso CI, et al. Variability and interactions between endophytic bacteria and gungi isolated from leaf tissues of citrl[J]. Can J Microbiol, 2001,47(3):229-236
[107] 杨海莲,孙晓璐,宋未.植物根际促生细菌和内生细菌的诱导抗性的研究进展[J].植物病理学,2000, 30 (2):106-110
[108] Stur AV, Christie BR, Nowak J. Bacterial endophytes: Potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production [J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2000, 19 (1):1-30
[109] 杨海莲,孙晓璐,宋未.植物内生细菌的研究[J].微生物学通报,1998, 25 (4) :224-227
[110] 何红,邱思鑫,胡方平,等.植物内生细菌生物学作用研究进展[J].微生物学杂志,2004, 24 (3) : 40-45
[111] 郭良栋.内生真菌研究进展[J].菌物系统,2001, 20 (1) :148-152
[112] 孔庆科,丁爱云.内生细菌作为生防因子的研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,2001, 32 (2) :256-260
[113] 任安芝,高玉葆,高文生.内生真菌侵染对黑麦草种子萌发、幼苗生长及渗透胁迫抗性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(4):420-426
[114] 田宏先,崔林,王秀英,等.马铃薯内生促生菌的促生长作用[J].山西农业科学,2003, 31(1) :28-30
[115] 陈丽梅,樊妙姬,李玲.甘蔗固氮内生菌-重氮营养醋杆菌的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2000, 27 (1):63-66
[116] Boddey RM, Oliveira OC, Urpuiaga S, et al. Biological nitrogen fixation associated with sugar cane and rice:contributions and prospects for improvement[J]. Plant Soil, 1995. 174:195-209
[117] Brady S F, Clardy J. CR377, a new pentaketide antifungal agent isolated from an endophytic fungus[J]. Nat Prod,2000, 63:1447-1447
[118] 裴炎,李先碧,彭红卫,等.抗真菌多肤 aPS-1 的分离纯化与特性[J].微生物学报,1999, 39 (4) : 344-349
[119] Lim HS, Kim YS, Kim SD. Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 genetic transformation and anti-fungal mechanism against Fusarium solani,an agent of plant root rot[J]. Appl. Environ Microbiol, 1991,57: 510-516
[120] Stamford TL, Stamford NP, Coelho LC, et al. Production and characterization of a thermostable alpha-amylase from Nocardiopsis sp.endophyte of yam bean [J]. Bioresour Technol, 2001, 76 (2):137-141
[121] Ju Y, Sacalis JN, Still CC. Bioactive flavonoids from endophyte-infected blue grass[J].Agric Food Chem, 1998,46: 3785-3788
[122] Findlay JA, Buthelezi S, Li G, et al. Insect toxins from an endophytic fungus from wintergreen[J]. Nat Prod, 1997,60: 1214-1215
[123] Siciliano SD, Fortin N, Mihoc A, et al. Selection of specific endophytic bacterial genotypes by plants in response to soil contamination[J].Appl Environ Microbiol, 2001, 67(6):2469-2475
[124] Chaintreail C, Giraud E, Prin Y, et al. Photosynthetic bradyrhizobia are natural endophytes of the African wild rice (Oryza reviligulata)[J]. Appl Enciron Microbiol, 2000,66(12):5437-5447
[125] 阮继生.放线菌分类基础(第一版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1977
[126] 阮继生,刘志恒,梁丽擂,等.放线菌研究及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1990
[127] Hasegawa et al. A new genus of Actinomycetales: Actinosynnema gen. nov.International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1978(28):304-310
[128] Polyanichko, O.F. Results of a study of the effectiveness of antibiotics against Verticillium wilt incotton. Mikroorganizmov. Tashkent, USSR. 1975
[129] Okazaki, T., Takahashi, K., Kizuka, M. and Enokita, R. Studies on Actinomycetes Isolated from Plant Leaves. Annual Review of the Sankyo Research Laboratories,1995(47): 97-106
[130] Kudo T, Matsushima K, Itoh T, et al. Int J Syst Bacacrial, 1998, 48: 1245- 1255
[131] Thirup, L., Johnsen, K. and Winding, A. Sucession of indigenous Pseudomonas spp. and actinomycetes on Barley roots affected by the antagonistic strain Pseudomonas flourescens DR54 and the fungicide Imazalil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2001(67): 1147-1153
[132] Verecke D, Burssens S, Simon-Mateo C, et al. The Rhodococcus biotechnological applications [J].Planta, 2000, 210:241-251
[133] Gurney KA, Mantle PG. Biosynthesis of 1-N-methyl-albo noursin by an endophytic Streptomyces sp isolated from perennial ryegrass [J].Nat Prod, 1993, 56:1194-1198
[134] Birber B, Nuske J, Ritzau M, et al. Alnumycin, a new naphthoquinone antibiotic produced by an endophytic Streptomyces sp[J].Antibiotics, 1998,51:381-382
[135] 丁爱云,郑继法,时呈奎,等.烟草几种重要病害拮抗菌的筛选[J].中国烟草科学,1999, 20(1):10-11
[136] 方中达.植病研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998
[137] 周德庆主编 ·微生物实验手册[M]·上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997·339-345
[138] 魏东胜,陈云芳,刘大群.芽孢杆菌 B21 菌株及其发酵液对番茄灰霉菌 C31 的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(4):73～76
[139] 肖炎农,程瑜,王明祖,等.假单胞杆菌 B301 对稻瘟病菌的拮抗性[J].植物保护学报,2000,27(3): 228-230.
[140] 易龙,肖崇刚。防治烟草赤星病有益内生菌的筛选及抑菌作用[J].微生物学报,2004,44(1):19-22.
[141] 薛景珍,沈音.一种观察小单孢菌的制片方法[M].微生物学通报,1986.
[142] 姜成林等.放线菌分类学[M]. 昆明:云南大学出版社,1995.
[143] G. CHEN, G. Y. WANG, X. LI, et al. Enhanced Production of Microbial Metabolites in the Presence of Dimethyl Sulfoxide[J]. THE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS. 2000,53(10):1145-1153.
[144] 谷俊,林亲雄,邢莹莹,奚涛.海洋放线菌 M324 抗菌物质的发酵优化与性质的初步研究.药物生物技术[J].2006,13(5):347~350
[145] 韩斯琴,徐梅,白震,吴文芳,吕安国.番茄灰霉病菌拮抗菌 D2-4 发酵条件的研究.东北农业大学学报[J].2004,35(1):93~98
[146] 方开泰,马长兴. 正交与均匀实验设计[M].北京,科学出版社,2001
[147] 昌艳萍 , 刘大群 , 张瑞平等 , 拮抗链霉菌 S93 发酵条件初探 [J]. 河北农业大学学报 , 2006,29(1):74-86